Atronie weather in April

In April, Atronie sees average daytime highs of 33°C and overnight lows near 24°C, with 100 mm of rain across 16.6 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in April, and the air most often feels oppressive.

Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of April to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, April is Atronie's 7th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Atronie's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 33°; 4th warmest
Overnight low: 24°; 11th coldest
Rainfall: 100 mm; 16.6 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 12 min; 6:05 AM – 6:15 PM
Cloud cover: 76%; 7th clearest
Wind: 9 km/h; 3rd windiest
Solar energy: 5.37 kWh/m²
Travel score: 2.8; out of 10

Atronie is human settlement in Ghana.

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← March Atronie year-round climate May →Best places to visit in April

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in April

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 33°C through the month.

A typical April day in Atronie reaches about 33°C in the afternoon and slips back to 24°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 31°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, April runs about 1°C cooler than March and about 1°C warmer than May.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Avg high (°C)	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33
Avg low (°C)	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	33	24
15	33	24
16	33	24
17	33	24
18	33	24
19	33	24
20	33	24
21	33	24
22	33	24
23	33	24
24	33	24
25	33	24
26	33	24
27	33	24
28	33	24
29	33	24
30	33	24

How April really feels in Atronie

Once humidity and wind are folded in, April averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

The story in April is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.

Atronie weather by month

How April compares with the rest of the year at a glance. April is the 4th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	34° / 22°	15	2.7	11.6	3.9
Feb	35° / 24°	36	6.5	11.8	2.8
Mar	34° / 24°	87	15	12	2.6
Apr	33° / 24°	100	16.6	12.2	2.8
May	32° / 24°	98	19	12.3	3.1
Jun	30° / 23°	108	19.7	12.4	3.7
Jul	29° / 22°	87	17.4	12.4	4.4
Aug	28° / 22°	102	17.9	12.2	4.4
Sep	29° / 23°	127	23	12	3.7
Oct	30° / 23°	106	20.5	11.8	3.7
Nov	31° / 22°	52	10.8	11.7	4.3
Dec	32° / 22°	15	3.8	11.6	4.7

Cloud cover in April

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 7% of the time in April.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 18% of April, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 76%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Clearer (%)	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	27	26	24	24	23	23	22	21	21	21	21	21	21	22	22	22	22
Cloudier (%)	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	73	74	76	76	77	77	78	79	79	79	79	79	79	78	78	78	78

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	27	73
2	27	73
3	27	73
4	27	73
5	27	73
6	27	73
7	27	73
8	27	73
9	27	73
10	27	73
11	27	73
12	27	73
13	27	73
14	27	73
15	26	74
16	24	76
17	24	76
18	23	77
19	23	77
20	22	78
21	21	79
22	21	79
23	21	79
24	21	79
25	21	79
26	21	79
27	22	78
28	22	78
29	22	78
30	22	78

Chance of precipitation in April

Any precipitation

Atronie gets around 100 mm of rain over 16.6 wet days in April. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 55% and peaks near 60% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Rain chance (%)	52	52	52	53	53	53	53	53	53	53	54	54	54	54	54	55	55	55	56	56	57	57	58	58	59	59	60	60	60	60

	Rain chance (%)
1	52
2	52
3	52
4	53
5	53
6	53
7	53
8	53
9	53
10	53
11	54
12	54
13	54
14	54
15	54
16	55
17	55
18	55
19	56
20	56
21	57
22	57
23	58
24	58
25	59
26	59
27	60
28	60
29	60
30	60

Humidity in April

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of April feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, April lands in the oppressive band about 95% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Muggy (%)	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oppressive (%)	95	95	95	96	96	95	95	95	95	95	95	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	94	95	95	95	95	96	96	96
Miserable (%)	4	4	4	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	4	4	4

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	95	4
2	1	95	4
3	1	95	4
4	0	96	4
5	0	96	4
6	0	95	5
7	0	95	5
8	0	95	5
9	0	95	5
10	0	95	5
11	0	95	5
12	0	94	6
13	0	94	6
14	0	94	6
15	0	94	6
16	0	94	6
17	0	94	6
18	0	94	6
19	0	94	6
20	0	94	6
21	0	94	6
22	0	94	6
23	0	94	6
24	0	95	5
25	0	95	5
26	0	95	5
27	0	95	5
28	0	96	4
29	0	96	4
30	0	96	4

Wind in April

Winds average 9 km/h in April.

Across April, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Wind speed (km/h)	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	9	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	9	calm
2	9	calm
3	9	calm
4	9	calm
5	9	calm
6	9	calm
7	9	calm
8	9	calm
9	9	calm
10	9	calm
11	9	calm
12	9	calm
13	9	calm
14	9	calm
15	9	calm
16	9	calm
17	9	calm
18	9	calm
19	9	calm
20	9	calm
21	9	calm
22	9	calm
23	8	calm
24	8	calm
25	8	calm
26	8	calm
27	8	calm
28	8	calm
29	8	calm
30	8	calm

Sunrise & sunset in April

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of April to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 6 minutes over April. Sunrise moves from 6:13 AM to 6:00 AM, and sunset from 6:16 PM to 6:14 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Daylight (h)	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2	12.2
Sunrise (AM)	6:13	6:12	6:11	6:11	6:10	6:10	6:09	6:09	6:08	6:08	6:07	6:07	6:07	6:06	6:06	6:05	6:05	6:04	6:04	6:03	6:03	6:03	6:02	6:02	6:01	6:01	6:01	6:00	6:00	6:00
Sunset (PM)	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:16	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:15	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14	6:14

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	12.1	6:13	6:16
2	12.1	6:12	6:16
3	12.1	6:11	6:16
4	12.1	6:11	6:16
5	12.1	6:10	6:16
6	12.1	6:10	6:15
7	12.1	6:09	6:15
8	12.1	6:09	6:15
9	12.1	6:08	6:15
10	12.1	6:08	6:15
11	12.1	6:07	6:15
12	12.1	6:07	6:15
13	12.1	6:07	6:15
14	12.1	6:06	6:15
15	12.2	6:06	6:15
16	12.2	6:05	6:15
17	12.2	6:05	6:14
18	12.2	6:04	6:14
19	12.2	6:04	6:14
20	12.2	6:03	6:14
21	12.2	6:03	6:14
22	12.2	6:03	6:14
23	12.2	6:02	6:14
24	12.2	6:02	6:14
25	12.2	6:01	6:14
26	12.2	6:01	6:14
27	12.2	6:01	6:14
28	12.2	6:00	6:14
29	12.2	6:00	6:14
30	12.2	6:00	6:14

Solar energy in April

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in April, about 5.37 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.69 kWh/m² to a high of 5.58 kWh/m² in February across the year — April's 5.37 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.2
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.4	Bright
2	5.4	Bright
3	5.4	Bright
4	5.4	Bright
5	5.4	Bright
6	5.4	Bright
7	5.4	Bright
8	5.4	Bright
9	5.4	Bright
10	5.4	Bright
11	5.4	Bright
12	5.4	Bright
13	5.4	Bright
14	5.4	Bright
15	5.4	Bright
16	5.4	Bright
17	5.4	Bright
18	5.4	Bright
19	5.4	Bright
20	5.4	Bright
21	5.4	Bright
22	5.3	Bright
23	5.3	Bright
24	5.3	Bright
25	5.3	Bright
26	5.3	Bright
27	5.3	Bright
28	5.2	Bright
29	5.2	Bright
30	5.2	Bright

Planning a trip in April

Hazard calendar for Atronie

In seasonPeak

In April, Atronie sits inside its dust season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.

Atronie sees seasonal dust haze (January–April), heaviest in February.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is April a good time to visit Atronie?

Our two travel scores rate April for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

2.8

Sightseeing

10th-best month of the year

5.0

Beach & pool

10th-best month of the year

April is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Atronie.

What to pack for Atronie in April

From April's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In April, Atronie sees daytime highs around 33°C and nights near 24°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 17 days see rain.

light clothesrain gearsun protection

UV index in Atronie in April

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in April peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Atronie peaks around April 13 at about 13 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 9 (very high).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	9	12	12	13	11	11	10	12	13	12	10	9
Level	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Very high

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	9	Very high
Feb	12	Extreme
Mar	12	Extreme
Apr	13	Extreme
May	11	Extreme
Jun	11	Extreme
Jul	10	Extreme
Aug	12	Extreme
Sep	13	Extreme
Oct	12	Extreme
Nov	10	Very high
Dec	9	Very high

Air quality in Atronie in April

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where April falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Atronie is worst in February — around 103 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 6.0× the cleanest month (August, 17 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	97	103	45	39	23	19	18	17	18	25	34	82
Level	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Poor	Poor	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Unhealthy

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	97	Unhealthy
Feb	103	Unhealthy
Mar	45	Poor
Apr	39	Poor
May	23	Moderate
Jun	19	Moderate
Jul	18	Moderate
Aug	17	Moderate
Sep	18	Moderate
Oct	25	Moderate
Nov	34	Moderate
Dec	82	Unhealthy

Location & terrain

Where is Atronie?

Atronie sits at 7.2°N, 2.4°W, 246 m above sea level, in Ghana. The nearest listed city is Sunyani, 22 km away.

Topography around Atronie

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Atronie.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Atronie has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 145 m around an average of 253 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 402 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 738 m.

The land around Atronie is covered by trees (83%) within 3 km, trees (88%) within 16 km, and trees (80%) within 80 km.

3 km

145 m

trees 83%

16 km

402 m

trees 88%

80 km

738 m

trees 80%

treesshrubsgrasslandartificial surfacesbare terrain

← March Atronie year-round climate May →Best places to visit in April

April weather nearby: Sunyani 22 km · Nsoatre 29 km · Tepa 31 km · Mim 33 km · Duayaw-Nkwanta 34 km · Berekum 39 km · Goaso 41 km · Bechem 43 km

Ghana travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type D / G; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 38% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $3,257; 2025
Happiness: 4.6 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 43%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.8; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 25.7; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Lower middle; World Bank
English: Moderate; EF EPI 540
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Atronie (7.1534°, -2.405°, elevation 246 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	33	24
15	33	24
16	33	24
17	33	24
18	33	24
19	33	24
20	33	24
21	33	24
22	33	24
23	33	24
24	33	24
25	33	24
26	33	24
27	33	24
28	33	24
29	33	24
30	33	24

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	27	73
2	27	73
3	27	73
4	27	73
5	27	73
6	27	73
7	27	73
8	27	73
9	27	73
10	27	73
11	27	73
12	27	73
13	27	73
14	27	73
15	26	74
16	24	76
17	24	76
18	23	77
19	23	77
20	22	78
21	21	79
22	21	79
23	21	79
24	21	79
25	21	79
26	21	79
27	22	78
28	22	78
29	22	78
30	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	52
2	52
3	52
4	53
5	53
6	53
7	53
8	53
9	53
10	53
11	54
12	54
13	54
14	54
15	54
16	55
17	55
18	55
19	56
20	56
21	57
22	57
23	58
24	58
25	59
26	59
27	60
28	60
29	60
30	60

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	95	4
2	1	95	4
3	1	95	4
4	0	96	4
5	0	96	4
6	0	95	5
7	0	95	5
8	0	95	5
9	0	95	5
10	0	95	5
11	0	95	5
12	0	94	6
13	0	94	6
14	0	94	6
15	0	94	6
16	0	94	6
17	0	94	6
18	0	94	6
19	0	94	6
20	0	94	6
21	0	94	6
22	0	94	6
23	0	94	6
24	0	95	5
25	0	95	5
26	0	95	5
27	0	95	5
28	0	96	4
29	0	96	4
30	0	96	4

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	33	24
15	33	24
16	33	24
17	33	24
18	33	24
19	33	24
20	33	24
21	33	24
22	33	24
23	33	24
24	33	24
25	33	24
26	33	24
27	33	24
28	33	24
29	33	24
30	33	24

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	27	73
2	27	73
3	27	73
4	27	73
5	27	73
6	27	73
7	27	73
8	27	73
9	27	73
10	27	73
11	27	73
12	27	73
13	27	73
14	27	73
15	26	74
16	24	76
17	24	76
18	23	77
19	23	77
20	22	78
21	21	79
22	21	79
23	21	79
24	21	79
25	21	79
26	21	79
27	22	78
28	22	78
29	22	78
30	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	52
2	52
3	52
4	53
5	53
6	53
7	53
8	53
9	53
10	53
11	54
12	54
13	54
14	54
15	54
16	55
17	55
18	55
19	56
20	56
21	57
22	57
23	58
24	58
25	59
26	59
27	60
28	60
29	60
30	60

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	95	4
2	1	95	4
3	1	95	4
4	0	96	4
5	0	96	4
6	0	95	5
7	0	95	5
8	0	95	5
9	0	95	5
10	0	95	5
11	0	95	5
12	0	94	6
13	0	94	6
14	0	94	6
15	0	94	6
16	0	94	6
17	0	94	6
18	0	94	6
19	0	94	6
20	0	94	6
21	0	94	6
22	0	94	6
23	0	94	6
24	0	95	5
25	0	95	5
26	0	95	5
27	0	95	5
28	0	96	4
29	0	96	4
30	0	96	4

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	33	24
2	33	24
3	33	24
4	33	24
5	33	24
6	33	24
7	33	24
8	33	24
9	33	24
10	33	24
11	33	24
12	33	24
13	33	24
14	33	24
15	33	24
16	33	24
17	33	24
18	33	24
19	33	24
20	33	24
21	33	24
22	33	24
23	33	24
24	33	24
25	33	24
26	33	24
27	33	24
28	33	24
29	33	24
30	33	24

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	27	73
2	27	73
3	27	73
4	27	73
5	27	73
6	27	73
7	27	73
8	27	73
9	27	73
10	27	73
11	27	73
12	27	73
13	27	73
14	27	73
15	26	74
16	24	76
17	24	76
18	23	77
19	23	77
20	22	78
21	21	79
22	21	79
23	21	79
24	21	79
25	21	79
26	21	79
27	22	78
28	22	78
29	22	78
30	22	78

	Rain chance (%)
1	52
2	52
3	52
4	53
5	53
6	53
7	53
8	53
9	53
10	53
11	54
12	54
13	54
14	54
15	54
16	55
17	55
18	55
19	56
20	56
21	57
22	57
23	58
24	58
25	59
26	59
27	60
28	60
29	60
30	60

	Muggy (%)	Oppressive (%)	Miserable (%)
1	1	95	4
2	1	95	4
3	1	95	4
4	0	96	4
5	0	96	4
6	0	95	5
7	0	95	5
8	0	95	5
9	0	95	5
10	0	95	5
11	0	95	5
12	0	94	6
13	0	94	6
14	0	94	6
15	0	94	6
16	0	94	6
17	0	94	6
18	0	94	6
19	0	94	6
20	0	94	6
21	0	94	6
22	0	94	6
23	0	94	6
24	0	95	5
25	0	95	5
26	0	95	5
27	0	95	5
28	0	96	4
29	0	96	4
30	0	96	4