Saint-Louis weather in January
In January, Saint-Louis sees average daytime highs of 4°C and overnight lows near -1°C, with 80 mm of precipitation across 13.5 wet days and about 8.7 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 4°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 18 min at the start of January to 9 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Saint-Louis's 10th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Saint-Louis's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 4°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- -1°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 80 mm
- 13.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 8 h 36 min
- 8:20 AM – 4:58 PM
- Cloud cover
- 70%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.21 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Temperature in January
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 4°C through the month.
A typical January day in Saint-Louis reaches about 4°C in the afternoon and slips back to -1°C overnight — a 6°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -1°C and 10°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs on par with December and about 2°C cooler than February.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | -1 |
| 2 | 4 | -1 |
| 3 | 4 | -1 |
| 4 | 4 | -1 |
| 5 | 4 | -1 |
| 6 | 4 | -1 |
| 7 | 4 | -1 |
| 8 | 5 | -1 |
| 9 | 5 | -1 |
| 10 | 5 | -1 |
| 11 | 5 | -1 |
| 12 | 4 | -1 |
| 13 | 4 | -1 |
| 14 | 4 | -1 |
| 15 | 4 | -1 |
| 16 | 4 | -1 |
| 17 | 4 | -1 |
| 18 | 4 | -1 |
| 19 | 4 | -1 |
| 20 | 4 | -1 |
| 21 | 4 | -1 |
| 22 | 4 | -1 |
| 23 | 4 | -1 |
| 24 | 4 | -1 |
| 25 | 4 | -1 |
| 26 | 4 | -2 |
| 27 | 4 | -2 |
| 28 | 4 | -2 |
| 29 | 4 | -2 |
| 30 | 4 | -2 |
| 31 | 4 | -2 |
How January really feels in Saint-Louis
Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 31 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in January is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Saint-Louis weather by month
How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4° / -1° | 80 | 13.5 | 6 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 6° / -1° | 72 | 11.5 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 0.4 |
| Mar | 10° / 2° | 83 | 13.5 | 3.9 | 11.6 | 2.2 |
| Apr | 14° / 5° | 90 | 14.1 | 1.6 | 13.3 | 3.8 |
| May | 18° / 9° | 129 | 16.8 | 0.1 | 14.9 | 4.9 |
| Jun | 22° / 12° | 118 | 15.8 | 0 | 15.7 | 5.7 |
| Jul | 24° / 14° | 121 | 15.4 | 0 | 15.4 | 6.2 |
| Aug | 24° / 14° | 125 | 15.2 | 0 | 14.1 | 6.2 |
| Sep | 19° / 10° | 95 | 12.6 | 0 | 12.4 | 5.7 |
| Oct | 14° / 7° | 97 | 13.2 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 3.8 |
| Nov | 8° / 2° | 94 | 13 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 1.3 |
| Dec | 5° / -0° | 101 | 14.1 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in January
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 19% of the time in January.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 68%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 33 | 33 |
| Cloudier (%) | 70 | 70 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 67 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 70 |
| 2 | 30 | 70 |
| 3 | 30 | 70 |
| 4 | 28 | 72 |
| 5 | 28 | 72 |
| 6 | 28 | 72 |
| 7 | 30 | 70 |
| 8 | 31 | 69 |
| 9 | 31 | 69 |
| 10 | 31 | 69 |
| 11 | 31 | 69 |
| 12 | 31 | 69 |
| 13 | 32 | 68 |
| 14 | 32 | 68 |
| 15 | 33 | 67 |
| 16 | 33 | 67 |
| 17 | 34 | 66 |
| 18 | 34 | 66 |
| 19 | 34 | 66 |
| 20 | 33 | 67 |
| 21 | 33 | 67 |
| 22 | 33 | 67 |
| 23 | 33 | 67 |
| 24 | 33 | 67 |
| 25 | 33 | 67 |
| 26 | 33 | 67 |
| 27 | 32 | 68 |
| 28 | 33 | 67 |
| 29 | 34 | 66 |
| 30 | 33 | 67 |
| 31 | 33 | 67 |
Chance of precipitation in January
Saint-Louis gets around 80 mm of rain and snow over 13.5 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 43% and peaks near 46% on the wettest days, and about 6 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Snow chance (%) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 46 | 18 |
| 2 | 46 | 18 |
| 3 | 46 | 18 |
| 4 | 46 | 17 |
| 5 | 46 | 17 |
| 6 | 46 | 17 |
| 7 | 46 | 17 |
| 8 | 45 | 17 |
| 9 | 45 | 17 |
| 10 | 44 | 17 |
| 11 | 44 | 17 |
| 12 | 43 | 18 |
| 13 | 43 | 18 |
| 14 | 43 | 19 |
| 15 | 43 | 19 |
| 16 | 43 | 20 |
| 17 | 42 | 20 |
| 18 | 42 | 21 |
| 19 | 42 | 21 |
| 20 | 42 | 21 |
| 21 | 42 | 22 |
| 22 | 42 | 22 |
| 23 | 42 | 22 |
| 24 | 42 | 22 |
| 25 | 42 | 22 |
| 26 | 42 | 22 |
| 27 | 42 | 22 |
| 28 | 42 | 22 |
| 29 | 41 | 22 |
| 30 | 41 | 22 |
| 31 | 41 | 22 |
Humidity in January
Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in January
Winds average 9 km/h in January.
Across January, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
| 31 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in January
Daylight runs from about 8 h 18 min at the start of January to 9 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 8:24 AM to 8:07 AM, and sunset from 4:42 PM to 5:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:24 | 8:23 | 8:23 | 8:23 | 8:22 | 8:22 | 8:21 | 8:21 | 8:20 | 8:20 | 8:19 | 8:18 | 8:17 | 8:17 | 8:16 | 8:15 | 8:14 | 8:13 | 8:12 | 8:11 | 8:10 | 8:09 | 8:08 | 8:07 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:42 | 4:42 | 4:43 | 4:44 | 4:45 | 4:46 | 4:47 | 4:48 | 4:50 | 4:51 | 4:52 | 4:53 | 4:54 | 4:55 | 4:57 | 4:58 | 4:59 | 5:01 | 5:02 | 5:03 | 5:05 | 5:06 | 5:07 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:18 | 5:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:42 |
| 2 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:42 |
| 3 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:43 |
| 4 | 8.3 | 8:24 | 4:44 |
| 5 | 8.4 | 8:24 | 4:45 |
| 6 | 8.4 | 8:24 | 4:46 |
| 7 | 8.4 | 8:24 | 4:47 |
| 8 | 8.4 | 8:24 | 4:48 |
| 9 | 8.4 | 8:23 | 4:50 |
| 10 | 8.5 | 8:23 | 4:51 |
| 11 | 8.5 | 8:23 | 4:52 |
| 12 | 8.5 | 8:22 | 4:53 |
| 13 | 8.5 | 8:22 | 4:54 |
| 14 | 8.6 | 8:21 | 4:55 |
| 15 | 8.6 | 8:21 | 4:57 |
| 16 | 8.6 | 8:20 | 4:58 |
| 17 | 8.7 | 8:20 | 4:59 |
| 18 | 8.7 | 8:19 | 5:01 |
| 19 | 8.7 | 8:18 | 5:02 |
| 20 | 8.8 | 8:17 | 5:03 |
| 21 | 8.8 | 8:17 | 5:05 |
| 22 | 8.8 | 8:16 | 5:06 |
| 23 | 8.9 | 8:15 | 5:07 |
| 24 | 8.9 | 8:14 | 5:09 |
| 25 | 9.0 | 8:13 | 5:10 |
| 26 | 9.0 | 8:12 | 5:12 |
| 27 | 9.0 | 8:11 | 5:13 |
| 28 | 9.1 | 8:10 | 5:15 |
| 29 | 9.1 | 8:09 | 5:16 |
| 30 | 9.2 | 8:08 | 5:18 |
| 31 | 9.2 | 8:07 | 5:19 |
Solar energy in January
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 1.21 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.98 kWh/m² to a high of 5.59 kWh/m² in June across the year — January's 1.21 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.0 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 31 | 1.6 | Dim |
Is January a good time to visit Saint-Louis?
Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
January is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Saint-Louis.
What to pack for Saint-Louis in January
From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In January, Saint-Louis sees daytime highs around 4°C and nights near -1°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: a heavy coat and rain gear. About 14 days see rain.
UV index in Saint-Louis in January
Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Saint-Louis peaks around July 14 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Saint-Louis?
Saint-Louis sits at 47.6°N, 7.6°E, 248 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Basel, 4.0 km away.
Topography around Saint-Louis
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Saint-Louis.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Saint-Louis has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 49 m around an average of 256 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 626 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,427 m.
The land around Saint-Louis is covered by artificial surfaces (46%) within 3 km, trees (43%) and cropland (26%) within 16 km, and trees (54%) and grassland (23%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Saint-Louis (47.5921°, 7.5592°, elevation 248 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).