Vammala weather in November
In November, Vammala sees average daytime highs of 2°C and overnight lows near -1°C, with 49 mm of precipitation across 10.3 wet days and about 6.8 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 4°C in the first days to 1°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 06 min at the start of November to 5 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Vammala's 12th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Vammala's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 2°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- -1°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 49 mm
- 10.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 6 h 48 min
- 8:51 AM – 3:37 PM
- Cloud cover
- 84%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 12 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 0.3 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Vammala is town centre of Sastamala, Finland.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 4°C in the first days to 1°C by the end.
A typical November day in Vammala reaches about 2°C in the afternoon and slips back to -1°C overnight — a 4°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -3°C and 7°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 5°C cooler than October and about 3°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Avg low (°C) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 0 |
| 2 | 4 | 0 |
| 3 | 4 | 0 |
| 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 4 | 0 |
| 6 | 4 | 0 |
| 7 | 4 | 0 |
| 8 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 3 | 0 |
| 10 | 3 | -1 |
| 11 | 3 | -1 |
| 12 | 3 | -1 |
| 13 | 3 | -1 |
| 14 | 3 | -1 |
| 15 | 2 | -1 |
| 16 | 2 | -1 |
| 17 | 2 | -1 |
| 18 | 2 | -2 |
| 19 | 2 | -2 |
| 20 | 2 | -2 |
| 21 | 2 | -2 |
| 22 | 1 | -2 |
| 23 | 1 | -2 |
| 24 | 1 | -2 |
| 25 | 1 | -2 |
| 26 | 1 | -2 |
| 27 | 1 | -2 |
| 28 | 1 | -3 |
| 29 | 1 | -3 |
| 30 | 1 | -3 |
How November really feels in Vammala
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 30 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Vammala weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 8th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -3° / -7° | 40 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 6 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -3° / -8° | 32 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 2° / -6° | 33 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 11.3 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 9° / -0° | 34 | 8.5 | 2.7 | 14.3 | 1.7 |
| May | 15° / 5° | 46 | 10 | 0.2 | 17.1 | 4.5 |
| Jun | 19° / 9° | 77 | 11.9 | 0 | 18.8 | 5.6 |
| Jul | 21° / 12° | 82 | 13.1 | 0 | 18.1 | 6.0 |
| Aug | 20° / 11° | 72 | 12.2 | 0 | 15.6 | 5.8 |
| Sep | 14° / 7° | 53 | 10 | 0 | 12.6 | 4.1 |
| Oct | 8° / 2° | 58 | 10.3 | 1.2 | 9.6 | 1.1 |
| Nov | 2° / -1° | 49 | 10.3 | 5 | 6.8 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -1° / -5° | 48 | 10.8 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in November, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 84%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 |
| Cloudier (%) | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 | 80 |
| 2 | 19 | 81 |
| 3 | 19 | 81 |
| 4 | 18 | 82 |
| 5 | 18 | 82 |
| 6 | 18 | 82 |
| 7 | 18 | 82 |
| 8 | 18 | 82 |
| 9 | 18 | 82 |
| 10 | 17 | 83 |
| 11 | 15 | 85 |
| 12 | 15 | 85 |
| 13 | 15 | 85 |
| 14 | 15 | 85 |
| 15 | 14 | 86 |
| 16 | 14 | 86 |
| 17 | 14 | 86 |
| 18 | 15 | 85 |
| 19 | 15 | 85 |
| 20 | 14 | 86 |
| 21 | 14 | 86 |
| 22 | 14 | 86 |
| 23 | 14 | 86 |
| 24 | 13 | 87 |
| 25 | 14 | 86 |
| 26 | 14 | 86 |
| 27 | 14 | 86 |
| 28 | 15 | 85 |
| 29 | 15 | 85 |
| 30 | 16 | 84 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Vammala gets around 49 mm of rain and snow over 10.3 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 35% and peaks near 37% on the wettest days, and about 5 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
| Snow chance (%) | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 9 |
| 2 | 32 | 9 |
| 3 | 32 | 10 |
| 4 | 32 | 10 |
| 5 | 32 | 10 |
| 6 | 32 | 11 |
| 7 | 32 | 11 |
| 8 | 33 | 12 |
| 9 | 33 | 12 |
| 10 | 33 | 13 |
| 11 | 34 | 14 |
| 12 | 34 | 14 |
| 13 | 35 | 15 |
| 14 | 35 | 16 |
| 15 | 36 | 16 |
| 16 | 36 | 17 |
| 17 | 36 | 17 |
| 18 | 36 | 18 |
| 19 | 36 | 19 |
| 20 | 37 | 19 |
| 21 | 36 | 20 |
| 22 | 36 | 20 |
| 23 | 36 | 21 |
| 24 | 36 | 21 |
| 25 | 36 | 21 |
| 26 | 36 | 21 |
| 27 | 36 | 22 |
| 28 | 36 | 22 |
| 29 | 36 | 22 |
| 30 | 36 | 22 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 12 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 12 km/h on the calmest days to 13 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | light breeze |
| 4 | 12 | light breeze |
| 5 | 12 | light breeze |
| 6 | 12 | light breeze |
| 7 | 12 | light breeze |
| 8 | 12 | light breeze |
| 9 | 12 | light breeze |
| 10 | 12 | light breeze |
| 11 | 12 | light breeze |
| 12 | 12 | light breeze |
| 13 | 12 | light breeze |
| 14 | 12 | light breeze |
| 15 | 12 | light breeze |
| 16 | 12 | light breeze |
| 17 | 12 | light breeze |
| 18 | 12 | light breeze |
| 19 | 12 | light breeze |
| 20 | 12 | light breeze |
| 21 | 12 | light breeze |
| 22 | 12 | light breeze |
| 23 | 12 | light breeze |
| 24 | 13 | light breeze |
| 25 | 13 | light breeze |
| 26 | 13 | light breeze |
| 27 | 13 | light breeze |
| 28 | 13 | light breeze |
| 29 | 13 | light breeze |
| 30 | 13 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 8 h 06 min at the start of November to 5 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 144 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 8:09 AM to 9:26 AM, and sunset from 4:15 PM to 3:10 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:09 | 8:12 | 8:15 | 8:17 | 8:20 | 8:23 | 8:26 | 8:29 | 8:31 | 8:34 | 8:37 | 8:40 | 8:43 | 8:45 | 8:48 | 8:51 | 8:53 | 8:56 | 8:59 | 9:01 | 9:04 | 9:06 | 9:09 | 9:11 | 9:14 | 9:16 | 9:19 | 9:21 | 9:23 | 9:26 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:15 | 4:12 | 4:09 | 4:07 | 4:04 | 4:01 | 3:59 | 3:56 | 3:54 | 3:51 | 3:49 | 3:46 | 3:44 | 3:41 | 3:39 | 3:37 | 3:34 | 3:32 | 3:30 | 3:28 | 3:26 | 3:24 | 3:22 | 3:20 | 3:18 | 3:16 | 3:15 | 3:13 | 3:11 | 3:10 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.1 | 8:09 | 4:15 |
| 2 | 8.0 | 8:12 | 4:12 |
| 3 | 7.9 | 8:15 | 4:09 |
| 4 | 7.8 | 8:17 | 4:07 |
| 5 | 7.7 | 8:20 | 4:04 |
| 6 | 7.6 | 8:23 | 4:01 |
| 7 | 7.5 | 8:26 | 3:59 |
| 8 | 7.5 | 8:29 | 3:56 |
| 9 | 7.4 | 8:31 | 3:54 |
| 10 | 7.3 | 8:34 | 3:51 |
| 11 | 7.2 | 8:37 | 3:49 |
| 12 | 7.1 | 8:40 | 3:46 |
| 13 | 7.0 | 8:43 | 3:44 |
| 14 | 6.9 | 8:45 | 3:41 |
| 15 | 6.8 | 8:48 | 3:39 |
| 16 | 6.8 | 8:51 | 3:37 |
| 17 | 6.7 | 8:53 | 3:34 |
| 18 | 6.6 | 8:56 | 3:32 |
| 19 | 6.5 | 8:59 | 3:30 |
| 20 | 6.4 | 9:01 | 3:28 |
| 21 | 6.4 | 9:04 | 3:26 |
| 22 | 6.3 | 9:06 | 3:24 |
| 23 | 6.2 | 9:09 | 3:22 |
| 24 | 6.1 | 9:11 | 3:20 |
| 25 | 6.1 | 9:14 | 3:18 |
| 26 | 6.0 | 9:16 | 3:16 |
| 27 | 5.9 | 9:19 | 3:15 |
| 28 | 5.9 | 9:21 | 3:13 |
| 29 | 5.8 | 9:23 | 3:11 |
| 30 | 5.7 | 9:26 | 3:10 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 0.3 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.12 kWh/m² to a high of 5.37 kWh/m² in June across the year — November's 0.3 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 2 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 3 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 4 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 5 | 0.5 | Dim |
| 6 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 7 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 8 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 9 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 10 | 0.4 | Dim |
| 11 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 12 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 13 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 14 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 15 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 16 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 17 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 18 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 19 | 0.3 | Dim |
| 20 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 21 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 22 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 23 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 24 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 25 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 26 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 27 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 28 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 29 | 0.2 | Dim |
| 30 | 0.2 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Vammala?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Vammala.
What to pack for Vammala in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Vammala sees daytime highs around 2°C and nights near -1°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.
UV index in Vammala in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 0. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Vammala peaks around June 16 at about 5 (moderate) — a little sun protection helps at midday. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 0 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 4 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Level | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 1 | Low |
| Apr | 2 | Moderate |
| May | 4 | Moderate |
| Jun | 5 | Moderate |
| Jul | 4 | Moderate |
| Aug | 4 | Moderate |
| Sep | 2 | Moderate |
| Oct | 1 | Low |
| Nov | 0 | Low |
| Dec | 0 | Low |
Where is Vammala?
Vammala sits at 61.3°N, 22.9°E, 68 m above sea level, in Finland. The nearest listed city is Sastamala, 2.0 km away.
Topography around Vammala
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Vammala.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Vammala has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 63 m around an average of 68 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 116 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 218 m.
The land around Vammala is covered by trees (43%) and water (22%) within 3 km, trees (72%) within 16 km, and trees (71%) within 80 km.
Finland travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 85% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $56,149
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 603
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Vammala (61.3333°, 22.9°, elevation 68 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).