Al Khārjah weather in February
In February, Al Khārjah sees average daytime highs of 23°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0.1 wet days and about 11.1 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 25°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 80% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 48 min at the start of February to 11 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Al Khārjah's 10th-clearest and 10th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Al Khārjah's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 23°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 06 min
- 6:39 AM – 5:46 PM
- Cloud cover
- 19%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 10th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.64 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 9.2
- out of 10
Al Khārjah is town and main settlement in the el-Kharga depression, capital of the New Valley governorate.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 22°C in the first days to 25°C by the end.
A typical February day in Al Khārjah reaches about 23°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 19°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 8 |
| 2 | 22 | 8 |
| 3 | 22 | 8 |
| 4 | 22 | 8 |
| 5 | 22 | 8 |
| 6 | 22 | 8 |
| 7 | 22 | 8 |
| 8 | 22 | 8 |
| 9 | 22 | 8 |
| 10 | 22 | 8 |
| 11 | 23 | 8 |
| 12 | 23 | 8 |
| 13 | 23 | 9 |
| 14 | 23 | 9 |
| 15 | 23 | 9 |
| 16 | 23 | 9 |
| 17 | 23 | 9 |
| 18 | 24 | 9 |
| 19 | 24 | 9 |
| 20 | 24 | 10 |
| 21 | 24 | 10 |
| 22 | 24 | 10 |
| 23 | 24 | 10 |
| 24 | 25 | 10 |
| 25 | 25 | 10 |
| 26 | 25 | 11 |
| 27 | 25 | 11 |
| 28 | 25 | 11 |
How February really feels in Al Khārjah
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Al Khārjah weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 21° / 7° | 0 | 0.1 | 10.6 | 8.7 |
| Feb | 23° / 9° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.1 | 9.2 |
| Mar | 27° / 13° | 1 | 0.1 | 11.8 | 8.6 |
| Apr | 33° / 17° | 0 | 0 | 12.6 | 5.0 |
| May | 37° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 13.2 | 2.3 |
| Jun | 39° / 25° | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 0.9 |
| Jul | 39° / 25° | 0 | 0 | 13.4 | 0.6 |
| Aug | 39° / 25° | 0 | 0 | 12.9 | 0.7 |
| Sep | 37° / 23° | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 2.3 |
| Oct | 33° / 20° | 0 | 0 | 11.4 | 4.9 |
| Nov | 27° / 13° | 0 | 0 | 10.8 | 8.7 |
| Dec | 22° / 9° | 0 | 0 | 10.4 | 9.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 80% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 13%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Cloudier (%) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 87 | 13 |
| 2 | 87 | 13 |
| 3 | 87 | 13 |
| 4 | 86 | 14 |
| 5 | 86 | 14 |
| 6 | 86 | 14 |
| 7 | 86 | 14 |
| 8 | 86 | 14 |
| 9 | 86 | 14 |
| 10 | 86 | 14 |
| 11 | 86 | 14 |
| 12 | 86 | 14 |
| 13 | 86 | 14 |
| 14 | 86 | 14 |
| 15 | 86 | 14 |
| 16 | 86 | 14 |
| 17 | 86 | 14 |
| 18 | 86 | 14 |
| 19 | 87 | 13 |
| 20 | 88 | 12 |
| 21 | 88 | 12 |
| 22 | 88 | 12 |
| 23 | 88 | 12 |
| 24 | 89 | 11 |
| 25 | 89 | 11 |
| 26 | 89 | 11 |
| 27 | 89 | 11 |
| 28 | 89 | 11 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Al Khārjah gets around 0 mm of rain over 0.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 0% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 12 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | calm |
| 2 | 12 | calm |
| 3 | 12 | calm |
| 4 | 12 | calm |
| 5 | 12 | calm |
| 6 | 12 | calm |
| 7 | 12 | calm |
| 8 | 12 | calm |
| 9 | 12 | calm |
| 10 | 12 | calm |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | light breeze |
| 17 | 12 | light breeze |
| 18 | 12 | light breeze |
| 19 | 12 | light breeze |
| 20 | 12 | light breeze |
| 21 | 12 | light breeze |
| 22 | 12 | light breeze |
| 23 | 12 | light breeze |
| 24 | 12 | light breeze |
| 25 | 13 | light breeze |
| 26 | 13 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 48 min at the start of February to 11 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 36 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:47 AM to 6:29 AM, and sunset from 5:36 PM to 5:54 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:29 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.8 | 6:47 | 5:36 |
| 2 | 10.8 | 6:46 | 5:37 |
| 3 | 10.9 | 6:46 | 5:38 |
| 4 | 10.9 | 6:45 | 5:38 |
| 5 | 10.9 | 6:45 | 5:39 |
| 6 | 10.9 | 6:44 | 5:40 |
| 7 | 10.9 | 6:44 | 5:40 |
| 8 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:41 |
| 9 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:42 |
| 10 | 11.0 | 6:42 | 5:42 |
| 11 | 11.0 | 6:42 | 5:43 |
| 12 | 11.0 | 6:41 | 5:44 |
| 13 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:44 |
| 14 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:45 |
| 15 | 11.1 | 6:39 | 5:46 |
| 16 | 11.1 | 6:38 | 5:46 |
| 17 | 11.2 | 6:38 | 5:47 |
| 18 | 11.2 | 6:37 | 5:48 |
| 19 | 11.2 | 6:36 | 5:48 |
| 20 | 11.2 | 6:35 | 5:49 |
| 21 | 11.2 | 6:35 | 5:50 |
| 22 | 11.3 | 6:34 | 5:50 |
| 23 | 11.3 | 6:33 | 5:51 |
| 24 | 11.3 | 6:32 | 5:51 |
| 25 | 11.3 | 6:31 | 5:52 |
| 26 | 11.4 | 6:31 | 5:53 |
| 27 | 11.4 | 6:30 | 5:53 |
| 28 | 11.4 | 6:29 | 5:54 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.64 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.4 kWh/m² to a high of 8.17 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 5.64 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Al Khārjah
None of Al Khārjah's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Al Khārjah sees seasonal dust haze (March–June), heaviest in May.
Is February a good time to visit Al Khārjah?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Al Khārjah for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Al Khārjah in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Al Khārjah sees daytime highs around 23°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Al Khārjah in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Al Khārjah peaks around June 15 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 5 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 5 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 |
| Level | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | High |
| Mar | 10 | Very high |
| Apr | 10 | Very high |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 6 | High |
| Dec | 5 | Moderate |
Air quality in Al Khārjah in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Al Khārjah is worst in June — around 83 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 61 | 65 | 79 | 79 | 82 | 83 | 61 | 67 | 80 | 79 | 58 | 58 |
| Level | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 61 | Unhealthy |
| Feb | 65 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 79 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 79 | Unhealthy |
| May | 82 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 83 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 61 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 67 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 80 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 79 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 58 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 58 | Unhealthy |
Where is Al Khārjah?
Al Khārjah sits at 25.5°N, 30.5°E, 81 m above sea level, in Egypt. The nearest listed city is Al-Khārijah, 22 km away.
Topography around Al Khārjah
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Al Khārjah.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Al Khārjah has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 60 m around an average of 75 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 442 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 587 m.
The land around Al Khārjah is covered by bare terrain (39%), artificial surfaces (26%) and trees (22%) within 3 km, bare terrain (90%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (99%) within 80 km.
Egypt travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 15% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,086
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 79%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2017
- Road deaths
- 10.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 459
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Al Khārjah (25.451°, 30.5465°, elevation 81 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).