Naxos weather in February
In February, Naxos sees average daytime highs of 14°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 65 mm of precipitation across 9.3 wet days and about 10.6 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 06 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Naxos's 10th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Naxos's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 14°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 65 mm
- 9.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 36 min
- 7:16 AM – 5:51 PM
- Cloud cover
- 50%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 30 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.44 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.2
- out of 10
Naxos is chief town of Naxos island, Cyclades, Greece.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 14°C through the month.
A typical February day in Naxos reaches about 14°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 2°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 11°C and 16°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 12 |
| 2 | 14 | 12 |
| 3 | 14 | 12 |
| 4 | 14 | 12 |
| 5 | 14 | 12 |
| 6 | 14 | 12 |
| 7 | 14 | 12 |
| 8 | 14 | 12 |
| 9 | 14 | 12 |
| 10 | 14 | 12 |
| 11 | 14 | 12 |
| 12 | 14 | 12 |
| 13 | 14 | 12 |
| 14 | 14 | 12 |
| 15 | 14 | 12 |
| 16 | 14 | 12 |
| 17 | 14 | 12 |
| 18 | 14 | 12 |
| 19 | 14 | 12 |
| 20 | 14 | 12 |
| 21 | 14 | 12 |
| 22 | 14 | 12 |
| 23 | 14 | 12 |
| 24 | 14 | 12 |
| 25 | 14 | 13 |
| 26 | 14 | 13 |
| 27 | 14 | 13 |
| 28 | 14 | 13 |
Naxos weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14° / 12° | 82 | 11.3 | 9.7 | 4.0 |
| Feb | 14° / 12° | 65 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 4.2 |
| Mar | 15° / 13° | 43 | 6.6 | 11.7 | 5.0 |
| Apr | 16° / 15° | 17 | 3.3 | 12.9 | 6.4 |
| May | 19° / 18° | 8 | 1.6 | 14 | 8.0 |
| Jun | 23° / 21° | 1 | 0.2 | 14.5 | 9.4 |
| Jul | 25° / 23° | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 9.8 |
| Aug | 25° / 24° | 0 | 0 | 13.4 | 9.7 |
| Sep | 23° / 22° | 6 | 1.1 | 12.3 | 9.3 |
| Oct | 21° / 19° | 28 | 3.7 | 11 | 7.9 |
| Nov | 18° / 16° | 42 | 6.4 | 10 | 6.5 |
| Dec | 15° / 14° | 67 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 4.7 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 40% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 21% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 39%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Cloudier (%) | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 58 | 42 |
| 2 | 58 | 42 |
| 3 | 58 | 42 |
| 4 | 58 | 42 |
| 5 | 58 | 42 |
| 6 | 58 | 42 |
| 7 | 58 | 42 |
| 8 | 58 | 42 |
| 9 | 58 | 42 |
| 10 | 58 | 42 |
| 11 | 59 | 41 |
| 12 | 59 | 41 |
| 13 | 59 | 41 |
| 14 | 60 | 40 |
| 15 | 60 | 40 |
| 16 | 60 | 40 |
| 17 | 62 | 38 |
| 18 | 62 | 38 |
| 19 | 63 | 37 |
| 20 | 63 | 37 |
| 21 | 64 | 36 |
| 22 | 64 | 36 |
| 23 | 64 | 36 |
| 24 | 65 | 35 |
| 25 | 65 | 35 |
| 26 | 65 | 35 |
| 27 | 65 | 35 |
| 28 | 65 | 35 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Naxos gets around 65 mm of rain and snow over 9.3 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 33% and peaks near 36% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 34 |
| 2 | 34 |
| 3 | 34 |
| 4 | 34 |
| 5 | 34 |
| 6 | 34 |
| 7 | 34 |
| 8 | 35 |
| 9 | 35 |
| 10 | 35 |
| 11 | 35 |
| 12 | 36 |
| 13 | 36 |
| 14 | 35 |
| 15 | 35 |
| 16 | 35 |
| 17 | 34 |
| 18 | 34 |
| 19 | 33 |
| 20 | 32 |
| 21 | 32 |
| 22 | 31 |
| 23 | 30 |
| 24 | 29 |
| 25 | 28 |
| 26 | 27 |
| 27 | 27 |
| 28 | 26 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 95% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 |
| Comfortable (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 97 | 3 |
| 2 | 97 | 3 |
| 3 | 97 | 3 |
| 4 | 97 | 3 |
| 5 | 96 | 4 |
| 6 | 96 | 4 |
| 7 | 96 | 4 |
| 8 | 96 | 4 |
| 9 | 95 | 5 |
| 10 | 95 | 5 |
| 11 | 95 | 5 |
| 12 | 95 | 5 |
| 13 | 95 | 5 |
| 14 | 95 | 5 |
| 15 | 94 | 6 |
| 16 | 94 | 6 |
| 17 | 94 | 6 |
| 18 | 94 | 6 |
| 19 | 94 | 6 |
| 20 | 94 | 6 |
| 21 | 94 | 6 |
| 22 | 94 | 6 |
| 23 | 93 | 7 |
| 24 | 93 | 7 |
| 25 | 93 | 7 |
| 26 | 93 | 7 |
| 27 | 92 | 8 |
| 28 | 92 | 8 |
Wind in February
Winds average 30 km/h in February, the windiest month of the year.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 28 km/h on the calmest days to 30 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Feels | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | windy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | windy |
| 2 | 30 | windy |
| 3 | 30 | windy |
| 4 | 30 | windy |
| 5 | 30 | windy |
| 6 | 30 | windy |
| 7 | 30 | windy |
| 8 | 30 | windy |
| 9 | 30 | windy |
| 10 | 30 | windy |
| 11 | 30 | windy |
| 12 | 30 | windy |
| 13 | 30 | windy |
| 14 | 30 | windy |
| 15 | 29 | windy |
| 16 | 29 | windy |
| 17 | 29 | windy |
| 18 | 29 | breezy |
| 19 | 29 | breezy |
| 20 | 29 | breezy |
| 21 | 28 | breezy |
| 22 | 28 | breezy |
| 23 | 28 | breezy |
| 24 | 28 | breezy |
| 25 | 28 | breezy |
| 26 | 28 | breezy |
| 27 | 28 | breezy |
| 28 | 28 | breezy |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 06 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 60 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:28 AM to 7:00 AM, and sunset from 5:36 PM to 6:04 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:11 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:04 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.1 | 7:28 | 5:36 |
| 2 | 10.2 | 7:28 | 5:37 |
| 3 | 10.2 | 7:27 | 5:38 |
| 4 | 10.2 | 7:26 | 5:39 |
| 5 | 10.2 | 7:25 | 5:40 |
| 6 | 10.3 | 7:24 | 5:41 |
| 7 | 10.3 | 7:23 | 5:42 |
| 8 | 10.3 | 7:23 | 5:43 |
| 9 | 10.4 | 7:22 | 5:44 |
| 10 | 10.4 | 7:21 | 5:45 |
| 11 | 10.4 | 7:20 | 5:46 |
| 12 | 10.5 | 7:19 | 5:47 |
| 13 | 10.5 | 7:18 | 5:48 |
| 14 | 10.5 | 7:17 | 5:50 |
| 15 | 10.6 | 7:16 | 5:51 |
| 16 | 10.6 | 7:14 | 5:52 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 7:13 | 5:53 |
| 18 | 10.7 | 7:12 | 5:54 |
| 19 | 10.7 | 7:11 | 5:55 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 7:10 | 5:56 |
| 21 | 10.8 | 7:09 | 5:57 |
| 22 | 10.8 | 7:07 | 5:58 |
| 23 | 10.9 | 7:06 | 5:59 |
| 24 | 10.9 | 7:05 | 6:00 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 7:04 | 6:01 |
| 26 | 11.0 | 7:02 | 6:02 |
| 27 | 11.0 | 7:01 | 6:03 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 7:00 | 6:04 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.44 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.15 kWh/m² to a high of 7.91 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 3.44 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 25 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 26 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.1 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Naxos?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Naxos for sightseeing.
What to pack for Naxos in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Naxos sees daytime highs around 14°C and nights near 12°C. Pack a windbreaker. Worth having: a warm layer and rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Naxos in February
The nearest coast averages about 16°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in August at about 24°C and coldest in February near 16°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jun 1 to Nov 2 — about 5.1 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 23 | 21 | 19 | 17 |
| Comfort | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Cool |
| Feb | 16 | Cool |
| Mar | 16 | Cool |
| Apr | 17 | Cool |
| May | 18 | Cool |
| Jun | 22 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 23 | Refreshing |
| Aug | 24 | Refreshing |
| Sep | 23 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 21 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 19 | Cool |
| Dec | 17 | Cool |
UV index in Naxos in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 3 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Naxos peaks around June 23 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 1 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 7 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 7 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Naxos?
Naxos sits at 37.1°N, 25.4°E, 0 m above sea level, in Greece. The nearest listed city is Paros, 20 km away.
Topography around Naxos
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Naxos.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Naxos has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 323 m around an average of 26 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 985 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 996 m.
The land around Naxos is covered by water (55%) and grassland (23%) within 3 km, water (55%) and grassland (26%) within 16 km, and water (92%) within 80 km.
Greece travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 60% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $26,948
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.8
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 8.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 592
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Naxos (37.1056°, 25.3764°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).