La Maná weather in February
In February, La Maná sees average daytime highs of 25°C and overnight lows near 19°C, with 1356 mm of rain across 28 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 25°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February, and the air most often feels muggy.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is La Maná's 11th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see La Maná's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 25°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 19°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 1356 mm
- 28 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:31 AM – 6:32 PM
- Cloud cover
- 95%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.43 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
La Maná is city of Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 25°C through the month.
A typical February day in La Maná reaches about 25°C in the afternoon and slips back to 19°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 19 |
| 2 | 24 | 19 |
| 3 | 24 | 19 |
| 4 | 24 | 19 |
| 5 | 24 | 19 |
| 6 | 24 | 19 |
| 7 | 24 | 19 |
| 8 | 25 | 19 |
| 9 | 25 | 19 |
| 10 | 25 | 19 |
| 11 | 25 | 19 |
| 12 | 25 | 19 |
| 13 | 25 | 19 |
| 14 | 25 | 19 |
| 15 | 25 | 19 |
| 16 | 25 | 19 |
| 17 | 25 | 19 |
| 18 | 25 | 19 |
| 19 | 25 | 20 |
| 20 | 25 | 20 |
| 21 | 25 | 20 |
| 22 | 25 | 20 |
| 23 | 25 | 20 |
| 24 | 25 | 20 |
| 25 | 25 | 20 |
| 26 | 25 | 20 |
| 27 | 25 | 20 |
| 28 | 25 | 20 |
La Maná weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 4th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 19° | 1374 | 31 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Feb | 25° / 19° | 1356 | 28 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Mar | 25° / 20° | 1453 | 30.9 | 12 | 3.3 |
| Apr | 25° / 20° | 1474 | 30 | 12 | 3.3 |
| May | 25° / 20° | 1219 | 31 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 24° / 19° | 761 | 29.9 | 11.9 | 3.4 |
| Jul | 23° / 18° | 650 | 30.9 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Aug | 23° / 18° | 467 | 30.7 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Sep | 23° / 18° | 530 | 30 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Oct | 24° / 18° | 539 | 30.6 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 24° / 19° | 487 | 29.3 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Dec | 24° / 19° | 920 | 30.8 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 0% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 100%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cloudier (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | 100 |
| 2 | 0 | 100 |
| 3 | 0 | 100 |
| 4 | 0 | 100 |
| 5 | 0 | 100 |
| 6 | 0 | 100 |
| 7 | 0 | 100 |
| 8 | 0 | 100 |
| 9 | 0 | 100 |
| 10 | 0 | 100 |
| 11 | 0 | 100 |
| 12 | 0 | 100 |
| 13 | 0 | 100 |
| 14 | 0 | 100 |
| 15 | 0 | 100 |
| 16 | 0 | 100 |
| 17 | 0 | 100 |
| 18 | 0 | 100 |
| 19 | 0 | 100 |
| 20 | 0 | 100 |
| 21 | 0 | 100 |
| 22 | 0 | 100 |
| 23 | 0 | 100 |
| 24 | 0 | 100 |
| 25 | 0 | 100 |
| 26 | 0 | 100 |
| 27 | 0 | 100 |
| 28 | 0 | 100 |
Chance of precipitation in February
La Maná gets around 1356 mm of rain over 28 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 100% and peaks near 100% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels muggy — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the muggy band about 89% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 99% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humid (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Muggy (%) | 92 | 92 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 |
| Oppressive (%) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 92 | 6 |
| 2 | 2 | 92 | 6 |
| 3 | 2 | 91 | 7 |
| 4 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 5 | 1 | 92 | 7 |
| 6 | 1 | 91 | 8 |
| 7 | 1 | 91 | 8 |
| 8 | 1 | 90 | 9 |
| 9 | 1 | 90 | 9 |
| 10 | 1 | 90 | 9 |
| 11 | 1 | 89 | 10 |
| 12 | 1 | 89 | 10 |
| 13 | 1 | 89 | 10 |
| 14 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 15 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 16 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 17 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 18 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 19 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 20 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 21 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 22 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 23 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 24 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 25 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 26 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 27 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
| 28 | 1 | 88 | 11 |
Wind in February
Winds average 4 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:29 AM to 6:30 AM, and sunset from 6:32 PM to 6:31 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:30 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:32 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 6:29 | 6:32 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:32 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:30 | 6:31 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.43 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.06 kWh/m² to a high of 3.67 kWh/m² in September across the year — February's 3.43 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.5 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for La Maná
In February, La Maná sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
La Maná's rainy season runs December–June, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit La Maná?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in La Maná.
What to pack for La Maná in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, La Maná sees daytime highs around 25°C and nights near 19°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes. About 28 days see rain.
UV index in La Maná in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in La Maná peaks around February 20 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 17 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in La Maná in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in La Maná is worst in November — around 40 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 2.5× the cleanest month (July, 16 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 17 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 40 | 25 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Moderate |
| Feb | 18 | Moderate |
| Mar | 20 | Moderate |
| Apr | 20 | Moderate |
| May | 18 | Moderate |
| Jun | 17 | Moderate |
| Jul | 16 | Moderate |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 18 | Moderate |
| Oct | 22 | Moderate |
| Nov | 40 | Poor |
| Dec | 25 | Moderate |
Where is La Maná?
La Maná sits at 0.9°S, 79.2°W, 742 m above sea level, in Ecuador. The nearest listed city is Valencia, 14 km away.
Topography around La Maná
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of La Maná.
Within 3 km, the terrain around La Maná has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 512 m around an average of 269 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,135 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,239 m.
The land around La Maná is covered by trees (80%) within 3 km, trees (92%) within 16 km, and trees (60%) and grassland (30%) within 80 km.
Ecuador travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 120 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 43% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $7,125
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 70%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 45.7
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 20.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 466
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for La Maná (-0.941°, -79.2266°, elevation 742 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).