Poitiers weather in July

In July, Poitiers sees average daytime highs of 25°C and overnight lows near 15°C, with 44 mm of rain across 7.9 wet days and about 15.2 hours of daylight. It is the 2nd-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 26°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 30% of the time in July, and the air most often feels comfortable.

Daylight stretches from about 15 h 36 min at the start of July to 14 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Poitiers's 2nd-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Poitiers's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 25°; 2nd warmest
Overnight low: 15°; 12th coldest
Rainfall: 44 mm; 7.9 wet days
Daylight: 15 h 18 min; 5:26 AM – 8:43 PM
Cloud cover: 57%; 2nd clearest
Wind: 11 km/h; 11th windiest
Solar energy: 5.9 kWh/m²
Travel score: 7.2; out of 10

Poitiers is commune in Vienne, France.

Air quality: Good; PM2.5 9.8 µg/m³ · 2019
Density: 2,041/km²; people per km²

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← June Poitiers year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in July

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 26°C by the end.

A typical July day in Poitiers reaches about 25°C in the afternoon and slips back to 15°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 31°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs about 2°C warmer than June and on par with August.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	24	24	24	24	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	25	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26	26
Avg low (°C)	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	14
2	24	14
3	24	14
4	24	14
5	25	14
6	25	14
7	25	14
8	25	14
9	25	14
10	25	14
11	25	14
12	25	14
13	25	14
14	25	15
15	25	15
16	25	15
17	26	15
18	26	15
19	26	15
20	26	15
21	26	15
22	26	15
23	26	15
24	26	15
25	26	15
26	26	15
27	26	15
28	26	15
29	26	15
30	26	15
31	26	15

How July really feels in Poitiers

Once humidity and wind are folded in, July averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

July sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Poitiers weather by month

How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 2nd-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Snow days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	8° / 3°	64	11.3	0.8	8.8	1.3
Feb	9° / 2°	51	9.6	0.8	10	1.9
Mar	13° / 4°	55	10.7	0.2	11.6	3.6
Apr	16° / 6°	63	11.7	0	13.3	4.6
May	19° / 10°	72	11.7	0	14.8	5.8
Jun	23° / 13°	59	9.5	0	15.6	6.7
Jul	25° / 15°	44	7.9	0	15.2	7.2
Aug	25° / 14°	49	7.6	0	14	7.2
Sep	22° / 12°	50	7.9	0	12.4	6.9
Oct	17° / 9°	72	11.5	0	10.7	5.2
Nov	12° / 5°	71	12.1	0.1	9.2	2.8
Dec	9° / 3°	71	11.3	0.4	8.4	1.6

Cloud cover in July

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 30% of the time in July.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 52%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	43	43	43	44	44	46	46	47	48	48	49	49	51	51	51	52	51	51	51	51	50	50	49	49	48	48	48	47	48	48	47
Cloudier (%)	57	57	57	56	56	54	54	53	52	52	51	51	49	49	49	48	49	49	49	49	50	50	51	51	52	52	52	53	52	52	53

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	43	57
3	43	57
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	46	54
7	46	54
8	47	53
9	48	52
10	48	52
11	49	51
12	49	51
13	51	49
14	51	49
15	51	49
16	52	48
17	51	49
18	51	49
19	51	49
20	51	49
21	50	50
22	50	50
23	49	51
24	49	51
25	48	52
26	48	52
27	48	52
28	47	53
29	48	52
30	48	52
31	47	53

Chance of precipitation in July

Any precipitation

Poitiers gets around 44 mm of rain over 7.9 wet days in July, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 24% and peaks near 28% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	28	28	28	28	28	28	28	27	26	25	25	24	23	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	23	23	23	23	23	24	24	24	25

	Rain chance (%)
1	28
2	28
3	28
4	28
5	28
6	28
7	28
8	27
9	26
10	25
11	25
12	24
13	23
14	22
15	22
16	22
17	22
18	22
19	22
20	22
21	22
22	22
23	23
24	23
25	23
26	23
27	23
28	24
29	24
30	24
31	25

Humidity in July

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of July feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, July lands in the comfortable band about 43% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	42	42	42	41	41	41	41	41	40	40	40	40	39	39	38	38	37	36	34	33	33	32	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31
Comfortable (%)	40	41	41	42	42	42	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	42	42	42	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	43	42	42
Humid (%)	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	16	16	16	16	16	17	17	18	19	20	20	21	22	22	23	23	23	23	24	24	24	24	24
Muggy (%)	2	2	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	42	40	15	2
2	42	41	15	2
3	42	41	15	1
4	41	42	15	1
5	41	42	15	1
6	41	42	15	1
7	41	43	15	1
8	41	43	15	1
9	40	43	16	1
10	40	43	16	1
11	40	43	16	1
12	40	43	16	2
13	39	43	16	2
14	39	42	17	2
15	38	42	17	2
16	38	42	18	2
17	37	43	19	2
18	36	43	20	2
19	34	43	20	2
20	33	43	21	2
21	33	43	22	2
22	32	43	22	2
23	31	43	23	2
24	31	43	23	2
25	31	43	23	3
26	31	43	23	3
27	31	43	24	3
28	31	43	24	3
29	31	43	24	3
30	31	42	24	3
31	31	42	24	3

Wind in July

Winds average 11 km/h in July.

Across July, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	11	calm
2	11	calm
3	11	calm
4	11	calm
5	11	calm
6	11	calm
7	11	calm
8	11	calm
9	11	calm
10	11	calm
11	11	calm
12	11	calm
13	11	calm
14	11	calm
15	11	calm
16	11	calm
17	11	calm
18	11	calm
19	11	calm
20	11	calm
21	11	calm
22	11	calm
23	11	calm
24	11	calm
25	10	calm
26	10	calm
27	10	calm
28	10	calm
29	10	calm
30	10	calm
31	10	calm

Sunrise & sunset in July

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 15 h 36 min at the start of July to 14 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 48 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 5:14 AM to 5:42 AM, and sunset from 8:50 PM to 8:27 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.6	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.5	15.4	15.4	15.4	15.4	15.3	15.3	15.3	15.3	15.2	15.2	15.2	15.1	15.1	15.1	15.0	15.0	15.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	14.8	14.8
Sunrise (AM)	5:14	5:15	5:15	5:16	5:17	5:17	5:18	5:19	5:20	5:20	5:21	5:22	5:23	5:24	5:25	5:26	5:27	5:28	5:29	5:30	5:31	5:32	5:33	5:34	5:35	5:36	5:37	5:38	5:40	5:41	5:42
Sunset (PM)	8:50	8:49	8:49	8:49	8:49	8:48	8:48	8:48	8:47	8:47	8:46	8:46	8:45	8:44	8:44	8:43	8:42	8:41	8:40	8:40	8:39	8:38	8:37	8:36	8:35	8:33	8:32	8:31	8:30	8:29	8:27

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	15.6	5:14	8:50
2	15.6	5:15	8:49
3	15.6	5:15	8:49
4	15.6	5:16	8:49
5	15.5	5:17	8:49
6	15.5	5:17	8:48
7	15.5	5:18	8:48
8	15.5	5:19	8:48
9	15.5	5:20	8:47
10	15.4	5:20	8:47
11	15.4	5:21	8:46
12	15.4	5:22	8:46
13	15.4	5:23	8:45
14	15.3	5:24	8:44
15	15.3	5:25	8:44
16	15.3	5:26	8:43
17	15.3	5:27	8:42
18	15.2	5:28	8:41
19	15.2	5:29	8:40
20	15.2	5:30	8:40
21	15.1	5:31	8:39
22	15.1	5:32	8:38
23	15.1	5:33	8:37
24	15.0	5:34	8:36
25	15.0	5:35	8:35
26	15.0	5:36	8:33
27	14.9	5:37	8:32
28	14.9	5:38	8:31
29	14.8	5:40	8:30
30	14.8	5:41	8:29
31	14.8	5:42	8:27

Solar energy in July

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 5.9 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1 kWh/m² to a high of 5.91 kWh/m² in June across the year — July's 5.9 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.7
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.0	Bright
2	6.0	Bright
3	6.0	Bright
4	6.0	Bright
5	6.0	Bright
6	6.0	Bright
7	6.0	Bright
8	6.0	Bright
9	6.0	Bright
10	6.0	Bright
11	6.0	Bright
12	6.0	Bright
13	6.0	Bright
14	6.0	Bright
15	6.0	Bright
16	6.0	Bright
17	6.0	Bright
18	6.0	Bright
19	6.0	Bright
20	6.0	Bright
21	5.9	Bright
22	5.9	Bright
23	5.9	Bright
24	5.9	Bright
25	5.8	Bright
26	5.8	Bright
27	5.8	Bright
28	5.8	Bright
29	5.8	Bright
30	5.7	Bright
31	5.7	Bright

Planning a trip in July

Is July a good time to visit Poitiers?

Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

7.2

Sightseeing

1st-best month of the year

6.6

Beach & pool

2nd-best month of the year

July is one of the better times to visit Poitiers for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Poitiers in July

From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In July, Poitiers sees daytime highs around 25°C and nights near 15°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection. About 8 days see rain.

light clothessun protection

UV index in Poitiers in July

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Poitiers peaks around July 20 at about 7 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 1 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	1	2	4	5	6	7	7	7	5	3	2	1
Level	Low	Low	Moderate	High	High	Very high	Very high	Very high	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	1	Low
Feb	2	Low
Mar	4	Moderate
Apr	5	High
May	6	High
Jun	7	Very high
Jul	7	Very high
Aug	7	Very high
Sep	5	Moderate
Oct	3	Moderate
Nov	2	Low
Dec	1	Low

Location & terrain

Where is Poitiers?

Poitiers sits at 46.6°N, 0.3°E, 118 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Châtellerault, 30 km away.

Topography around Poitiers

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Poitiers.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Poitiers has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 70 m around an average of 109 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 119 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 495 m.

The land around Poitiers is covered by artificial surfaces (56%) and trees (26%) within 3 km, cropland (45%) and trees (32%) within 16 km, and cropland (51%), grassland (24%) and trees (23%) within 80 km.

3 km

70 m

artificial surfaces 56%

16 km

119 m

cropland 45%

80 km

495 m

cropland 51%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaces

← June Poitiers year-round climate August →Best places to visit in July

July weather nearby: Châtellerault 30 km · Niort 68 km · Bressuire 70 km · Saumur 82 km · Joué-lès-Tours 89 km · Fontenay-le-Comte 89 km · Saint-Avertin 92 km · Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire 94 km

France travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / E; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 77% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $48,986; 2025
Happiness: 6.6 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 100%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.3; per 100k, 2023
Road deaths: 5.1; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 539
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Poitiers (46.5826°, 0.3435°, elevation 118 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	14
2	24	14
3	24	14
4	24	14
5	25	14
6	25	14
7	25	14
8	25	14
9	25	14
10	25	14
11	25	14
12	25	14
13	25	14
14	25	15
15	25	15
16	25	15
17	26	15
18	26	15
19	26	15
20	26	15
21	26	15
22	26	15
23	26	15
24	26	15
25	26	15
26	26	15
27	26	15
28	26	15
29	26	15
30	26	15
31	26	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	43	57
3	43	57
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	46	54
7	46	54
8	47	53
9	48	52
10	48	52
11	49	51
12	49	51
13	51	49
14	51	49
15	51	49
16	52	48
17	51	49
18	51	49
19	51	49
20	51	49
21	50	50
22	50	50
23	49	51
24	49	51
25	48	52
26	48	52
27	48	52
28	47	53
29	48	52
30	48	52
31	47	53

	Rain chance (%)
1	28
2	28
3	28
4	28
5	28
6	28
7	28
8	27
9	26
10	25
11	25
12	24
13	23
14	22
15	22
16	22
17	22
18	22
19	22
20	22
21	22
22	22
23	23
24	23
25	23
26	23
27	23
28	24
29	24
30	24
31	25

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	42	40	15	2
2	42	41	15	2
3	42	41	15	1
4	41	42	15	1
5	41	42	15	1
6	41	42	15	1
7	41	43	15	1
8	41	43	15	1
9	40	43	16	1
10	40	43	16	1
11	40	43	16	1
12	40	43	16	2
13	39	43	16	2
14	39	42	17	2
15	38	42	17	2
16	38	42	18	2
17	37	43	19	2
18	36	43	20	2
19	34	43	20	2
20	33	43	21	2
21	33	43	22	2
22	32	43	22	2
23	31	43	23	2
24	31	43	23	2
25	31	43	23	3
26	31	43	23	3
27	31	43	24	3
28	31	43	24	3
29	31	43	24	3
30	31	42	24	3
31	31	42	24	3

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	14
2	24	14
3	24	14
4	24	14
5	25	14
6	25	14
7	25	14
8	25	14
9	25	14
10	25	14
11	25	14
12	25	14
13	25	14
14	25	15
15	25	15
16	25	15
17	26	15
18	26	15
19	26	15
20	26	15
21	26	15
22	26	15
23	26	15
24	26	15
25	26	15
26	26	15
27	26	15
28	26	15
29	26	15
30	26	15
31	26	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	43	57
3	43	57
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	46	54
7	46	54
8	47	53
9	48	52
10	48	52
11	49	51
12	49	51
13	51	49
14	51	49
15	51	49
16	52	48
17	51	49
18	51	49
19	51	49
20	51	49
21	50	50
22	50	50
23	49	51
24	49	51
25	48	52
26	48	52
27	48	52
28	47	53
29	48	52
30	48	52
31	47	53

	Rain chance (%)
1	28
2	28
3	28
4	28
5	28
6	28
7	28
8	27
9	26
10	25
11	25
12	24
13	23
14	22
15	22
16	22
17	22
18	22
19	22
20	22
21	22
22	22
23	23
24	23
25	23
26	23
27	23
28	24
29	24
30	24
31	25

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	42	40	15	2
2	42	41	15	2
3	42	41	15	1
4	41	42	15	1
5	41	42	15	1
6	41	42	15	1
7	41	43	15	1
8	41	43	15	1
9	40	43	16	1
10	40	43	16	1
11	40	43	16	1
12	40	43	16	2
13	39	43	16	2
14	39	42	17	2
15	38	42	17	2
16	38	42	18	2
17	37	43	19	2
18	36	43	20	2
19	34	43	20	2
20	33	43	21	2
21	33	43	22	2
22	32	43	22	2
23	31	43	23	2
24	31	43	23	2
25	31	43	23	3
26	31	43	23	3
27	31	43	24	3
28	31	43	24	3
29	31	43	24	3
30	31	42	24	3
31	31	42	24	3

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	14
2	24	14
3	24	14
4	24	14
5	25	14
6	25	14
7	25	14
8	25	14
9	25	14
10	25	14
11	25	14
12	25	14
13	25	14
14	25	15
15	25	15
16	25	15
17	26	15
18	26	15
19	26	15
20	26	15
21	26	15
22	26	15
23	26	15
24	26	15
25	26	15
26	26	15
27	26	15
28	26	15
29	26	15
30	26	15
31	26	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	43	57
2	43	57
3	43	57
4	44	56
5	44	56
6	46	54
7	46	54
8	47	53
9	48	52
10	48	52
11	49	51
12	49	51
13	51	49
14	51	49
15	51	49
16	52	48
17	51	49
18	51	49
19	51	49
20	51	49
21	50	50
22	50	50
23	49	51
24	49	51
25	48	52
26	48	52
27	48	52
28	47	53
29	48	52
30	48	52
31	47	53

	Rain chance (%)
1	28
2	28
3	28
4	28
5	28
6	28
7	28
8	27
9	26
10	25
11	25
12	24
13	23
14	22
15	22
16	22
17	22
18	22
19	22
20	22
21	22
22	22
23	23
24	23
25	23
26	23
27	23
28	24
29	24
30	24
31	25

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)	Muggy (%)
1	42	40	15	2
2	42	41	15	2
3	42	41	15	1
4	41	42	15	1
5	41	42	15	1
6	41	42	15	1
7	41	43	15	1
8	41	43	15	1
9	40	43	16	1
10	40	43	16	1
11	40	43	16	1
12	40	43	16	2
13	39	43	16	2
14	39	42	17	2
15	38	42	17	2
16	38	42	18	2
17	37	43	19	2
18	36	43	20	2
19	34	43	20	2
20	33	43	21	2
21	33	43	22	2
22	32	43	22	2
23	31	43	23	2
24	31	43	23	2
25	31	43	23	3
26	31	43	23	3
27	31	43	24	3
28	31	43	24	3
29	31	43	24	3
30	31	42	24	3
31	31	42	24	3