Arīsh weather in February

In February, Arīsh sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 34 mm of rain across 5.9 wet days and about 10.9 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 60% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 10 h 30 min at the start of February to 11 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Arīsh's 10th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Arīsh's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 17°; 11th warmest
Overnight low: 13°; 2nd coldest
Rainfall: 34 mm; 5.9 wet days
Daylight: 10 h 54 min; 6:33 AM – 5:26 PM
Cloud cover: 36%; 10th clearest
Wind: 17 km/h; 1st windiest
Solar energy: 4.29 kWh/m²
Travel score: 6.4; out of 10

Arīsh is city in Egypt.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← January Arīsh year-round climate March →Best places to visit in February

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in February

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 17°C through the month.

A typical February day in Arīsh reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 14°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C cooler than March.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Avg high (°C)	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	18	18	18	18	18	18
Avg low (°C)	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	17	12
2	17	12
3	17	12
4	17	12
5	17	12
6	17	12
7	17	12
8	17	12
9	17	12
10	17	12
11	17	12
12	17	13
13	17	13
14	17	13
15	17	13
16	17	13
17	17	13
18	17	13
19	17	13
20	17	13
21	17	13
22	17	13
23	18	13
24	18	13
25	18	13
26	18	13
27	18	13
28	18	13

How February really feels in Arīsh

Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Arīsh weather by month

How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	17° / 12°	45	7.5	10.2	6.1
Feb	17° / 13°	34	5.9	10.9	6.4
Mar	19° / 14°	20	3.4	11.8	7.5
Apr	21° / 16°	6	1.3	12.7	8.4
May	23° / 19°	2	0.5	13.6	9.3
Jun	26° / 22°	0	0.1	14	9.3
Jul	28° / 24°	0	0	13.8	8.4
Aug	29° / 25°	0	0.1	13.1	7.9
Sep	28° / 25°	1	0.1	12.2	8.7
Oct	26° / 22°	11	1.9	11.2	8.8
Nov	22° / 18°	22	3.7	10.4	8.2
Dec	19° / 14°	37	5.8	10	7.0

Cloud cover in February

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 60% of the time in February.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 20% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 20%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Clearer (%)	77	77	77	77	77	77	78	78	78	79	79	79	79	79	80	80	80	80	81	82	82	82	83	83	83	83	83	83
Cloudier (%)	23	23	23	23	23	23	22	22	22	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	19	18	18	18	17	17	17	17	17	17

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	77	23
2	77	23
3	77	23
4	77	23
5	77	23
6	77	23
7	78	22
8	78	22
9	78	22
10	79	21
11	79	21
12	79	21
13	79	21
14	79	21
15	80	20
16	80	20
17	80	20
18	80	20
19	81	19
20	82	18
21	82	18
22	82	18
23	83	17
24	83	17
25	83	17
26	83	17
27	83	17
28	83	17

Chance of precipitation in February

Any precipitation

Arīsh gets around 34 mm of rain over 5.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 21% and peaks near 24% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Rain chance (%)	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	23	23	22	22	21	21	20	20	19	19	18	17	17	16	15	15	14	14

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	24
8	24
9	24
10	24
11	23
12	23
13	22
14	22
15	21
16	21
17	20
18	20
19	19
20	19
21	18
22	17
23	17
24	16
25	15
26	15
27	14
28	14

Humidity in February

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 95% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Dry (%)	98	98	98	98	97	97	97	97	96	96	96	96	96	95	95	95	95	95	95	95	95	94	94	94	93	92	92	91
Comfortable (%)	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	7	8	8	9

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	98	2
2	98	2
3	98	2
4	98	2
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	96	4
10	96	4
11	96	4
12	96	4
13	96	4
14	95	5
15	95	5
16	95	5
17	95	5
18	95	5
19	95	5
20	95	5
21	95	5
22	94	6
23	94	6
24	94	6
25	93	7
26	92	8
27	92	8
28	91	9

Wind in February

Winds average 17 km/h in February, the windiest month of the year.

Across February, daily wind ranges from about 17 km/h on the calmest days to 18 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Wind speed (km/h)	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	18	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17	17
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	18	light breeze
2	18	light breeze
3	18	light breeze
4	18	light breeze
5	18	light breeze
6	18	light breeze
7	18	light breeze
8	18	light breeze
9	18	light breeze
10	18	light breeze
11	18	light breeze
12	18	light breeze
13	17	light breeze
14	17	light breeze
15	17	light breeze
16	17	light breeze
17	17	light breeze
18	17	light breeze
19	17	light breeze
20	17	light breeze
21	17	light breeze
22	17	light breeze
23	17	light breeze
24	17	light breeze
25	17	light breeze
26	17	light breeze
27	17	light breeze
28	17	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in February

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 10 h 30 min at the start of February to 11 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 48 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:43 AM to 6:20 AM, and sunset from 5:13 PM to 5:36 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Daylight (h)	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.9	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.3
Sunrise (AM)	6:43	6:43	6:42	6:41	6:41	6:40	6:39	6:39	6:38	6:37	6:37	6:36	6:35	6:34	6:33	6:32	6:31	6:31	6:30	6:29	6:28	6:27	6:26	6:25	6:24	6:23	6:22	6:20
Sunset (PM)	5:13	5:14	5:15	5:16	5:17	5:18	5:19	5:20	5:20	5:21	5:22	5:23	5:24	5:25	5:26	5:26	5:27	5:28	5:29	5:30	5:30	5:31	5:32	5:33	5:34	5:34	5:35	5:36

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	10.5	6:43	5:13
2	10.5	6:43	5:14
3	10.6	6:42	5:15
4	10.6	6:41	5:16
5	10.6	6:41	5:17
6	10.6	6:40	5:18
7	10.7	6:39	5:19
8	10.7	6:39	5:20
9	10.7	6:38	5:20
10	10.7	6:37	5:21
11	10.8	6:37	5:22
12	10.8	6:36	5:23
13	10.8	6:35	5:24
14	10.8	6:34	5:25
15	10.9	6:33	5:26
16	10.9	6:32	5:26
17	10.9	6:31	5:27
18	11.0	6:31	5:28
19	11.0	6:30	5:29
20	11.0	6:29	5:30
21	11.0	6:28	5:30
22	11.1	6:27	5:31
23	11.1	6:26	5:32
24	11.1	6:25	5:33
25	11.2	6:24	5:34
26	11.2	6:23	5:34
27	11.2	6:22	5:35
28	11.3	6:20	5:36

Solar energy in February

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.29 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.12 kWh/m² to a high of 7.75 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 4.29 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	3.8	Moderate
2	3.9	Moderate
3	3.9	Moderate
4	3.9	Moderate
5	3.9	Moderate
6	4.0	Moderate
7	4.0	Bright
8	4.0	Bright
9	4.1	Bright
10	4.1	Bright
11	4.2	Bright
12	4.2	Bright
13	4.2	Bright
14	4.3	Bright
15	4.3	Bright
16	4.3	Bright
17	4.4	Bright
18	4.4	Bright
19	4.5	Bright
20	4.5	Bright
21	4.6	Bright
22	4.6	Bright
23	4.7	Bright
24	4.7	Bright
25	4.8	Bright
26	4.8	Bright
27	4.8	Bright
28	4.9	Bright

Planning a trip in February

Hazard calendar for Arīsh

In seasonPeak

None of Arīsh's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Arīsh sees seasonal dust haze (May), heaviest in May.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is February a good time to visit Arīsh?

Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

6.4

Sightseeing

11th-best month of the year

1.6

Beach & pool

11th-best month of the year

February is a reasonable time to visit Arīsh for sightseeing.

What to pack for Arīsh in February

From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In February, Arīsh sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 13°C. Little to plan around — just the basics. About 6 days see rain.

Sea temperature near Arīsh in February

The nearest coast averages about 17°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea offshore is warmest in August at about 29°C and coldest in February near 17°C.

It's comfortable for a long swim from Apr 25 to Dec 24 — about 8 months when the water holds above 20°C.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	18	17	18	19	22	25	28	29	28	27	24	21
Comfort	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Refreshing	Warm	Warm	Tropical	Tropical	Warm	Refreshing	Refreshing

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	18	Cool
Feb	17	Cool
Mar	18	Cool
Apr	19	Cool
May	22	Refreshing
Jun	25	Warm
Jul	28	Warm
Aug	29	Tropical
Sep	28	Tropical
Oct	27	Warm
Nov	24	Refreshing
Dec	21	Refreshing

UV index in Arīsh in February

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Arīsh peaks around June 16 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 12 at about 3 (moderate).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	3	4	7	8	10	11	10	10	9	6	5	3
Level	Moderate	Moderate	High	Very high	Very high	Extreme	Very high	Extreme	Very high	High	Moderate	Moderate

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	3	Moderate
Feb	4	Moderate
Mar	7	High
Apr	8	Very high
May	10	Very high
Jun	11	Extreme
Jul	10	Very high
Aug	10	Extreme
Sep	9	Very high
Oct	6	High
Nov	5	Moderate
Dec	3	Moderate

Air quality in Arīsh in February

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Arīsh is worst in January — around 27 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.7× the cleanest month (August, 10 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	27	27	25	22	20	13	11	10	10	13	21	24
Level	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Good	Good	Good	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	27	Moderate
Feb	27	Moderate
Mar	25	Moderate
Apr	22	Moderate
May	20	Moderate
Jun	13	Moderate
Jul	11	Good
Aug	10	Good
Sep	10	Good
Oct	13	Moderate
Nov	21	Moderate
Dec	24	Moderate

Location & terrain

Where is Arīsh?

Arīsh sits at 31.1°N, 33.8°E, 15 m above sea level, in Egypt. The nearest listed city is Ash Shaykh Zuwayd, 31 km away.

Topography around Arīsh

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Arīsh.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Arīsh has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 42 m around an average of 13 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 236 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 896 m.

The land around Arīsh is covered by artificial surfaces (46%) and water (25%) within 3 km, bare terrain (47%) and water (44%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (60%) and water (32%) within 80 km.

3 km

42 m

artificial surfaces 46%

16 km

236 m

bare terrain 47%

80 km

896 m

bare terrain 60%

treesshrubsgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwater

← January Arīsh year-round climate March →Best places to visit in February

February weather nearby: Ash Shaykh Zuwayd 31 km · Rafaḩ 45 km · Rafaḩ 46 km · Khān Yūnis 54 km · Banī Suhaylā 55 km · ‘Abasān al Kabīrah 56 km · Al Qarārah 58 km · Dayr al Balaḩ 61 km

Egypt travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / F; 220 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 15% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $3,086; 2025
Happiness: 3.9 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 79%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.3; per 100k, 2017
Road deaths: 10.1; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Lower middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 459
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Arīsh (31.1316°, 33.7984°, elevation 15 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	17	12
2	17	12
3	17	12
4	17	12
5	17	12
6	17	12
7	17	12
8	17	12
9	17	12
10	17	12
11	17	12
12	17	13
13	17	13
14	17	13
15	17	13
16	17	13
17	17	13
18	17	13
19	17	13
20	17	13
21	17	13
22	17	13
23	18	13
24	18	13
25	18	13
26	18	13
27	18	13
28	18	13

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	77	23
2	77	23
3	77	23
4	77	23
5	77	23
6	77	23
7	78	22
8	78	22
9	78	22
10	79	21
11	79	21
12	79	21
13	79	21
14	79	21
15	80	20
16	80	20
17	80	20
18	80	20
19	81	19
20	82	18
21	82	18
22	82	18
23	83	17
24	83	17
25	83	17
26	83	17
27	83	17
28	83	17

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	24
8	24
9	24
10	24
11	23
12	23
13	22
14	22
15	21
16	21
17	20
18	20
19	19
20	19
21	18
22	17
23	17
24	16
25	15
26	15
27	14
28	14

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	98	2
2	98	2
3	98	2
4	98	2
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	96	4
10	96	4
11	96	4
12	96	4
13	96	4
14	95	5
15	95	5
16	95	5
17	95	5
18	95	5
19	95	5
20	95	5
21	95	5
22	94	6
23	94	6
24	94	6
25	93	7
26	92	8
27	92	8
28	91	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	17	12
2	17	12
3	17	12
4	17	12
5	17	12
6	17	12
7	17	12
8	17	12
9	17	12
10	17	12
11	17	12
12	17	13
13	17	13
14	17	13
15	17	13
16	17	13
17	17	13
18	17	13
19	17	13
20	17	13
21	17	13
22	17	13
23	18	13
24	18	13
25	18	13
26	18	13
27	18	13
28	18	13

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	77	23
2	77	23
3	77	23
4	77	23
5	77	23
6	77	23
7	78	22
8	78	22
9	78	22
10	79	21
11	79	21
12	79	21
13	79	21
14	79	21
15	80	20
16	80	20
17	80	20
18	80	20
19	81	19
20	82	18
21	82	18
22	82	18
23	83	17
24	83	17
25	83	17
26	83	17
27	83	17
28	83	17

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	24
8	24
9	24
10	24
11	23
12	23
13	22
14	22
15	21
16	21
17	20
18	20
19	19
20	19
21	18
22	17
23	17
24	16
25	15
26	15
27	14
28	14

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	98	2
2	98	2
3	98	2
4	98	2
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	96	4
10	96	4
11	96	4
12	96	4
13	96	4
14	95	5
15	95	5
16	95	5
17	95	5
18	95	5
19	95	5
20	95	5
21	95	5
22	94	6
23	94	6
24	94	6
25	93	7
26	92	8
27	92	8
28	91	9

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	17	12
2	17	12
3	17	12
4	17	12
5	17	12
6	17	12
7	17	12
8	17	12
9	17	12
10	17	12
11	17	12
12	17	13
13	17	13
14	17	13
15	17	13
16	17	13
17	17	13
18	17	13
19	17	13
20	17	13
21	17	13
22	17	13
23	18	13
24	18	13
25	18	13
26	18	13
27	18	13
28	18	13

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	77	23
2	77	23
3	77	23
4	77	23
5	77	23
6	77	23
7	78	22
8	78	22
9	78	22
10	79	21
11	79	21
12	79	21
13	79	21
14	79	21
15	80	20
16	80	20
17	80	20
18	80	20
19	81	19
20	82	18
21	82	18
22	82	18
23	83	17
24	83	17
25	83	17
26	83	17
27	83	17
28	83	17

	Rain chance (%)
1	24
2	24
3	24
4	24
5	24
6	24
7	24
8	24
9	24
10	24
11	23
12	23
13	22
14	22
15	21
16	21
17	20
18	20
19	19
20	19
21	18
22	17
23	17
24	16
25	15
26	15
27	14
28	14

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	98	2
2	98	2
3	98	2
4	98	2
5	97	3
6	97	3
7	97	3
8	97	3
9	96	4
10	96	4
11	96	4
12	96	4
13	96	4
14	95	5
15	95	5
16	95	5
17	95	5
18	95	5
19	95	5
20	95	5
21	95	5
22	94	6
23	94	6
24	94	6
25	93	7
26	92	8
27	92	8
28	91	9