Negēlē weather in September
In September, Negēlē sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 18°C, with 27 mm of rain across 4.5 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in September, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Negēlē's 6th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Negēlē's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 18°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 27 mm
- 4.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:15 AM – 6:17 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.03 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.1
- out of 10
Negēlē is town in southern Ethiopia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical September day in Negēlē reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 18°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 1°C warmer than August and about 1°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 17 |
| 2 | 26 | 17 |
| 3 | 26 | 17 |
| 4 | 26 | 17 |
| 5 | 26 | 17 |
| 6 | 26 | 17 |
| 7 | 27 | 17 |
| 8 | 27 | 17 |
| 9 | 27 | 17 |
| 10 | 27 | 17 |
| 11 | 27 | 18 |
| 12 | 27 | 18 |
| 13 | 27 | 18 |
| 14 | 27 | 18 |
| 15 | 27 | 18 |
| 16 | 27 | 18 |
| 17 | 27 | 18 |
| 18 | 27 | 18 |
| 19 | 27 | 18 |
| 20 | 27 | 18 |
| 21 | 27 | 18 |
| 22 | 27 | 18 |
| 23 | 27 | 18 |
| 24 | 27 | 18 |
| 25 | 27 | 18 |
| 26 | 27 | 18 |
| 27 | 27 | 18 |
| 28 | 26 | 18 |
| 29 | 26 | 18 |
| 30 | 26 | 18 |
Negēlē weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 6th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 18° | 10 | 1.4 | 11.7 | 6.2 |
| Feb | 31° / 19° | 12 | 1.3 | 11.8 | 5.5 |
| Mar | 30° / 19° | 73 | 8.4 | 12 | 5.2 |
| Apr | 27° / 18° | 219 | 22.9 | 12.1 | 4.4 |
| May | 25° / 18° | 141 | 21.8 | 12.2 | 5.0 |
| Jun | 24° / 17° | 19 | 6 | 12.3 | 7.2 |
| Jul | 24° / 17° | 13 | 4.4 | 12.3 | 7.3 |
| Aug | 25° / 17° | 11 | 3 | 12.2 | 7.4 |
| Sep | 27° / 18° | 27 | 4.5 | 12 | 7.1 |
| Oct | 26° / 17° | 207 | 22.5 | 11.9 | 4.9 |
| Nov | 26° / 16° | 94 | 13 | 11.8 | 6.1 |
| Dec | 29° / 17° | 16 | 3 | 11.7 | 7.0 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 26% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 32 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 42 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 35 |
| Cloudier (%) | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 68 | 67 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 60 | 59 | 57 | 58 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 | 71 |
| 2 | 29 | 71 |
| 3 | 30 | 70 |
| 4 | 30 | 70 |
| 5 | 32 | 68 |
| 6 | 33 | 67 |
| 7 | 35 | 65 |
| 8 | 36 | 64 |
| 9 | 38 | 62 |
| 10 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 41 | 59 |
| 12 | 43 | 57 |
| 13 | 42 | 58 |
| 14 | 44 | 56 |
| 15 | 44 | 56 |
| 16 | 45 | 55 |
| 17 | 45 | 55 |
| 18 | 45 | 55 |
| 19 | 44 | 56 |
| 20 | 44 | 56 |
| 21 | 44 | 56 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 43 | 57 |
| 24 | 42 | 58 |
| 25 | 39 | 61 |
| 26 | 39 | 61 |
| 27 | 38 | 62 |
| 28 | 37 | 63 |
| 29 | 36 | 64 |
| 30 | 35 | 65 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Negēlē gets around 27 mm of rain over 4.5 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 17% and peaks near 41% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 41 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 9 |
| 3 | 9 |
| 4 | 9 |
| 5 | 9 |
| 6 | 9 |
| 7 | 10 |
| 8 | 10 |
| 9 | 10 |
| 10 | 10 |
| 11 | 11 |
| 12 | 11 |
| 13 | 12 |
| 14 | 12 |
| 15 | 13 |
| 16 | 13 |
| 17 | 14 |
| 18 | 14 |
| 19 | 15 |
| 20 | 16 |
| 21 | 18 |
| 22 | 20 |
| 23 | 21 |
| 24 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 |
| 26 | 29 |
| 27 | 32 |
| 28 | 35 |
| 29 | 38 |
| 30 | 41 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the comfortable band about 46% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 41 | 39 | 37 | 35 | 32 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 22 | 19 | 17 |
| Comfortable (%) | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 |
| Humid (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 33 | 37 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | 42 | 1 |
| 2 | 57 | 42 | 1 |
| 3 | 57 | 42 | 1 |
| 4 | 56 | 42 | 2 |
| 5 | 56 | 42 | 2 |
| 6 | 55 | 43 | 2 |
| 7 | 55 | 43 | 2 |
| 8 | 55 | 43 | 2 |
| 9 | 54 | 44 | 2 |
| 10 | 53 | 44 | 3 |
| 11 | 53 | 44 | 3 |
| 12 | 52 | 45 | 3 |
| 13 | 51 | 45 | 4 |
| 14 | 50 | 46 | 4 |
| 15 | 49 | 46 | 5 |
| 16 | 48 | 47 | 5 |
| 17 | 46 | 48 | 6 |
| 18 | 45 | 48 | 7 |
| 19 | 43 | 49 | 8 |
| 20 | 41 | 49 | 10 |
| 21 | 39 | 50 | 11 |
| 22 | 37 | 50 | 13 |
| 23 | 35 | 50 | 15 |
| 24 | 32 | 50 | 18 |
| 25 | 30 | 50 | 21 |
| 26 | 27 | 50 | 23 |
| 27 | 24 | 49 | 27 |
| 28 | 22 | 48 | 30 |
| 29 | 19 | 47 | 33 |
| 30 | 17 | 46 | 37 |
Wind in September
Winds average 10 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:18 AM to 6:12 AM, and sunset from 6:24 PM to 6:10 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:10 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:24 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:24 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:23 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:23 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:18 | 6:23 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:22 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:22 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:21 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:17 | 6:20 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:16 | 6:20 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:16 | 6:19 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:16 | 6:19 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:16 | 6:18 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:16 | 6:18 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:15 | 6:17 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:15 | 6:17 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:15 | 6:16 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:15 | 6:16 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:14 | 6:15 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:14 | 6:15 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:14 | 6:14 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:14 | 6:14 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:14 | 6:13 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:13 | 6:13 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:13 | 6:12 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:13 | 6:12 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:13 | 6:11 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:13 | 6:11 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 6:12 | 6:10 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 6:12 | 6:10 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.03 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.73 kWh/m² to a high of 6.62 kWh/m² in February across the year — September's 5.03 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.9 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Negēlē
None of Negēlē's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Negēlē's rainy season runs April–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is September a good time to visit Negēlē?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Negēlē for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Negēlē in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Negēlē sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 18°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 5 days see rain.
UV index in Negēlē in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Negēlē peaks around March 18 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 14 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 11 | Extreme |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Where is Negēlē?
Negēlē sits at 5.3°N, 39.6°E, 1,540 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Shakiso, 90 km away.
Topography around Negēlē
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Negēlē.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Negēlē has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 192 m around an average of 1,502 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 487 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,616 m.
The land around Negēlē is covered by cropland (37%) and grassland (33%) within 3 km, cropland (40%) and grassland (39%) within 16 km, and shrubs (66%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Negēlē (5.3167°, 39.5833°, elevation 1,540 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).