Saint-Égrève weather in December
In December, Saint-Égrève sees average daytime highs of 4°C and overnight lows near -3°C, with 133 mm of precipitation across 13.4 wet days and about 8.6 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 4°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 48 min at the start of December to 8 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Saint-Égrève's 10th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Saint-Égrève's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 4°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- -3°
- 3rd coldest
- Precipitation
- 133 mm
- 13.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 36 min
- 8:16 AM – 4:50 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.29 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Temperature in December
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 4°C through the month.
A typical December day in Saint-Égrève reaches about 4°C in the afternoon and slips back to -3°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -1°C and 9°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 4°C cooler than November and on par with January.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | -2 |
| 2 | 5 | -2 |
| 3 | 5 | -2 |
| 4 | 5 | -3 |
| 5 | 4 | -3 |
| 6 | 4 | -3 |
| 7 | 4 | -3 |
| 8 | 4 | -3 |
| 9 | 4 | -3 |
| 10 | 4 | -3 |
| 11 | 4 | -3 |
| 12 | 4 | -3 |
| 13 | 4 | -3 |
| 14 | 4 | -3 |
| 15 | 4 | -3 |
| 16 | 4 | -3 |
| 17 | 4 | -3 |
| 18 | 4 | -3 |
| 19 | 4 | -3 |
| 20 | 4 | -3 |
| 21 | 3 | -3 |
| 22 | 3 | -3 |
| 23 | 3 | -3 |
| 24 | 3 | -4 |
| 25 | 3 | -4 |
| 26 | 3 | -4 |
| 27 | 3 | -4 |
| 28 | 3 | -4 |
| 29 | 3 | -4 |
| 30 | 3 | -4 |
| 31 | 3 | -4 |
How December really feels in Saint-Égrève
Once humidity and wind are folded in, December averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in December is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Saint-Égrève weather by month
How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3° / -4° | 119 | 13.1 | 10.8 | 9 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 5° / -4° | 102 | 11.1 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 0.1 |
| Mar | 9° / -0° | 109 | 12.9 | 8.3 | 11.6 | 1.7 |
| Apr | 12° / 3° | 120 | 14.3 | 6.6 | 13.2 | 2.8 |
| May | 16° / 7° | 147 | 16.8 | 2.2 | 14.6 | 4.3 |
| Jun | 20° / 10° | 127 | 15.3 | 0.1 | 15.4 | 5.6 |
| Jul | 23° / 12° | 113 | 12.8 | 0.1 | 15.1 | 6.6 |
| Aug | 22° / 12° | 107 | 12 | 0 | 13.9 | 6.7 |
| Sep | 18° / 8° | 111 | 11.7 | 0.4 | 12.3 | 5.6 |
| Oct | 14° / 5° | 118 | 12.7 | 2.5 | 10.7 | 3.7 |
| Nov | 8° / -0° | 141 | 13.5 | 7.5 | 9.3 | 1.0 |
| Dec | 4° / -3° | 133 | 13.4 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in December
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in December.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 |
| Cloudier (%) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 62 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39 | 61 |
| 2 | 39 | 61 |
| 3 | 39 | 61 |
| 4 | 39 | 61 |
| 5 | 39 | 61 |
| 6 | 39 | 61 |
| 7 | 39 | 61 |
| 8 | 39 | 61 |
| 9 | 40 | 60 |
| 10 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 40 | 60 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 |
| 13 | 41 | 59 |
| 14 | 41 | 59 |
| 15 | 41 | 59 |
| 16 | 40 | 60 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 40 | 60 |
| 20 | 40 | 60 |
| 21 | 40 | 60 |
| 22 | 40 | 60 |
| 23 | 40 | 60 |
| 24 | 40 | 60 |
| 25 | 39 | 61 |
| 26 | 39 | 61 |
| 27 | 39 | 61 |
| 28 | 39 | 61 |
| 29 | 38 | 62 |
| 30 | 38 | 62 |
| 31 | 38 | 62 |
Chance of precipitation in December
Saint-Égrève gets around 133 mm of rain and snow over 13.4 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 44% and peaks near 44% on the wettest days, and about 11 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 |
| Snow chance (%) | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44 | 33 |
| 2 | 44 | 34 |
| 3 | 44 | 34 |
| 4 | 44 | 34 |
| 5 | 44 | 34 |
| 6 | 44 | 34 |
| 7 | 44 | 34 |
| 8 | 44 | 34 |
| 9 | 44 | 34 |
| 10 | 44 | 34 |
| 11 | 44 | 34 |
| 12 | 44 | 34 |
| 13 | 44 | 34 |
| 14 | 44 | 34 |
| 15 | 44 | 33 |
| 16 | 43 | 33 |
| 17 | 43 | 33 |
| 18 | 43 | 33 |
| 19 | 43 | 33 |
| 20 | 43 | 34 |
| 21 | 43 | 34 |
| 22 | 43 | 34 |
| 23 | 43 | 35 |
| 24 | 43 | 35 |
| 25 | 43 | 35 |
| 26 | 43 | 35 |
| 27 | 43 | 36 |
| 28 | 43 | 36 |
| 29 | 43 | 36 |
| 30 | 43 | 36 |
| 31 | 44 | 36 |
Humidity in December
Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in December
Winds average 5 km/h in December.
Across December, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
| 29 | 5 | calm |
| 30 | 5 | calm |
| 31 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in December
Daylight runs from about 8 h 48 min at the start of December to 8 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 8:03 AM to 8:23 AM, and sunset from 4:51 PM to 4:58 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:03 | 8:04 | 8:05 | 8:06 | 8:07 | 8:08 | 8:09 | 8:10 | 8:11 | 8:12 | 8:13 | 8:13 | 8:14 | 8:15 | 8:16 | 8:16 | 8:17 | 8:18 | 8:18 | 8:19 | 8:19 | 8:20 | 8:20 | 8:21 | 8:21 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:51 | 4:51 | 4:51 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:50 | 4:51 | 4:51 | 4:51 | 4:52 | 4:52 | 4:53 | 4:53 | 4:54 | 4:54 | 4:55 | 4:55 | 4:56 | 4:57 | 4:57 | 4:58 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.8 | 8:03 | 4:51 |
| 2 | 8.8 | 8:04 | 4:51 |
| 3 | 8.8 | 8:05 | 4:51 |
| 4 | 8.7 | 8:06 | 4:50 |
| 5 | 8.7 | 8:07 | 4:50 |
| 6 | 8.7 | 8:08 | 4:50 |
| 7 | 8.7 | 8:09 | 4:50 |
| 8 | 8.7 | 8:10 | 4:50 |
| 9 | 8.6 | 8:11 | 4:50 |
| 10 | 8.6 | 8:12 | 4:50 |
| 11 | 8.6 | 8:13 | 4:50 |
| 12 | 8.6 | 8:13 | 4:50 |
| 13 | 8.6 | 8:14 | 4:50 |
| 14 | 8.6 | 8:15 | 4:50 |
| 15 | 8.6 | 8:16 | 4:50 |
| 16 | 8.6 | 8:16 | 4:50 |
| 17 | 8.6 | 8:17 | 4:51 |
| 18 | 8.6 | 8:18 | 4:51 |
| 19 | 8.5 | 8:18 | 4:51 |
| 20 | 8.5 | 8:19 | 4:52 |
| 21 | 8.5 | 8:19 | 4:52 |
| 22 | 8.5 | 8:20 | 4:53 |
| 23 | 8.5 | 8:20 | 4:53 |
| 24 | 8.5 | 8:21 | 4:54 |
| 25 | 8.5 | 8:21 | 4:54 |
| 26 | 8.6 | 8:22 | 4:55 |
| 27 | 8.6 | 8:22 | 4:55 |
| 28 | 8.6 | 8:22 | 4:56 |
| 29 | 8.6 | 8:22 | 4:57 |
| 30 | 8.6 | 8:22 | 4:57 |
| 31 | 8.6 | 8:23 | 4:58 |
Solar energy in December
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 1.29 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.29 kWh/m² to a high of 6.25 kWh/m² in July across the year — December's 1.29 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.3 | Dim |
Is December a good time to visit Saint-Égrève?
Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
December is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Saint-Égrève.
What to pack for Saint-Égrève in December
From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In December, Saint-Égrève sees daytime highs around 4°C and nights near -3°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 13 days see rain.
UV index in Saint-Égrève in December
Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Saint-Égrève peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | High | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Saint-Égrève?
Saint-Égrève sits at 45.2°N, 5.7°E, 219 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Fontaine, 5.0 km away.
Topography around Saint-Égrève
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Saint-Égrève.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Saint-Égrève has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,033 m around an average of 370 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,852 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,843 m.
The land around Saint-Égrève is covered by trees (58%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, trees (66%) within 16 km, and trees (52%) and grassland (27%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Saint-Égrève (45.2331°, 5.6815°, elevation 219 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).