Weldiya weather in February
In February, Weldiya sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 76 mm of rain across 11.9 wet days and about 11.6 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 30 min at the start of February to 11 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Weldiya's 7th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Weldiya's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 21°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 76 mm
- 11.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 36 min
- 6:48 AM – 6:25 PM
- Cloud cover
- 47%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.97 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 6.2
- out of 10
Weldiya is city in Amhara, Ethiopia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 21°C through the month.
A typical February day in Weldiya reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 18°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg low (°C) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 9 |
| 2 | 20 | 9 |
| 3 | 20 | 9 |
| 4 | 20 | 9 |
| 5 | 20 | 9 |
| 6 | 20 | 9 |
| 7 | 20 | 9 |
| 8 | 20 | 9 |
| 9 | 20 | 9 |
| 10 | 20 | 9 |
| 11 | 21 | 9 |
| 12 | 21 | 9 |
| 13 | 21 | 9 |
| 14 | 21 | 9 |
| 15 | 21 | 10 |
| 16 | 21 | 10 |
| 17 | 21 | 10 |
| 18 | 21 | 10 |
| 19 | 21 | 10 |
| 20 | 21 | 10 |
| 21 | 21 | 10 |
| 22 | 21 | 10 |
| 23 | 21 | 10 |
| 24 | 21 | 10 |
| 25 | 21 | 10 |
| 26 | 21 | 10 |
| 27 | 21 | 10 |
| 28 | 21 | 10 |
Weldiya weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 9th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 20° / 9° | 69 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 6.1 |
| Feb | 21° / 9° | 76 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 6.2 |
| Mar | 21° / 11° | 189 | 19.6 | 11.9 | 5.3 |
| Apr | 21° / 11° | 167 | 18.1 | 12.3 | 5.5 |
| May | 23° / 12° | 60 | 9.3 | 12.5 | 7.2 |
| Jun | 24° / 12° | 36 | 6.2 | 12.7 | 7.8 |
| Jul | 22° / 12° | 288 | 22.9 | 12.6 | 4.9 |
| Aug | 21° / 11° | 253 | 24.4 | 12.4 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 22° / 12° | 43 | 9.6 | 12.1 | 6.8 |
| Oct | 21° / 11° | 25 | 5.3 | 11.7 | 7.5 |
| Nov | 20° / 9° | 34 | 5.8 | 11.5 | 7.4 |
| Dec | 20° / 8° | 39 | 6.9 | 11.3 | 7.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 37%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 64 |
| Cloudier (%) | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 36 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 64 | 36 |
| 2 | 64 | 36 |
| 3 | 64 | 36 |
| 4 | 65 | 35 |
| 5 | 65 | 35 |
| 6 | 64 | 36 |
| 7 | 64 | 36 |
| 8 | 63 | 37 |
| 9 | 63 | 37 |
| 10 | 63 | 37 |
| 11 | 62 | 38 |
| 12 | 62 | 38 |
| 13 | 62 | 38 |
| 14 | 62 | 38 |
| 15 | 63 | 37 |
| 16 | 62 | 38 |
| 17 | 62 | 38 |
| 18 | 62 | 38 |
| 19 | 64 | 36 |
| 20 | 64 | 36 |
| 21 | 63 | 37 |
| 22 | 63 | 37 |
| 23 | 64 | 36 |
| 24 | 64 | 36 |
| 25 | 64 | 36 |
| 26 | 64 | 36 |
| 27 | 63 | 37 |
| 28 | 64 | 36 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Weldiya gets around 76 mm of rain over 11.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 43% and peaks near 53% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 38 |
| 2 | 38 |
| 3 | 37 |
| 4 | 37 |
| 5 | 37 |
| 6 | 38 |
| 7 | 38 |
| 8 | 38 |
| 9 | 39 |
| 10 | 39 |
| 11 | 40 |
| 12 | 40 |
| 13 | 41 |
| 14 | 41 |
| 15 | 42 |
| 16 | 43 |
| 17 | 43 |
| 18 | 44 |
| 19 | 45 |
| 20 | 46 |
| 21 | 47 |
| 22 | 48 |
| 23 | 48 |
| 24 | 49 |
| 25 | 50 |
| 26 | 51 |
| 27 | 52 |
| 28 | 53 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 99% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 99 | 1 |
| 15 | 99 | 1 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 98 | 2 |
| 24 | 98 | 2 |
| 25 | 98 | 2 |
| 26 | 98 | 2 |
| 27 | 98 | 2 |
| 28 | 98 | 2 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 h 30 min at the start of February to 11 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:51 AM to 6:43 AM, and sunset from 6:20 PM to 6:27 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:22 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:25 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:27 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.5 | 6:51 | 6:20 |
| 2 | 11.5 | 6:51 | 6:20 |
| 3 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:20 |
| 4 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:21 |
| 5 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:21 |
| 6 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:22 |
| 7 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:22 |
| 8 | 11.5 | 6:50 | 6:22 |
| 9 | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:23 |
| 10 | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:23 |
| 11 | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:23 |
| 12 | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:24 |
| 13 | 11.6 | 6:49 | 6:24 |
| 14 | 11.6 | 6:48 | 6:24 |
| 15 | 11.6 | 6:48 | 6:25 |
| 16 | 11.6 | 6:48 | 6:25 |
| 17 | 11.6 | 6:47 | 6:25 |
| 18 | 11.6 | 6:47 | 6:25 |
| 19 | 11.6 | 6:47 | 6:26 |
| 20 | 11.7 | 6:46 | 6:26 |
| 21 | 11.7 | 6:46 | 6:26 |
| 22 | 11.7 | 6:45 | 6:26 |
| 23 | 11.7 | 6:45 | 6:26 |
| 24 | 11.7 | 6:45 | 6:27 |
| 25 | 11.7 | 6:44 | 6:27 |
| 26 | 11.7 | 6:44 | 6:27 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 6:43 | 6:27 |
| 28 | 11.7 | 6:43 | 6:27 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.97 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.11 kWh/m² to a high of 6.51 kWh/m² in May across the year — February's 5.97 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 16 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 18 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.1 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Weldiya
None of Weldiya's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Weldiya sees seasonal dust haze (June–August), heaviest in July.
Is February a good time to visit Weldiya?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Weldiya for sightseeing.
What to pack for Weldiya in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Weldiya sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: rain gear and sun protection. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in Weldiya in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Weldiya peaks around March 19 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 13 at about 10 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 13 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 13 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 10 | Extreme |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Air quality in Weldiya in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Weldiya is worst in June — around 38 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 29 | 30 | 32 | 28 | 33 | 38 | 34 | 37 | 38 | 29 | 26 | 28 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Moderate |
| Feb | 30 | Moderate |
| Mar | 32 | Moderate |
| Apr | 28 | Moderate |
| May | 33 | Moderate |
| Jun | 38 | Poor |
| Jul | 34 | Moderate |
| Aug | 37 | Poor |
| Sep | 38 | Poor |
| Oct | 29 | Moderate |
| Nov | 26 | Moderate |
| Dec | 28 | Moderate |
Where is Weldiya?
Weldiya sits at 11.8°N, 39.6°E, 1,892 m above sea level, in Ethiopia. The nearest listed city is Mersa, 19 km away.
Topography around Weldiya
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Weldiya.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Weldiya has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 735 m around an average of 1,988 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,302 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,515 m.
The land around Weldiya is covered by cropland (40%) and shrubs (24%) within 3 km, shrubs (39%) and cropland (37%) within 16 km, and shrubs (34%), grassland (31%) and cropland (29%) within 80 km.
Ethiopia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / E / F / L
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $933
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 14%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.5
- per 100k, 2012
- Road deaths
- 28.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 499
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Weldiya (11.8277°, 39.5916°, elevation 1,892 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).