Goba weather in April
In April, Goba sees average daytime highs of 18°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 277 mm of rain across 25 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in April, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of April to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, April is Goba's 12th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Goba's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 18°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 277 mm
- 25 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:16 AM – 6:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 76%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.59 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.7
- out of 10
Goba is city in Ethiopia.
- Density
- 3,300/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1900
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in April
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month.
A typical April day in Goba reaches about 18°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, April runs about 1°C cooler than March and on par with May.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg low (°C) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | 9 |
| 2 | 18 | 9 |
| 3 | 18 | 9 |
| 4 | 18 | 9 |
| 5 | 18 | 9 |
| 6 | 18 | 9 |
| 7 | 18 | 9 |
| 8 | 18 | 9 |
| 9 | 18 | 9 |
| 10 | 18 | 9 |
| 11 | 18 | 9 |
| 12 | 18 | 9 |
| 13 | 18 | 9 |
| 14 | 18 | 9 |
| 15 | 18 | 9 |
| 16 | 18 | 9 |
| 17 | 18 | 9 |
| 18 | 18 | 9 |
| 19 | 18 | 10 |
| 20 | 18 | 10 |
| 21 | 18 | 10 |
| 22 | 18 | 10 |
| 23 | 18 | 10 |
| 24 | 18 | 10 |
| 25 | 18 | 10 |
| 26 | 18 | 10 |
| 27 | 18 | 10 |
| 28 | 18 | 10 |
| 29 | 18 | 10 |
| 30 | 18 | 10 |
Goba weather by month
How April compares with the rest of the year at a glance. April is the 4th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18° / 7° | 65 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 5.9 |
| Feb | 19° / 8° | 70 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 6.1 |
| Mar | 19° / 9° | 177 | 18.5 | 12 | 4.9 |
| Apr | 18° / 9° | 277 | 25 | 12.1 | 3.7 |
| May | 18° / 10° | 173 | 22.1 | 12.3 | 4.2 |
| Jun | 18° / 10° | 146 | 22.5 | 12.4 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 17° / 9° | 268 | 29.7 | 12.4 | 3.0 |
| Aug | 17° / 9° | 285 | 30.2 | 12.2 | 2.9 |
| Sep | 17° / 9° | 246 | 27.8 | 12 | 3.2 |
| Oct | 16° / 9° | 217 | 24.1 | 11.8 | 3.5 |
| Nov | 17° / 8° | 97 | 15.4 | 11.7 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 17° / 7° | 55 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 5.5 |
Cloud cover in April
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in April, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of April, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 79%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 32 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 |
| Cloudier (%) | 68 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 81 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 68 |
| 2 | 32 | 68 |
| 3 | 31 | 69 |
| 4 | 30 | 70 |
| 5 | 29 | 71 |
| 6 | 28 | 72 |
| 7 | 27 | 73 |
| 8 | 26 | 74 |
| 9 | 25 | 75 |
| 10 | 25 | 75 |
| 11 | 24 | 76 |
| 12 | 22 | 78 |
| 13 | 20 | 80 |
| 14 | 20 | 80 |
| 15 | 19 | 81 |
| 16 | 18 | 82 |
| 17 | 18 | 82 |
| 18 | 17 | 83 |
| 19 | 16 | 84 |
| 20 | 15 | 85 |
| 21 | 15 | 85 |
| 22 | 15 | 85 |
| 23 | 15 | 85 |
| 24 | 15 | 85 |
| 25 | 16 | 84 |
| 26 | 16 | 84 |
| 27 | 17 | 83 |
| 28 | 18 | 82 |
| 29 | 18 | 82 |
| 30 | 19 | 81 |
Chance of precipitation in April
Goba gets around 277 mm of rain over 25 wet days in April. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 83% and peaks near 86% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 75 |
| 2 | 76 |
| 3 | 77 |
| 4 | 78 |
| 5 | 79 |
| 6 | 79 |
| 7 | 80 |
| 8 | 81 |
| 9 | 81 |
| 10 | 82 |
| 11 | 83 |
| 12 | 84 |
| 13 | 84 |
| 14 | 85 |
| 15 | 85 |
| 16 | 86 |
| 17 | 86 |
| 18 | 86 |
| 19 | 86 |
| 20 | 86 |
| 21 | 86 |
| 22 | 86 |
| 23 | 86 |
| 24 | 85 |
| 25 | 85 |
| 26 | 84 |
| 27 | 84 |
| 28 | 83 |
| 29 | 83 |
| 30 | 82 |
Humidity in April
Most of April feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, April lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in April
Winds average 5 km/h in April.
Across April, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in April
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of April to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over April. Sunrise moves from 6:23 AM to 6:10 AM, and sunset from 6:26 PM to 6:25 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:23 | 6:26 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:22 | 6:26 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:22 | 6:26 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:21 | 6:26 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:21 | 6:26 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:20 | 6:26 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:20 | 6:26 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:19 | 6:26 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:19 | 6:26 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:25 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:25 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:25 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:25 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:25 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 6:16 | 6:25 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:16 | 6:25 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:15 | 6:25 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:15 | 6:25 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:14 | 6:25 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:14 | 6:25 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:14 | 6:25 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:13 | 6:25 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:13 | 6:25 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:12 | 6:25 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:12 | 6:25 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:12 | 6:25 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:11 | 6:25 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:11 | 6:25 |
| 29 | 12.2 | 6:11 | 6:25 |
| 30 | 12.2 | 6:10 | 6:25 |
Solar energy in April
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in April, about 5.59 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.74 kWh/m² to a high of 6.54 kWh/m² in February across the year — April's 5.59 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.3 | Bright |
Is April a good time to visit Goba?
Our two travel scores rate April for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
April is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Goba.
What to pack for Goba in April
From April's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In April, Goba sees daytime highs around 18°C and nights near 9°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 25 days see rain.
UV index in Goba in April
Clear-sky midday UV in April peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Goba peaks around March 17 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near November 22 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 17 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 15 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Air quality in Goba in April
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where April falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Goba is worst in June — around 20 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.3× the cleanest month (January, 9 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 9 | 10 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 10 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | Good |
| Feb | 10 | Good |
| Mar | 17 | Moderate |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 15 | Moderate |
| Jun | 20 | Moderate |
| Jul | 18 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 14 | Moderate |
| Oct | 15 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Where is Goba?
Goba sits at 7.0°N, 40.0°E, 2,682 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Bale Robe, 12 km away.
Topography around Goba
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Goba.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Goba has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 289 m around an average of 2,666 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,874 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,571 m.
The land around Goba is covered by cropland (49%) and trees (28%) within 3 km, cropland (54%) and grassland (22%) within 16 km, and cropland (38%), shrubs (26%) and trees (21%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Goba (7.0167°, 39.9833°, elevation 2,682 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).