Ravensburg weather in November
In November, Ravensburg sees average daytime highs of 8°C and overnight lows near 3°C, with 88 mm of precipitation across 12.2 wet days and about 9.1 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 5°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 42 min at the start of November to 8 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Ravensburg's 12th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ravensburg's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 8°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- 3°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 88 mm
- 12.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 hours
- 7:36 AM – 4:37 PM
- Cloud cover
- 75%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.35 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 1.1
- out of 10
Ravensburg is average city in the municipality of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 10°C in the first days to 5°C by the end.
A typical November day in Ravensburg reaches about 8°C in the afternoon and slips back to 3°C overnight — a 4°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 3°C and 12°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 6°C cooler than October and about 4°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Avg low (°C) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 6 |
| 2 | 11 | 6 |
| 3 | 10 | 5 |
| 4 | 10 | 5 |
| 5 | 10 | 5 |
| 6 | 10 | 5 |
| 7 | 9 | 5 |
| 8 | 9 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 | 5 |
| 10 | 9 | 4 |
| 11 | 8 | 4 |
| 12 | 8 | 4 |
| 13 | 8 | 4 |
| 14 | 8 | 4 |
| 15 | 7 | 3 |
| 16 | 7 | 3 |
| 17 | 7 | 3 |
| 18 | 7 | 3 |
| 19 | 7 | 3 |
| 20 | 6 | 3 |
| 21 | 6 | 2 |
| 22 | 6 | 2 |
| 23 | 6 | 2 |
| 24 | 6 | 2 |
| 25 | 6 | 2 |
| 26 | 5 | 2 |
| 27 | 5 | 2 |
| 28 | 5 | 2 |
| 29 | 5 | 2 |
| 30 | 5 | 1 |
How November really feels in Ravensburg
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 9 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Ravensburg weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3° / -1° | 77 | 12.3 | 6.4 | 8.6 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 5° / -1° | 67 | 11.2 | 6.1 | 9.9 | 0.1 |
| Mar | 9° / 2° | 83 | 13.9 | 4.2 | 11.6 | 1.8 |
| Apr | 14° / 6° | 80 | 12.8 | 1.2 | 13.4 | 3.6 |
| May | 18° / 11° | 120 | 14.8 | 0 | 14.9 | 5.1 |
| Jun | 22° / 14° | 123 | 15 | 0 | 15.7 | 5.8 |
| Jul | 23° / 16° | 132 | 15 | 0 | 15.4 | 6.2 |
| Aug | 23° / 16° | 120 | 14.2 | 0 | 14.1 | 6.3 |
| Sep | 18° / 12° | 97 | 12 | 0 | 12.4 | 5.6 |
| Oct | 13° / 8° | 84 | 11.7 | 0.3 | 10.6 | 3.6 |
| Nov | 8° / 3° | 88 | 12.2 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 1.1 |
| Dec | 4° / 0° | 91 | 13.9 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 13% of the time in November, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 74%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 31 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Cloudier (%) | 69 | 70 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 69 |
| 2 | 30 | 70 |
| 3 | 30 | 70 |
| 4 | 28 | 72 |
| 5 | 28 | 72 |
| 6 | 27 | 73 |
| 7 | 27 | 73 |
| 8 | 26 | 74 |
| 9 | 25 | 75 |
| 10 | 25 | 75 |
| 11 | 25 | 75 |
| 12 | 25 | 75 |
| 13 | 24 | 76 |
| 14 | 23 | 77 |
| 15 | 24 | 76 |
| 16 | 24 | 76 |
| 17 | 24 | 76 |
| 18 | 24 | 76 |
| 19 | 24 | 76 |
| 20 | 24 | 76 |
| 21 | 25 | 75 |
| 22 | 25 | 75 |
| 23 | 26 | 74 |
| 24 | 25 | 75 |
| 25 | 25 | 75 |
| 26 | 25 | 75 |
| 27 | 25 | 75 |
| 28 | 25 | 75 |
| 29 | 25 | 75 |
| 30 | 25 | 75 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Ravensburg gets around 88 mm of rain and snow over 12.2 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 40% and peaks near 42% on the wettest days, and about 3 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| Snow chance (%) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 36 | 2 |
| 2 | 37 | 2 |
| 3 | 37 | 2 |
| 4 | 38 | 2 |
| 5 | 38 | 3 |
| 6 | 39 | 3 |
| 7 | 39 | 4 |
| 8 | 40 | 4 |
| 9 | 40 | 5 |
| 10 | 41 | 5 |
| 11 | 41 | 6 |
| 12 | 41 | 7 |
| 13 | 41 | 8 |
| 14 | 42 | 9 |
| 15 | 41 | 10 |
| 16 | 41 | 11 |
| 17 | 41 | 11 |
| 18 | 41 | 12 |
| 19 | 41 | 13 |
| 20 | 41 | 13 |
| 21 | 41 | 14 |
| 22 | 41 | 14 |
| 23 | 41 | 15 |
| 24 | 41 | 15 |
| 25 | 41 | 15 |
| 26 | 41 | 15 |
| 27 | 41 | 15 |
| 28 | 41 | 15 |
| 29 | 41 | 15 |
| 30 | 41 | 15 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 8 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | calm |
| 2 | 8 | calm |
| 3 | 8 | calm |
| 4 | 8 | calm |
| 5 | 8 | calm |
| 6 | 8 | calm |
| 7 | 8 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 9 h 42 min at the start of November to 8 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 72 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:14 AM to 7:55 AM, and sunset from 4:57 PM to 4:26 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:14 | 7:15 | 7:17 | 7:18 | 7:20 | 7:21 | 7:23 | 7:24 | 7:26 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:34 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:38 | 7:39 | 7:41 | 7:42 | 7:44 | 7:45 | 7:46 | 7:48 | 7:49 | 7:50 | 7:52 | 7:53 | 7:54 | 7:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 4:57 | 4:55 | 4:54 | 4:52 | 4:51 | 4:49 | 4:48 | 4:47 | 4:45 | 4:44 | 4:43 | 4:42 | 4:40 | 4:39 | 4:38 | 4:37 | 4:36 | 4:35 | 4:34 | 4:33 | 4:32 | 4:32 | 4:31 | 4:30 | 4:29 | 4:29 | 4:28 | 4:27 | 4:27 | 4:26 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.7 | 7:14 | 4:57 |
| 2 | 9.7 | 7:15 | 4:55 |
| 3 | 9.6 | 7:17 | 4:54 |
| 4 | 9.6 | 7:18 | 4:52 |
| 5 | 9.5 | 7:20 | 4:51 |
| 6 | 9.5 | 7:21 | 4:49 |
| 7 | 9.4 | 7:23 | 4:48 |
| 8 | 9.4 | 7:24 | 4:47 |
| 9 | 9.3 | 7:26 | 4:45 |
| 10 | 9.3 | 7:28 | 4:44 |
| 11 | 9.2 | 7:29 | 4:43 |
| 12 | 9.2 | 7:31 | 4:42 |
| 13 | 9.1 | 7:32 | 4:40 |
| 14 | 9.1 | 7:34 | 4:39 |
| 15 | 9.1 | 7:35 | 4:38 |
| 16 | 9.0 | 7:36 | 4:37 |
| 17 | 9.0 | 7:38 | 4:36 |
| 18 | 8.9 | 7:39 | 4:35 |
| 19 | 8.9 | 7:41 | 4:34 |
| 20 | 8.9 | 7:42 | 4:33 |
| 21 | 8.8 | 7:44 | 4:32 |
| 22 | 8.8 | 7:45 | 4:32 |
| 23 | 8.7 | 7:46 | 4:31 |
| 24 | 8.7 | 7:48 | 4:30 |
| 25 | 8.7 | 7:49 | 4:29 |
| 26 | 8.6 | 7:50 | 4:29 |
| 27 | 8.6 | 7:52 | 4:28 |
| 28 | 8.6 | 7:53 | 4:27 |
| 29 | 8.5 | 7:54 | 4:27 |
| 30 | 8.5 | 7:55 | 4:26 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 1.35 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 0.99 kWh/m² to a high of 5.48 kWh/m² in June across the year — November's 1.35 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Level | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 2 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 3 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 4 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 5 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 6 | 1.6 | Dim |
| 7 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 8 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 9 | 1.5 | Dim |
| 10 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 11 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 12 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 13 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 14 | 1.4 | Dim |
| 15 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 16 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.3 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.2 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.1 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.1 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Ravensburg?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Ravensburg.
What to pack for Ravensburg in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Ravensburg sees daytime highs around 8°C and nights near 3°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: a heavy coat and rain gear. About 12 days see rain.
UV index in Ravensburg in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ravensburg peaks around July 16 at about 8 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 4 | Moderate |
| Oct | 3 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Ravensburg?
Ravensburg sits at 47.8°N, 9.6°E, 447 m above sea level, in Germany. The nearest listed city is Weingarten, 4.0 km away.
Topography around Ravensburg
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ravensburg.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ravensburg has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 220 m around an average of 493 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 420 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,493 m.
The land around Ravensburg is covered by trees (45%) and artificial surfaces (24%) within 3 km, trees (42%) and grassland (34%) within 16 km, and trees (42%) and grassland (34%) within 80 km.
Germany travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 80% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $60,496
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.9 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.9
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very high
- EF EPI 615
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ravensburg (47.782°, 9.6106°, elevation 447 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).