Herborn weather in September
In September, Herborn sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 9°C, with 70 mm of rain across 11 wet days and about 12.4 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 15°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 13 h 24 min at the start of September to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Herborn's 4th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Herborn's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 9°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 70 mm
- 11 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 24 min
- 6:10 AM – 6:32 PM
- Cloud cover
- 66%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.06 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.3
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 19°C in the first days to 15°C by the end.
A typical September day in Herborn reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 9°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 23°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 4°C cooler than August and about 5°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19 | 11 |
| 2 | 19 | 11 |
| 3 | 19 | 11 |
| 4 | 19 | 11 |
| 5 | 19 | 11 |
| 6 | 19 | 10 |
| 7 | 19 | 10 |
| 8 | 18 | 10 |
| 9 | 18 | 10 |
| 10 | 18 | 10 |
| 11 | 18 | 10 |
| 12 | 18 | 10 |
| 13 | 18 | 10 |
| 14 | 18 | 10 |
| 15 | 18 | 9 |
| 16 | 17 | 9 |
| 17 | 17 | 9 |
| 18 | 17 | 9 |
| 19 | 17 | 9 |
| 20 | 17 | 9 |
| 21 | 17 | 9 |
| 22 | 16 | 9 |
| 23 | 16 | 9 |
| 24 | 16 | 9 |
| 25 | 16 | 9 |
| 26 | 16 | 8 |
| 27 | 16 | 8 |
| 28 | 15 | 8 |
| 29 | 15 | 8 |
| 30 | 15 | 8 |
How September really feels in Herborn
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Herborn weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3° / -2° | 81 | 13.4 | 5.2 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 4° / -2° | 65 | 11 | 5.3 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 8° / 1° | 70 | 13 | 2.8 | 11.5 | 1.3 |
| Apr | 13° / 4° | 58 | 11.2 | 0.8 | 13.5 | 3.4 |
| May | 17° / 8° | 69 | 12.4 | 0 | 15.2 | 4.9 |
| Jun | 20° / 11° | 73 | 12.4 | 0 | 16.2 | 5.8 |
| Jul | 22° / 13° | 81 | 13.5 | 0 | 15.8 | 6.1 |
| Aug | 22° / 13° | 79 | 12.1 | 0 | 14.3 | 6.2 |
| Sep | 17° / 9° | 70 | 11 | 0 | 12.4 | 5.3 |
| Oct | 12° / 6° | 71 | 12.4 | 0.1 | 10.4 | 2.9 |
| Nov | 7° / 2° | 71 | 12.5 | 1.9 | 8.7 | 0.7 |
| Dec | 3° / -1° | 90 | 14.4 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 20% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 15% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 65%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 36 | 37 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 27 |
| Cloudier (%) | 64 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 73 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36 | 64 |
| 2 | 37 | 63 |
| 3 | 36 | 64 |
| 4 | 35 | 65 |
| 5 | 36 | 64 |
| 6 | 36 | 64 |
| 7 | 37 | 63 |
| 8 | 36 | 64 |
| 9 | 36 | 64 |
| 10 | 36 | 64 |
| 11 | 36 | 64 |
| 12 | 36 | 64 |
| 13 | 36 | 64 |
| 14 | 35 | 65 |
| 15 | 35 | 65 |
| 16 | 36 | 64 |
| 17 | 36 | 64 |
| 18 | 36 | 64 |
| 19 | 36 | 64 |
| 20 | 36 | 64 |
| 21 | 36 | 64 |
| 22 | 35 | 65 |
| 23 | 35 | 65 |
| 24 | 34 | 66 |
| 25 | 33 | 67 |
| 26 | 32 | 68 |
| 27 | 30 | 70 |
| 28 | 30 | 70 |
| 29 | 29 | 71 |
| 30 | 27 | 73 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Herborn gets around 70 mm of rain over 11 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 38% and peaks near 43% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 37 |
| 2 | 37 |
| 3 | 37 |
| 4 | 37 |
| 5 | 37 |
| 6 | 38 |
| 7 | 38 |
| 8 | 38 |
| 9 | 38 |
| 10 | 38 |
| 11 | 38 |
| 12 | 38 |
| 13 | 38 |
| 14 | 37 |
| 15 | 37 |
| 16 | 37 |
| 17 | 36 |
| 18 | 36 |
| 19 | 36 |
| 20 | 36 |
| 21 | 36 |
| 22 | 36 |
| 23 | 37 |
| 24 | 38 |
| 25 | 38 |
| 26 | 39 |
| 27 | 41 |
| 28 | 42 |
| 29 | 43 |
| 30 | 43 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 87% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 74 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| Comfortable (%) | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Humid (%) | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 74 | 21 | 5 |
| 2 | 76 | 20 | 4 |
| 3 | 77 | 20 | 3 |
| 4 | 78 | 19 | 3 |
| 5 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 6 | 79 | 19 | 2 |
| 7 | 80 | 18 | 2 |
| 8 | 81 | 18 | 1 |
| 9 | 81 | 18 | 1 |
| 10 | 82 | 17 | 1 |
| 11 | 83 | 16 | 1 |
| 12 | 84 | 15 | 1 |
| 13 | 85 | 14 | 1 |
| 14 | 86 | 13 | 1 |
| 15 | 87 | 12 | 1 |
| 16 | 88 | 11 | 1 |
| 17 | 89 | 10 | 1 |
| 18 | 90 | 9 | 1 |
| 19 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 20 | 91 | 8 | 1 |
| 21 | 93 | 7 | 0 |
| 22 | 93 | 7 | 0 |
| 23 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 24 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 25 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 27 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 28 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 29 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| 30 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
Wind in September
Winds average 11 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
| 29 | 11 | calm |
| 30 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 13 h 24 min at the start of September to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 114 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:46 AM to 6:32 AM, and sunset from 7:07 PM to 6:00 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:46 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:57 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:05 | 6:07 | 6:08 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:13 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:21 | 6:23 | 6:24 | 6:26 | 6:27 | 6:29 | 6:31 | 6:32 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:07 | 7:05 | 7:02 | 7:00 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:53 | 6:51 | 6:49 | 6:46 | 6:44 | 6:42 | 6:39 | 6:37 | 6:35 | 6:32 | 6:30 | 6:28 | 6:25 | 6:23 | 6:21 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:14 | 6:11 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:04 | 6:02 | 6:00 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 13.4 | 5:46 | 7:07 |
| 2 | 13.3 | 5:48 | 7:05 |
| 3 | 13.2 | 5:49 | 7:02 |
| 4 | 13.2 | 5:51 | 7:00 |
| 5 | 13.1 | 5:52 | 6:58 |
| 6 | 13.0 | 5:54 | 6:56 |
| 7 | 13.0 | 5:55 | 6:53 |
| 8 | 12.9 | 5:57 | 6:51 |
| 9 | 12.8 | 5:59 | 6:49 |
| 10 | 12.8 | 6:00 | 6:46 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 6:02 | 6:44 |
| 12 | 12.6 | 6:03 | 6:42 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 6:05 | 6:39 |
| 14 | 12.5 | 6:07 | 6:37 |
| 15 | 12.4 | 6:08 | 6:35 |
| 16 | 12.4 | 6:10 | 6:32 |
| 17 | 12.3 | 6:11 | 6:30 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:13 | 6:28 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:15 | 6:25 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 6:16 | 6:23 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:18 | 6:21 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:19 | 6:18 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 6:21 | 6:16 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:23 | 6:14 |
| 25 | 11.8 | 6:24 | 6:11 |
| 26 | 11.7 | 6:26 | 6:09 |
| 27 | 11.7 | 6:27 | 6:07 |
| 28 | 11.6 | 6:29 | 6:04 |
| 29 | 11.5 | 6:31 | 6:02 |
| 30 | 11.5 | 6:32 | 6:00 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 3.06 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.59 kWh/m² to a high of 5.36 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 3.06 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 20 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 21 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 22 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 23 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 24 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 29 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 30 | 2.3 | Moderate |
Is September a good time to visit Herborn?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Herborn for sightseeing.
What to pack for Herborn in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Herborn sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 9°C. Worth packing: rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Herborn in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Herborn peaks around July 14 at about 7 (high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 6 | High |
| Jul | 7 | High |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Herborn?
Herborn sits at 50.7°N, 8.3°E, 205 m above sea level, in Germany. The nearest listed city is Dillenburg, 7.0 km away.
Topography around Herborn
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Herborn.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Herborn has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 235 m around an average of 286 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 537 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 850 m.
The land around Herborn is covered by trees (65%) and grassland (21%) within 3 km, trees (66%) and grassland (26%) within 16 km, and trees (58%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.
Germany travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 80% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $60,496
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 615
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Herborn (50.6814°, 8.3037°, elevation 205 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).