Pamiers weather in November
In November, Pamiers sees average daytime highs of 12°C and overnight lows near 3°C, with 109 mm of precipitation across 13.3 wet days and about 9.5 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 4th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 14°C in the first days to 10°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 06 min at the start of November to 9 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Pamiers's 10th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Pamiers's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 12°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 3°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 109 mm
- 13.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 30 min
- 7:54 AM – 5:23 PM
- Cloud cover
- 63%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.85 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.7
- out of 10
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 14°C in the first days to 10°C by the end.
A typical November day in Pamiers reaches about 12°C in the afternoon and slips back to 3°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 6°C and 17°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 5°C cooler than October and about 3°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| Avg low (°C) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 6 |
| 2 | 14 | 5 |
| 3 | 14 | 5 |
| 4 | 14 | 5 |
| 5 | 14 | 5 |
| 6 | 13 | 5 |
| 7 | 13 | 5 |
| 8 | 13 | 4 |
| 9 | 13 | 4 |
| 10 | 12 | 4 |
| 11 | 12 | 4 |
| 12 | 12 | 4 |
| 13 | 12 | 4 |
| 14 | 11 | 4 |
| 15 | 11 | 3 |
| 16 | 11 | 3 |
| 17 | 11 | 3 |
| 18 | 11 | 3 |
| 19 | 11 | 3 |
| 20 | 11 | 3 |
| 21 | 10 | 3 |
| 22 | 10 | 3 |
| 23 | 10 | 2 |
| 24 | 10 | 2 |
| 25 | 10 | 2 |
| 26 | 10 | 2 |
| 27 | 10 | 2 |
| 28 | 10 | 2 |
| 29 | 10 | 2 |
| 30 | 9 | 2 |
How November really feels in Pamiers
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 5 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Pamiers weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 4th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8° / -0° | 99 | 13.1 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 1.2 |
| Feb | 9° / -0° | 87 | 12.5 | 7.4 | 10.2 | 1.6 |
| Mar | 12° / 3° | 90 | 13.1 | 5.5 | 11.6 | 3.0 |
| Apr | 14° / 5° | 119 | 15.5 | 4.3 | 13.1 | 3.6 |
| May | 17° / 9° | 131 | 17 | 1.1 | 14.4 | 4.7 |
| Jun | 21° / 12° | 115 | 15.3 | 0 | 15.1 | 5.6 |
| Jul | 23° / 14° | 108 | 14.7 | 0 | 14.9 | 6.3 |
| Aug | 24° / 14° | 98 | 14.2 | 0 | 13.8 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 21° / 11° | 86 | 11.6 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.2 |
| Oct | 17° / 8° | 89 | 11.9 | 0.8 | 10.8 | 5.2 |
| Nov | 12° / 3° | 109 | 13.3 | 3.5 | 9.5 | 2.7 |
| Dec | 9° / 1° | 92 | 12.4 | 5.4 | 8.9 | 1.6 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 60%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 43 | 42 | 43 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 |
| Cloudier (%) | 57 | 58 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 57 |
| 2 | 42 | 58 |
| 3 | 43 | 57 |
| 4 | 42 | 58 |
| 5 | 41 | 59 |
| 6 | 41 | 59 |
| 7 | 40 | 60 |
| 8 | 40 | 60 |
| 9 | 39 | 61 |
| 10 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 40 | 60 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 |
| 13 | 40 | 60 |
| 14 | 40 | 60 |
| 15 | 39 | 61 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 39 | 61 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 40 | 60 |
| 20 | 40 | 60 |
| 21 | 40 | 60 |
| 22 | 41 | 59 |
| 23 | 40 | 60 |
| 24 | 40 | 60 |
| 25 | 40 | 60 |
| 26 | 40 | 60 |
| 27 | 39 | 61 |
| 28 | 39 | 61 |
| 29 | 39 | 61 |
| 30 | 39 | 61 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Pamiers gets around 109 mm of rain and snow over 13.3 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 45% and peaks near 49% on the wettest days, and about 4 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 |
| Snow chance (%) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 41 | 6 |
| 2 | 42 | 6 |
| 3 | 43 | 7 |
| 4 | 44 | 8 |
| 5 | 45 | 8 |
| 6 | 46 | 9 |
| 7 | 47 | 10 |
| 8 | 48 | 10 |
| 9 | 48 | 11 |
| 10 | 49 | 12 |
| 11 | 49 | 12 |
| 12 | 49 | 13 |
| 13 | 48 | 13 |
| 14 | 48 | 14 |
| 15 | 47 | 14 |
| 16 | 46 | 14 |
| 17 | 45 | 14 |
| 18 | 45 | 14 |
| 19 | 44 | 14 |
| 20 | 43 | 14 |
| 21 | 42 | 14 |
| 22 | 42 | 14 |
| 23 | 42 | 14 |
| 24 | 41 | 14 |
| 25 | 41 | 15 |
| 26 | 42 | 15 |
| 27 | 42 | 15 |
| 28 | 42 | 16 |
| 29 | 43 | 16 |
| 30 | 43 | 16 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 99 | 1 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 100 | 0 |
| 6 | 100 | 0 |
| 7 | 100 | 0 |
| 8 | 100 | 0 |
| 9 | 100 | 0 |
| 10 | 100 | 0 |
| 11 | 100 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 | 0 |
| 13 | 100 | 0 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 100 | 0 |
| 29 | 100 | 0 |
| 30 | 100 | 0 |
Wind in November
Winds average 7 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 10 h 06 min at the start of November to 9 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 60 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:35 AM to 8:11 AM, and sunset from 5:39 PM to 5:15 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:38 | 7:39 | 7:40 | 7:42 | 7:43 | 7:44 | 7:45 | 7:47 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:53 | 7:54 | 7:56 | 7:57 | 7:58 | 7:59 | 8:01 | 8:02 | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:39 | 5:38 | 5:37 | 5:35 | 5:34 | 5:33 | 5:32 | 5:31 | 5:30 | 5:29 | 5:28 | 5:27 | 5:26 | 5:25 | 5:24 | 5:23 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:21 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:19 | 5:18 | 5:18 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:15 | 5:15 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.1 | 7:35 | 5:39 |
| 2 | 10.0 | 7:36 | 5:38 |
| 3 | 10.0 | 7:38 | 5:37 |
| 4 | 9.9 | 7:39 | 5:35 |
| 5 | 9.9 | 7:40 | 5:34 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 7:42 | 5:33 |
| 7 | 9.8 | 7:43 | 5:32 |
| 8 | 9.8 | 7:44 | 5:31 |
| 9 | 9.7 | 7:45 | 5:30 |
| 10 | 9.7 | 7:47 | 5:29 |
| 11 | 9.7 | 7:48 | 5:28 |
| 12 | 9.6 | 7:49 | 5:27 |
| 13 | 9.6 | 7:51 | 5:26 |
| 14 | 9.6 | 7:52 | 5:25 |
| 15 | 9.5 | 7:53 | 5:24 |
| 16 | 9.5 | 7:54 | 5:23 |
| 17 | 9.4 | 7:56 | 5:22 |
| 18 | 9.4 | 7:57 | 5:22 |
| 19 | 9.4 | 7:58 | 5:21 |
| 20 | 9.3 | 7:59 | 5:20 |
| 21 | 9.3 | 8:01 | 5:20 |
| 22 | 9.3 | 8:02 | 5:19 |
| 23 | 9.3 | 8:03 | 5:18 |
| 24 | 9.2 | 8:04 | 5:18 |
| 25 | 9.2 | 8:05 | 5:17 |
| 26 | 9.2 | 8:06 | 5:17 |
| 27 | 9.1 | 8:08 | 5:16 |
| 28 | 9.1 | 8:09 | 5:16 |
| 29 | 9.1 | 8:10 | 5:15 |
| 30 | 9.1 | 8:11 | 5:15 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 1.85 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.46 kWh/m² to a high of 6.01 kWh/m² in July across the year — November's 1.85 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.6 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Pamiers?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Pamiers.
What to pack for Pamiers in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Pamiers sees daytime highs around 12°C and nights near 3°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: rain gear. About 13 days see rain.
UV index in Pamiers in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pamiers peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Pamiers?
Pamiers sits at 43.1°N, 1.6°E, 289 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Muret, 45 km away.
Topography around Pamiers
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pamiers.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pamiers has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 205 m around an average of 321 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 703 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,014 m.
The land around Pamiers is covered by trees (34%) and grassland (27%) within 3 km, trees (39%), grassland (29%) and cropland (29%) within 16 km, and trees (46%), cropland (26%) and grassland (24%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pamiers (43.1165°, 1.6108°, elevation 289 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).