Marienberg weather in February
In February, Marienberg sees average daytime highs of 2°C and overnight lows near -3°C, with 55 mm of precipitation across 11.8 wet days and about 9.7 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 1°C in the first days to 3°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 8 h 54 min at the start of February to 10 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Marienberg's 9th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Marienberg's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 2°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -3°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 55 mm
- 11.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 42 min
- 7:31 AM – 5:13 PM
- Cloud cover
- 73%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 14 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.7 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 1°C in the first days to 3°C by the end.
A typical February day in Marienberg reaches about 2°C in the afternoon and slips back to -3°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -4°C and 8°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Avg low (°C) | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | -4 |
| 2 | 1 | -4 |
| 3 | 1 | -4 |
| 4 | 1 | -4 |
| 5 | 1 | -4 |
| 6 | 1 | -4 |
| 7 | 1 | -4 |
| 8 | 1 | -4 |
| 9 | 1 | -4 |
| 10 | 1 | -4 |
| 11 | 2 | -4 |
| 12 | 2 | -4 |
| 13 | 2 | -4 |
| 14 | 2 | -3 |
| 15 | 2 | -3 |
| 16 | 2 | -3 |
| 17 | 2 | -3 |
| 18 | 2 | -3 |
| 19 | 2 | -3 |
| 20 | 3 | -3 |
| 21 | 3 | -3 |
| 22 | 3 | -3 |
| 23 | 3 | -3 |
| 24 | 3 | -3 |
| 25 | 3 | -3 |
| 26 | 3 | -2 |
| 27 | 4 | -2 |
| 28 | 4 | -2 |
How February really feels in Marienberg
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Marienberg weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1° / -4° | 70 | 13.8 | 10 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 2° / -3° | 55 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 6° / -1° | 70 | 13.9 | 7 | 11.5 | 0.6 |
| Apr | 12° / 3° | 57 | 12.1 | 2.2 | 13.5 | 2.8 |
| May | 16° / 7° | 85 | 14.5 | 0.2 | 15.2 | 4.5 |
| Jun | 19° / 10° | 98 | 14.7 | 0 | 16.2 | 5.4 |
| Jul | 21° / 12° | 107 | 14.8 | 0 | 15.8 | 5.8 |
| Aug | 21° / 12° | 98 | 13.9 | 0 | 14.3 | 5.9 |
| Sep | 17° / 8° | 74 | 12 | 0 | 12.4 | 4.9 |
| Oct | 11° / 5° | 65 | 11.9 | 0.9 | 10.4 | 2.6 |
| Nov | 5° / 1° | 63 | 11.6 | 4.2 | 8.7 | 0.4 |
| Dec | 2° / -2° | 70 | 13.8 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 11% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 74%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 23 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 |
| Cloudier (%) | 77 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 77 |
| 2 | 24 | 76 |
| 3 | 25 | 75 |
| 4 | 25 | 75 |
| 5 | 26 | 74 |
| 6 | 26 | 74 |
| 7 | 26 | 74 |
| 8 | 26 | 74 |
| 9 | 26 | 74 |
| 10 | 26 | 74 |
| 11 | 26 | 74 |
| 12 | 26 | 74 |
| 13 | 26 | 74 |
| 14 | 26 | 74 |
| 15 | 26 | 74 |
| 16 | 26 | 74 |
| 17 | 26 | 74 |
| 18 | 26 | 74 |
| 19 | 26 | 74 |
| 20 | 26 | 74 |
| 21 | 26 | 74 |
| 22 | 26 | 74 |
| 23 | 26 | 74 |
| 24 | 26 | 74 |
| 25 | 27 | 73 |
| 26 | 27 | 73 |
| 27 | 27 | 73 |
| 28 | 26 | 74 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Marienberg gets around 55 mm of rain and snow over 11.8 wet days in February, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 43% and peaks near 46% on the wettest days, and about 8 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 |
| Snow chance (%) | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 | 32 |
| 2 | 42 | 31 |
| 3 | 41 | 31 |
| 4 | 41 | 31 |
| 5 | 41 | 30 |
| 6 | 41 | 30 |
| 7 | 41 | 30 |
| 8 | 41 | 30 |
| 9 | 41 | 30 |
| 10 | 41 | 30 |
| 11 | 41 | 31 |
| 12 | 42 | 31 |
| 13 | 43 | 32 |
| 14 | 43 | 33 |
| 15 | 44 | 33 |
| 16 | 45 | 33 |
| 17 | 45 | 34 |
| 18 | 46 | 34 |
| 19 | 46 | 33 |
| 20 | 45 | 33 |
| 21 | 45 | 32 |
| 22 | 45 | 31 |
| 23 | 44 | 30 |
| 24 | 44 | 29 |
| 25 | 43 | 29 |
| 26 | 43 | 28 |
| 27 | 42 | 27 |
| 28 | 42 | 26 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 14 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | light breeze |
| 2 | 14 | light breeze |
| 3 | 14 | light breeze |
| 4 | 14 | light breeze |
| 5 | 14 | light breeze |
| 6 | 14 | light breeze |
| 7 | 14 | light breeze |
| 8 | 14 | light breeze |
| 9 | 14 | light breeze |
| 10 | 14 | light breeze |
| 11 | 14 | light breeze |
| 12 | 14 | light breeze |
| 13 | 14 | light breeze |
| 14 | 14 | light breeze |
| 15 | 14 | light breeze |
| 16 | 14 | light breeze |
| 17 | 14 | light breeze |
| 18 | 14 | light breeze |
| 19 | 14 | light breeze |
| 20 | 14 | light breeze |
| 21 | 14 | light breeze |
| 22 | 14 | light breeze |
| 23 | 14 | light breeze |
| 24 | 14 | light breeze |
| 25 | 14 | light breeze |
| 26 | 14 | light breeze |
| 27 | 14 | light breeze |
| 28 | 14 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 8 h 54 min at the start of February to 10 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 96 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:53 AM to 7:06 AM, and sunset from 4:48 PM to 5:36 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:53 | 7:52 | 7:51 | 7:49 | 7:48 | 7:46 | 7:45 | 7:43 | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:35 | 7:33 | 7:31 | 7:29 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:22 | 7:20 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:14 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:08 | 7:06 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:48 | 4:50 | 4:52 | 4:54 | 4:55 | 4:57 | 4:59 | 5:01 | 5:02 | 5:04 | 5:06 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:11 | 5:13 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:18 | 5:20 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:25 | 5:27 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:32 | 5:34 | 5:36 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.9 | 7:53 | 4:48 |
| 2 | 9.0 | 7:52 | 4:50 |
| 3 | 9.0 | 7:51 | 4:52 |
| 4 | 9.1 | 7:49 | 4:54 |
| 5 | 9.1 | 7:48 | 4:55 |
| 6 | 9.2 | 7:46 | 4:57 |
| 7 | 9.2 | 7:45 | 4:59 |
| 8 | 9.3 | 7:43 | 5:01 |
| 9 | 9.3 | 7:41 | 5:02 |
| 10 | 9.4 | 7:40 | 5:04 |
| 11 | 9.5 | 7:38 | 5:06 |
| 12 | 9.5 | 7:36 | 5:08 |
| 13 | 9.6 | 7:35 | 5:09 |
| 14 | 9.6 | 7:33 | 5:11 |
| 15 | 9.7 | 7:31 | 5:13 |
| 16 | 9.8 | 7:29 | 5:15 |
| 17 | 9.8 | 7:27 | 5:16 |
| 18 | 9.9 | 7:26 | 5:18 |
| 19 | 9.9 | 7:24 | 5:20 |
| 20 | 10.0 | 7:22 | 5:22 |
| 21 | 10.1 | 7:20 | 5:23 |
| 22 | 10.1 | 7:18 | 5:25 |
| 23 | 10.2 | 7:16 | 5:27 |
| 24 | 10.2 | 7:14 | 5:29 |
| 25 | 10.3 | 7:12 | 5:30 |
| 26 | 10.4 | 7:10 | 5:32 |
| 27 | 10.4 | 7:08 | 5:34 |
| 28 | 10.5 | 7:06 | 5:36 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 1.7 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.69 kWh/m² to a high of 5.31 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 1.7 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 23 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 24 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 25 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 26 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 27 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 28 | 2.2 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Marienberg?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Marienberg.
What to pack for Marienberg in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Marienberg sees daytime highs around 2°C and nights near -3°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in Marienberg in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 1. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Marienberg peaks around June 20 at about 7 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 7 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | High | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 1 | Low |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 4 | Moderate |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 7 | High |
| Aug | 6 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 2 | Moderate |
| Nov | 1 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Marienberg in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Marienberg is worst in April — around 16 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.6× the cleanest month (December, 10 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 12 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 10 |
| Level | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Moderate |
| Feb | 12 | Good |
| Mar | 15 | Moderate |
| Apr | 16 | Moderate |
| May | 14 | Moderate |
| Jun | 16 | Moderate |
| Jul | 14 | Moderate |
| Aug | 14 | Moderate |
| Sep | 13 | Moderate |
| Oct | 11 | Good |
| Nov | 11 | Good |
| Dec | 10 | Good |
Where is Marienberg?
Marienberg sits at 50.7°N, 13.2°E, 614 m above sea level, in Germany. The nearest listed city is Annaberg-Buchholz, 13 km away.
Topography around Marienberg
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Marienberg.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Marienberg has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 245 m around an average of 638 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 608 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,205 m.
The land around Marienberg is covered by trees (38%), cropland (31%) and grassland (24%) within 3 km, trees (55%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and trees (42%) and cropland (36%) within 80 km.
Germany travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 80% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $60,496
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 615
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Marienberg (50.6505°, 13.1612°, elevation 614 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).