Ashmūn weather in February
In February, Ashmūn sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 10°C, with 4 mm of rain across 1.1 wet days and about 10.9 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 55% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 36 min at the start of February to 11 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Ashmūn's 10th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ashmūn's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 10°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 4 mm
- 1.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 54 min
- 6:43 AM – 5:38 PM
- Cloud cover
- 36%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.43 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.2
- out of 10
Ashmūn is human settlement.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end.
A typical February day in Ashmūn reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 10°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and about 3°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 10 |
| 2 | 20 | 10 |
| 3 | 20 | 10 |
| 4 | 20 | 10 |
| 5 | 20 | 10 |
| 6 | 20 | 10 |
| 7 | 20 | 10 |
| 8 | 20 | 10 |
| 9 | 20 | 10 |
| 10 | 20 | 10 |
| 11 | 21 | 10 |
| 12 | 21 | 10 |
| 13 | 21 | 10 |
| 14 | 21 | 10 |
| 15 | 21 | 10 |
| 16 | 21 | 10 |
| 17 | 21 | 10 |
| 18 | 21 | 10 |
| 19 | 21 | 11 |
| 20 | 21 | 11 |
| 21 | 22 | 11 |
| 22 | 22 | 11 |
| 23 | 22 | 11 |
| 24 | 22 | 11 |
| 25 | 22 | 11 |
| 26 | 22 | 11 |
| 27 | 22 | 11 |
| 28 | 23 | 11 |
How February really feels in Ashmūn
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Ashmūn weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 10° | 4 | 1 | 10.3 | 7.9 |
| Feb | 21° / 10° | 4 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 8.2 |
| Mar | 24° / 12° | 4 | 0.5 | 11.8 | 9.0 |
| Apr | 28° / 15° | 1 | 0.2 | 12.7 | 7.9 |
| May | 32° / 18° | 0 | 0.2 | 13.5 | 5.4 |
| Jun | 35° / 21° | 0 | 0 | 13.9 | 3.8 |
| Jul | 35° / 23° | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 3.3 |
| Aug | 35° / 23° | 0 | 0 | 13.1 | 3.3 |
| Sep | 34° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 4.3 |
| Oct | 31° / 19° | 1 | 0.3 | 11.3 | 6.3 |
| Nov | 26° / 15° | 3 | 0.5 | 10.5 | 8.7 |
| Dec | 21° / 11° | 2 | 0.6 | 10.1 | 8.4 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 55% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 22%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 |
| Cloudier (%) | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 75 | 25 |
| 2 | 75 | 25 |
| 3 | 74 | 26 |
| 4 | 74 | 26 |
| 5 | 74 | 26 |
| 6 | 74 | 26 |
| 7 | 75 | 25 |
| 8 | 75 | 25 |
| 9 | 75 | 25 |
| 10 | 75 | 25 |
| 11 | 76 | 24 |
| 12 | 76 | 24 |
| 13 | 76 | 24 |
| 14 | 77 | 23 |
| 15 | 77 | 23 |
| 16 | 77 | 23 |
| 17 | 79 | 21 |
| 18 | 79 | 21 |
| 19 | 79 | 21 |
| 20 | 80 | 20 |
| 21 | 80 | 20 |
| 22 | 81 | 19 |
| 23 | 82 | 18 |
| 24 | 82 | 18 |
| 25 | 82 | 18 |
| 26 | 82 | 18 |
| 27 | 83 | 17 |
| 28 | 83 | 17 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Ashmūn gets around 4 mm of rain over 1.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 4% and peaks near 5% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 5 |
| 7 | 5 |
| 8 | 4 |
| 9 | 4 |
| 10 | 4 |
| 11 | 4 |
| 12 | 4 |
| 13 | 4 |
| 14 | 3 |
| 15 | 3 |
| 16 | 3 |
| 17 | 3 |
| 18 | 3 |
| 19 | 3 |
| 20 | 3 |
| 21 | 3 |
| 22 | 3 |
| 23 | 3 |
| 24 | 3 |
| 25 | 3 |
| 26 | 3 |
| 27 | 3 |
| 28 | 3 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
Wind in February
Winds average 12 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | calm |
| 2 | 12 | calm |
| 3 | 12 | calm |
| 4 | 12 | calm |
| 5 | 12 | calm |
| 6 | 12 | calm |
| 7 | 12 | calm |
| 8 | 12 | calm |
| 9 | 12 | calm |
| 10 | 12 | calm |
| 11 | 12 | calm |
| 12 | 12 | calm |
| 13 | 12 | calm |
| 14 | 12 | calm |
| 15 | 12 | calm |
| 16 | 12 | calm |
| 17 | 12 | calm |
| 18 | 12 | calm |
| 19 | 12 | calm |
| 20 | 12 | calm |
| 21 | 12 | calm |
| 22 | 12 | calm |
| 23 | 12 | calm |
| 24 | 12 | calm |
| 25 | 12 | calm |
| 26 | 12 | calm |
| 27 | 12 | calm |
| 28 | 12 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 36 min at the start of February to 11 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 42 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:53 AM to 6:31 AM, and sunset from 5:26 PM to 5:48 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:31 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.6 | 6:53 | 5:26 |
| 2 | 10.6 | 6:52 | 5:27 |
| 3 | 10.6 | 6:52 | 5:28 |
| 4 | 10.6 | 6:51 | 5:29 |
| 5 | 10.6 | 6:51 | 5:30 |
| 6 | 10.7 | 6:50 | 5:30 |
| 7 | 10.7 | 6:49 | 5:31 |
| 8 | 10.7 | 6:49 | 5:32 |
| 9 | 10.7 | 6:48 | 5:33 |
| 10 | 10.8 | 6:47 | 5:34 |
| 11 | 10.8 | 6:47 | 5:35 |
| 12 | 10.8 | 6:46 | 5:36 |
| 13 | 10.9 | 6:45 | 5:36 |
| 14 | 10.9 | 6:44 | 5:37 |
| 15 | 10.9 | 6:43 | 5:38 |
| 16 | 10.9 | 6:43 | 5:39 |
| 17 | 11.0 | 6:42 | 5:40 |
| 18 | 11.0 | 6:41 | 5:40 |
| 19 | 11.0 | 6:40 | 5:41 |
| 20 | 11.0 | 6:39 | 5:42 |
| 21 | 11.1 | 6:38 | 5:43 |
| 22 | 11.1 | 6:37 | 5:43 |
| 23 | 11.1 | 6:36 | 5:44 |
| 24 | 11.2 | 6:35 | 5:45 |
| 25 | 11.2 | 6:34 | 5:46 |
| 26 | 11.2 | 6:33 | 5:46 |
| 27 | 11.3 | 6:32 | 5:47 |
| 28 | 11.3 | 6:31 | 5:48 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.43 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.26 kWh/m² to a high of 7.96 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 4.43 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 2 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.0 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Ashmūn
None of Ashmūn's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Ashmūn sees seasonal dust haze (April–May), heaviest in May.
Is February a good time to visit Ashmūn?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Ashmūn for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Ashmūn in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Ashmūn sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 10°C. Little to plan around — just the basics.
UV index in Ashmūn in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ashmūn peaks around June 16 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 12 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 7 | High |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 7 | High |
| Nov | 5 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Ashmūn in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Ashmūn is worst in January — around 88 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 2.7× the cleanest month (July, 32 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 88 | 81 | 71 | 59 | 51 | 39 | 32 | 34 | 40 | 50 | 72 | 81 |
| Level | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 88 | Unhealthy |
| Feb | 81 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 71 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 59 | Unhealthy |
| May | 51 | Poor |
| Jun | 39 | Poor |
| Jul | 32 | Moderate |
| Aug | 34 | Moderate |
| Sep | 40 | Poor |
| Oct | 50 | Poor |
| Nov | 72 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 81 | Unhealthy |
Where is Ashmūn?
Ashmūn sits at 30.3°N, 31.0°E, 19 m above sea level, in Egypt. The nearest listed city is Al Bājūr, 16 km away.
Topography around Ashmūn
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ashmūn.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ashmūn has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 20 m around an average of 14 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 129 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 598 m.
The land around Ashmūn is covered by cropland (70%) and artificial surfaces (21%) within 3 km, cropland (55%) within 16 km, and cropland (42%) and bare terrain (38%) within 80 km.
Egypt travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 15% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,086
- 2025
- Happiness
- 3.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 79%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2017
- Road deaths
- 10.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 459
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ashmūn (30.2974°, 30.9764°, elevation 19 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).