Kele weather in February
In February, Kele sees average daytime highs of 31°C and overnight lows near 17°C, with 19 mm of rain across 3.4 wet days and about 11.8 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 42 min at the start of February to 11 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Kele's 3rd-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Kele's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 31°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 17°
- 7th coldest
- Rainfall
- 19 mm
- 3.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 48 min
- 6:48 AM – 6:37 PM
- Cloud cover
- 50%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.24 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.5
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month.
A typical February day in Kele reaches about 31°C in the afternoon and slips back to 17°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 16 |
| 2 | 30 | 16 |
| 3 | 30 | 16 |
| 4 | 30 | 16 |
| 5 | 30 | 16 |
| 6 | 30 | 16 |
| 7 | 30 | 16 |
| 8 | 30 | 16 |
| 9 | 30 | 16 |
| 10 | 30 | 17 |
| 11 | 30 | 17 |
| 12 | 30 | 17 |
| 13 | 31 | 17 |
| 14 | 31 | 17 |
| 15 | 31 | 17 |
| 16 | 31 | 17 |
| 17 | 31 | 17 |
| 18 | 31 | 17 |
| 19 | 31 | 17 |
| 20 | 31 | 17 |
| 21 | 31 | 17 |
| 22 | 31 | 17 |
| 23 | 31 | 17 |
| 24 | 31 | 17 |
| 25 | 31 | 17 |
| 26 | 31 | 17 |
| 27 | 31 | 17 |
| 28 | 31 | 17 |
Kele weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 16° | 20 | 3.3 | 11.7 | 6.3 |
| Feb | 31° / 17° | 19 | 3.4 | 11.8 | 5.5 |
| Mar | 30° / 18° | 78 | 10.9 | 12 | 4.7 |
| Apr | 28° / 18° | 190 | 21.4 | 12.1 | 4.3 |
| May | 26° / 17° | 191 | 25 | 12.3 | 4.4 |
| Jun | 25° / 17° | 47 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 6.4 |
| Jul | 24° / 17° | 38 | 9.1 | 12.3 | 6.8 |
| Aug | 25° / 17° | 36 | 9.7 | 12.2 | 6.6 |
| Sep | 26° / 17° | 74 | 14.1 | 12 | 5.9 |
| Oct | 26° / 17° | 191 | 24.2 | 11.9 | 4.5 |
| Nov | 27° / 16° | 107 | 12.6 | 11.7 | 6.1 |
| Dec | 28° / 15° | 27 | 4.2 | 11.7 | 7.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 38% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 27% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 35%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 61 |
| Cloudier (%) | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 39 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 70 | 30 |
| 2 | 69 | 31 |
| 3 | 69 | 31 |
| 4 | 68 | 32 |
| 5 | 68 | 32 |
| 6 | 67 | 33 |
| 7 | 67 | 33 |
| 8 | 66 | 34 |
| 9 | 65 | 35 |
| 10 | 65 | 35 |
| 11 | 64 | 36 |
| 12 | 65 | 35 |
| 13 | 65 | 35 |
| 14 | 64 | 36 |
| 15 | 64 | 36 |
| 16 | 63 | 37 |
| 17 | 63 | 37 |
| 18 | 63 | 37 |
| 19 | 63 | 37 |
| 20 | 64 | 36 |
| 21 | 64 | 36 |
| 22 | 63 | 37 |
| 23 | 63 | 37 |
| 24 | 63 | 37 |
| 25 | 62 | 38 |
| 26 | 63 | 37 |
| 27 | 62 | 38 |
| 28 | 61 | 39 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Kele gets around 19 mm of rain over 3.4 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 13% and peaks near 17% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 12 |
| 2 | 12 |
| 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 12 |
| 6 | 12 |
| 7 | 12 |
| 8 | 12 |
| 9 | 12 |
| 10 | 12 |
| 11 | 12 |
| 12 | 12 |
| 13 | 12 |
| 14 | 12 |
| 15 | 12 |
| 16 | 12 |
| 17 | 12 |
| 18 | 12 |
| 19 | 12 |
| 20 | 13 |
| 21 | 13 |
| 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 14 |
| 24 | 14 |
| 25 | 15 |
| 26 | 16 |
| 27 | 17 |
| 28 | 17 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 76% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 |
| Comfortable (%) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Humid (%) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 2 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 3 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 4 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 5 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 6 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 7 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 8 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 9 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 10 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 11 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 12 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 13 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 14 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 15 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 16 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 17 | 76 | 17 | 7 |
| 18 | 77 | 16 | 7 |
| 19 | 76 | 16 | 8 |
| 20 | 76 | 16 | 8 |
| 21 | 76 | 16 | 8 |
| 22 | 76 | 16 | 8 |
| 23 | 75 | 16 | 9 |
| 24 | 75 | 16 | 9 |
| 25 | 74 | 16 | 10 |
| 26 | 74 | 16 | 10 |
| 27 | 73 | 16 | 11 |
| 28 | 72 | 16 | 12 |
Wind in February
Winds average 4 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 h 42 min at the start of February to 11 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:49 AM to 6:45 AM, and sunset from 6:34 PM to 6:37 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:45 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.7 | 6:49 | 6:34 |
| 2 | 11.7 | 6:49 | 6:34 |
| 3 | 11.7 | 6:49 | 6:34 |
| 4 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:34 |
| 5 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:35 |
| 6 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:35 |
| 7 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:35 |
| 8 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:35 |
| 9 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:35 |
| 10 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:36 |
| 11 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:36 |
| 12 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:36 |
| 13 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:36 |
| 14 | 11.8 | 6:49 | 6:36 |
| 15 | 11.8 | 6:48 | 6:37 |
| 16 | 11.8 | 6:48 | 6:37 |
| 17 | 11.8 | 6:48 | 6:37 |
| 18 | 11.8 | 6:48 | 6:37 |
| 19 | 11.8 | 6:48 | 6:37 |
| 20 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:37 |
| 21 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:37 |
| 22 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:37 |
| 23 | 11.8 | 6:47 | 6:37 |
| 24 | 11.8 | 6:46 | 6:37 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 6:46 | 6:37 |
| 26 | 11.9 | 6:46 | 6:37 |
| 27 | 11.9 | 6:46 | 6:37 |
| 28 | 11.9 | 6:45 | 6:37 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.24 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.1 kWh/m² to a high of 6.24 kWh/m² in February across the year — February's 6.24 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.3 | Intense |
Is February a good time to visit Kele?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Kele for sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Kele in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Kele sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 17°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Kele in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Kele peaks around March 15 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near November 22 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Kele in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Kele is worst in December — around 36 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 1.6× the cleanest month (August, 22 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 33 | 32 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 28 | 27 | 22 | 24 | 27 | 33 | 36 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 33 | Moderate |
| Feb | 32 | Moderate |
| Mar | 27 | Moderate |
| Apr | 25 | Moderate |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 28 | Moderate |
| Jul | 27 | Moderate |
| Aug | 22 | Moderate |
| Sep | 24 | Moderate |
| Oct | 27 | Moderate |
| Nov | 33 | Moderate |
| Dec | 36 | Poor |
Where is Kele?
Kele sits at 6.1°N, 38.0°E, 1,533 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Yirga Ch’efē, 21 km away.
Topography around Kele
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Kele.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Kele has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 319 m around an average of 1,438 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,123 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,644 m.
The land around Kele is covered by shrubs (49%), trees (25%) and cropland (20%) within 3 km, shrubs (41%) and trees (38%) within 16 km, and trees (33%) and shrubs (32%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Kele (6.0833°, 38.0333°, elevation 1,533 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).