Debre Birhan weather in November
In November, Debre Birhan sees average daytime highs of 19°C and overnight lows near 7°C, with 23 mm of rain across 4.2 wet days and about 11.6 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 55% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Debre Birhan's 1st-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Debre Birhan's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 19°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 7°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 23 mm
- 4.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 30 min
- 6:21 AM – 5:54 PM
- Cloud cover
- 36%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.1 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.4
- out of 10
Debre Birhan is city in Ethiopia.
- Density
- 9,986/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1456
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 19°C through the month.
A typical November day in Debre Birhan reaches about 19°C in the afternoon and slips back to 7°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 21°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 8 |
| 2 | 19 | 8 |
| 3 | 19 | 7 |
| 4 | 19 | 7 |
| 5 | 19 | 7 |
| 6 | 19 | 7 |
| 7 | 19 | 7 |
| 8 | 19 | 7 |
| 9 | 19 | 7 |
| 10 | 19 | 7 |
| 11 | 19 | 7 |
| 12 | 19 | 7 |
| 13 | 19 | 7 |
| 14 | 19 | 7 |
| 15 | 19 | 7 |
| 16 | 19 | 7 |
| 17 | 19 | 7 |
| 18 | 19 | 7 |
| 19 | 19 | 7 |
| 20 | 19 | 7 |
| 21 | 19 | 7 |
| 22 | 19 | 7 |
| 23 | 19 | 7 |
| 24 | 19 | 7 |
| 25 | 19 | 7 |
| 26 | 19 | 7 |
| 27 | 19 | 7 |
| 28 | 19 | 7 |
| 29 | 19 | 7 |
| 30 | 19 | 7 |
Debre Birhan weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 7th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19° / 7° | 49 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 6.6 |
| Feb | 20° / 8° | 56 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 6.6 |
| Mar | 21° / 9° | 152 | 15.5 | 11.9 | 5.8 |
| Apr | 21° / 10° | 161 | 16 | 12.2 | 5.6 |
| May | 21° / 10° | 78 | 9.3 | 12.4 | 6.7 |
| Jun | 21° / 10° | 113 | 12 | 12.6 | 6.2 |
| Jul | 18° / 10° | 484 | 29.6 | 12.5 | 3.3 |
| Aug | 17° / 10° | 579 | 30.6 | 12.3 | 3.1 |
| Sep | 18° / 9° | 252 | 21.7 | 12.1 | 4.4 |
| Oct | 19° / 8° | 47 | 6.4 | 11.8 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 19° / 7° | 23 | 4.2 | 11.6 | 7.4 |
| Dec | 19° / 7° | 17 | 4 | 11.4 | 7.3 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 55% of the time in November, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 22%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 |
| Cloudier (%) | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 76 | 24 |
| 2 | 77 | 23 |
| 3 | 77 | 23 |
| 4 | 77 | 23 |
| 5 | 77 | 23 |
| 6 | 78 | 22 |
| 7 | 78 | 22 |
| 8 | 78 | 22 |
| 9 | 78 | 22 |
| 10 | 79 | 21 |
| 11 | 79 | 21 |
| 12 | 79 | 21 |
| 13 | 79 | 21 |
| 14 | 79 | 21 |
| 15 | 80 | 20 |
| 16 | 79 | 21 |
| 17 | 79 | 21 |
| 18 | 79 | 21 |
| 19 | 78 | 22 |
| 20 | 78 | 22 |
| 21 | 78 | 22 |
| 22 | 77 | 23 |
| 23 | 77 | 23 |
| 24 | 77 | 23 |
| 25 | 77 | 23 |
| 26 | 76 | 24 |
| 27 | 76 | 24 |
| 28 | 77 | 23 |
| 29 | 77 | 23 |
| 30 | 77 | 23 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Debre Birhan gets around 23 mm of rain over 4.2 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 14% and peaks near 16% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 11 |
| 2 | 11 |
| 3 | 11 |
| 4 | 11 |
| 5 | 11 |
| 6 | 11 |
| 7 | 12 |
| 8 | 12 |
| 9 | 13 |
| 10 | 13 |
| 11 | 13 |
| 12 | 14 |
| 13 | 14 |
| 14 | 14 |
| 15 | 14 |
| 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 15 |
| 18 | 15 |
| 19 | 15 |
| 20 | 16 |
| 21 | 16 |
| 22 | 16 |
| 23 | 16 |
| 24 | 15 |
| 25 | 15 |
| 26 | 15 |
| 27 | 15 |
| 28 | 15 |
| 29 | 15 |
| 30 | 14 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 8 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 11 h 42 min at the start of November to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:16 AM to 6:27 AM, and sunset from 5:55 PM to 5:56 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.7 | 6:16 | 5:55 |
| 2 | 11.6 | 6:16 | 5:55 |
| 3 | 11.6 | 6:16 | 5:55 |
| 4 | 11.6 | 6:17 | 5:54 |
| 5 | 11.6 | 6:17 | 5:54 |
| 6 | 11.6 | 6:17 | 5:54 |
| 7 | 11.6 | 6:18 | 5:54 |
| 8 | 11.6 | 6:18 | 5:54 |
| 9 | 11.6 | 6:18 | 5:54 |
| 10 | 11.6 | 6:18 | 5:54 |
| 11 | 11.6 | 6:19 | 5:54 |
| 12 | 11.6 | 6:19 | 5:54 |
| 13 | 11.6 | 6:20 | 5:54 |
| 14 | 11.6 | 6:20 | 5:54 |
| 15 | 11.6 | 6:20 | 5:54 |
| 16 | 11.5 | 6:21 | 5:54 |
| 17 | 11.5 | 6:21 | 5:54 |
| 18 | 11.5 | 6:21 | 5:54 |
| 19 | 11.5 | 6:22 | 5:54 |
| 20 | 11.5 | 6:22 | 5:54 |
| 21 | 11.5 | 6:23 | 5:54 |
| 22 | 11.5 | 6:23 | 5:54 |
| 23 | 11.5 | 6:24 | 5:54 |
| 24 | 11.5 | 6:24 | 5:54 |
| 25 | 11.5 | 6:25 | 5:55 |
| 26 | 11.5 | 6:25 | 5:55 |
| 27 | 11.5 | 6:25 | 5:55 |
| 28 | 11.5 | 6:26 | 5:55 |
| 29 | 11.5 | 6:26 | 5:55 |
| 30 | 11.5 | 6:27 | 5:56 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.1 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.5 kWh/m² to a high of 6.4 kWh/m² in April across the year — November's 6.1 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 23 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.9 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Debre Birhan
None of Debre Birhan's seasonal hazards are active in November. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Debre Birhan's monsoon runs July–August, when most of the year's rain falls.
Debre Birhan sees seasonal dust haze (June–July), heaviest in June.
Is November a good time to visit Debre Birhan?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is one of the better times to visit Debre Birhan for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Debre Birhan in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Debre Birhan sees daytime highs around 19°C and nights near 7°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer. About 4 days see rain.
UV index in Debre Birhan in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Debre Birhan peaks around March 19 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 10 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 15 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Debre Birhan in November
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Debre Birhan is worst in June — around 43 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 1.7× the cleanest month (November, 25 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 27 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 32 | 43 | 37 | 34 | 38 | 28 | 25 | 26 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | Moderate |
| Feb | 28 | Moderate |
| Mar | 30 | Moderate |
| Apr | 28 | Moderate |
| May | 32 | Moderate |
| Jun | 43 | Poor |
| Jul | 37 | Poor |
| Aug | 34 | Moderate |
| Sep | 38 | Poor |
| Oct | 28 | Moderate |
| Nov | 25 | Moderate |
| Dec | 26 | Moderate |
Where is Debre Birhan?
Debre Birhan sits at 9.7°N, 39.5°E, 2,830 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Sheno, 47 km away.
Topography around Debre Birhan
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Debre Birhan.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Debre Birhan has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 459 m around an average of 2,763 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,339 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,027 m.
The land around Debre Birhan is covered by cropland (52%) and artificial surfaces (25%) within 3 km, cropland (73%) within 16 km, and cropland (51%) and shrubs (33%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Debre Birhan (9.6795°, 39.5326°, elevation 2,830 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).