Voiron weather in February
In February, Voiron sees average daytime highs of 7°C and overnight lows near -1°C, with 92 mm of precipitation across 11.3 wet days and about 10.1 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 6°C in the first days to 9°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 30 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Voiron's 7th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Voiron's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 7°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -1°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 92 mm
- 11.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 06 min
- 7:49 AM – 5:55 PM
- Cloud cover
- 63%
- 7th clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.35 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.9
- out of 10
- Air quality
- Excellent
- PM10 15 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 6°C in the first days to 9°C by the end.
A typical February day in Voiron reaches about 7°C in the afternoon and slips back to -1°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 1°C and 13°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 5°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Avg low (°C) | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | -1 |
| 2 | 6 | -1 |
| 3 | 6 | -1 |
| 4 | 6 | -1 |
| 5 | 6 | -1 |
| 6 | 6 | -1 |
| 7 | 6 | -1 |
| 8 | 6 | -1 |
| 9 | 6 | -1 |
| 10 | 7 | -1 |
| 11 | 7 | -1 |
| 12 | 7 | -1 |
| 13 | 7 | -1 |
| 14 | 7 | -1 |
| 15 | 7 | -1 |
| 16 | 7 | -1 |
| 17 | 7 | -1 |
| 18 | 7 | -1 |
| 19 | 8 | -1 |
| 20 | 8 | -1 |
| 21 | 8 | -1 |
| 22 | 8 | 0 |
| 23 | 8 | 0 |
| 24 | 8 | 0 |
| 25 | 8 | 0 |
| 26 | 9 | 0 |
| 27 | 9 | 0 |
| 28 | 9 | 0 |
How February really feels in Voiron
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Voiron weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6° / -2° | 105 | 12.8 | 6.4 | 8.9 | 0.3 |
| Feb | 7° / -1° | 92 | 11.3 | 5.7 | 10.1 | 0.9 |
| Mar | 12° / 2° | 96 | 12.4 | 3.7 | 11.6 | 2.9 |
| Apr | 15° / 5° | 112 | 13.6 | 2.1 | 13.2 | 4.1 |
| May | 19° / 9° | 133 | 15.3 | 0.3 | 14.6 | 5.3 |
| Jun | 23° / 13° | 108 | 13.2 | 0 | 15.4 | 6.3 |
| Jul | 25° / 15° | 97 | 10.9 | 0 | 15.1 | 7.0 |
| Aug | 25° / 14° | 94 | 10.7 | 0 | 13.9 | 7.0 |
| Sep | 20° / 11° | 103 | 10.6 | 0 | 12.3 | 6.3 |
| Oct | 16° / 7° | 111 | 11.5 | 0.3 | 10.7 | 4.7 |
| Nov | 10° / 3° | 132 | 13.1 | 3.3 | 9.3 | 2.0 |
| Dec | 6° / -1° | 116 | 13.1 | 6 | 8.6 | 0.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 25% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 39 |
| Cloudier (%) | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 61 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 | 62 |
| 2 | 38 | 62 |
| 3 | 39 | 61 |
| 4 | 39 | 61 |
| 5 | 38 | 62 |
| 6 | 38 | 62 |
| 7 | 39 | 61 |
| 8 | 39 | 61 |
| 9 | 38 | 62 |
| 10 | 38 | 62 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 38 | 62 |
| 13 | 38 | 62 |
| 14 | 38 | 62 |
| 15 | 38 | 62 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 39 | 61 |
| 18 | 38 | 62 |
| 19 | 39 | 61 |
| 20 | 39 | 61 |
| 21 | 38 | 62 |
| 22 | 40 | 60 |
| 23 | 40 | 60 |
| 24 | 39 | 61 |
| 25 | 39 | 61 |
| 26 | 40 | 60 |
| 27 | 40 | 60 |
| 28 | 39 | 61 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Voiron gets around 92 mm of rain and snow over 11.3 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 41% and peaks near 43% on the wettest days, and about 6 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Snow chance (%) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 | 24 |
| 2 | 42 | 24 |
| 3 | 42 | 24 |
| 4 | 42 | 24 |
| 5 | 42 | 24 |
| 6 | 42 | 24 |
| 7 | 42 | 24 |
| 8 | 42 | 23 |
| 9 | 43 | 23 |
| 10 | 43 | 23 |
| 11 | 43 | 22 |
| 12 | 43 | 22 |
| 13 | 42 | 21 |
| 14 | 42 | 21 |
| 15 | 42 | 20 |
| 16 | 41 | 19 |
| 17 | 41 | 19 |
| 18 | 40 | 18 |
| 19 | 40 | 18 |
| 20 | 40 | 18 |
| 21 | 40 | 18 |
| 22 | 40 | 18 |
| 23 | 40 | 18 |
| 24 | 40 | 18 |
| 25 | 40 | 18 |
| 26 | 41 | 18 |
| 27 | 41 | 18 |
| 28 | 41 | 18 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 30 min at the start of February to 10 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 78 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 8:07 AM to 7:29 AM, and sunset from 5:35 PM to 6:14 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 8:07 | 8:06 | 8:05 | 8:04 | 8:03 | 8:02 | 8:00 | 7:59 | 7:58 | 7:56 | 7:55 | 7:54 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:37 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:30 | 7:29 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:14 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.5 | 8:07 | 5:35 |
| 2 | 9.5 | 8:06 | 5:36 |
| 3 | 9.5 | 8:05 | 5:38 |
| 4 | 9.6 | 8:04 | 5:39 |
| 5 | 9.6 | 8:03 | 5:41 |
| 6 | 9.7 | 8:02 | 5:42 |
| 7 | 9.7 | 8:00 | 5:44 |
| 8 | 9.8 | 7:59 | 5:45 |
| 9 | 9.8 | 7:58 | 5:46 |
| 10 | 9.9 | 7:56 | 5:48 |
| 11 | 9.9 | 7:55 | 5:49 |
| 12 | 10.0 | 7:54 | 5:51 |
| 13 | 10.0 | 7:52 | 5:52 |
| 14 | 10.0 | 7:51 | 5:54 |
| 15 | 10.1 | 7:49 | 5:55 |
| 16 | 10.1 | 7:48 | 5:57 |
| 17 | 10.2 | 7:46 | 5:58 |
| 18 | 10.2 | 7:45 | 5:59 |
| 19 | 10.3 | 7:43 | 6:01 |
| 20 | 10.3 | 7:42 | 6:02 |
| 21 | 10.4 | 7:40 | 6:04 |
| 22 | 10.4 | 7:39 | 6:05 |
| 23 | 10.5 | 7:37 | 6:07 |
| 24 | 10.5 | 7:35 | 6:08 |
| 25 | 10.6 | 7:34 | 6:09 |
| 26 | 10.6 | 7:32 | 6:11 |
| 27 | 10.7 | 7:30 | 6:12 |
| 28 | 10.8 | 7:29 | 6:14 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 2.35 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.21 kWh/m² to a high of 6.23 kWh/m² in July across the year — February's 2.35 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 4 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 5 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.9 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Voiron?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Voiron.
What to pack for Voiron in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Voiron sees daytime highs around 7°C and nights near -1°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: a heavy coat and rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Voiron in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 3. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Voiron peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | High | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Voiron in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Voiron is worst in March — around 17 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 16 | 15 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Moderate |
| Feb | 15 | Moderate |
| Mar | 17 | Moderate |
| Apr | 17 | Moderate |
| May | 14 | Moderate |
| Jun | 16 | Moderate |
| Jul | 12 | Good |
| Aug | 12 | Good |
| Sep | 12 | Moderate |
| Oct | 13 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 15 | Moderate |
Where is Voiron?
Voiron sits at 45.4°N, 5.6°E, 301 m above sea level, in France. The nearest listed city is Saint-Égrève, 16 km away.
Topography around Voiron
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Voiron.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Voiron has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 580 m around an average of 383 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,724 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,838 m.
The land around Voiron is covered by trees (47%), grassland (26%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, trees (56%) and grassland (25%) within 16 km, and trees (52%) and grassland (26%) within 80 km.
France travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 77% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $48,986
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.3
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.1
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 539
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Voiron (45.3647°, 5.5856°, elevation 301 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).