Jodhpur weather in January

In January, Jodhpur sees average daytime highs of 24°C and overnight lows near 11°C, with 3 mm of rain across 0.7 wet days and about 10.5 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 83% of the time in January, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 10 h 24 min at the start of January to 10 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, January is Jodhpur's 5th-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Jodhpur's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 24°; 12th warmest
Overnight low: 11°; 1st coldest
Rainfall: 3 mm; 0.7 wet days
Daylight: 10 h 30 min; 7:32 AM – 6:03 PM
Cloud cover: 17%; 5th clearest
Wind: 10 km/h; 9th windiest
Solar energy: 4.5 kWh/m²
Travel score: 9.4; out of 10

Jodhpur is city in Rajasthan, India.

Air quality: Severe; PM10 239.8 µg/m³ · 2019
Density: 4,533/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1459

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← December Jodhpur year-round climate February →Best places to visit in January

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in January

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 24°C through the month.

A typical January day in Jodhpur reaches about 24°C in the afternoon and slips back to 11°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, January runs about 2°C cooler than December and about 3°C cooler than February.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	24	25	25	25	25	25	25	25
Avg low (°C)	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	12	12	12

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	24	11
3	24	10
4	24	10
5	24	10
6	24	10
7	24	10
8	24	10
9	24	10
10	24	10
11	24	10
12	24	10
13	24	10
14	24	11
15	24	11
16	24	11
17	24	11
18	24	11
19	24	11
20	24	11
21	24	11
22	24	11
23	24	11
24	24	11
25	25	11
26	25	11
27	25	11
28	25	11
29	25	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

How January really feels in Jodhpur

Once humidity and wind are folded in, January averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.

Days feeling ≥ 32°C

heat index over the day's high

Days feeling ≤ 0°C

wind chill below the day's low

January sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.

Jodhpur weather by month

How January compares with the rest of the year at a glance. January is the 12th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	24° / 11°	3	0.7	10.5	9.4
Feb	27° / 14°	4	0.7	11.1	8.3
Mar	33° / 19°	2	0.6	11.8	4.7
Apr	38° / 25°	3	0.9	12.6	1.3
May	41° / 29°	5	1.1	13.3	0.0
Jun	39° / 29°	26	3.9	13.6	0.5
Jul	35° / 28°	108	11	13.5	2.3
Aug	33° / 26°	98	11.9	12.9	3.3
Sep	35° / 26°	38	4.8	12.2	3.2
Oct	35° / 22°	8	1	11.4	3.4
Nov	31° / 16°	2	0.5	10.7	6.5
Dec	26° / 12°	1	0.2	10.4	9.1

Cloud cover in January

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 83% of the time in January.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of January, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 10%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	92	92	91	91	91	91	90	90	89	89	89	89	88	88	88	88	88	88	89	89	89	89	90	90	90	90	91	91	92	92	92
Cloudier (%)	8	8	9	9	9	9	10	10	11	11	11	11	12	12	12	12	12	12	11	11	11	11	10	10	10	10	9	9	8	8	8

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	92	8
2	92	8
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	91	9
6	91	9
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	89	11
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	89	11
20	89	11
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	90	10
24	90	10
25	90	10
26	90	10
27	91	9
28	91	9
29	92	8
30	92	8
31	92	8

Chance of precipitation in January

Any precipitation

Jodhpur gets around 3 mm of rain over 0.7 wet days in January. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 2% and peaks near 3% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	1
4	1
5	2
6	2
7	2
8	2
9	2
10	2
11	2
12	2
13	3
14	3
15	3
16	3
17	3
18	3
19	3
20	3
21	3
22	3
23	3
24	3
25	3
26	3
27	3
28	3
29	3
30	3
31	3

Humidity in January

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of January feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, January lands in the dry band about 98% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	99	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98	98
Comfortable (%)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	98	2
13	98	2
14	98	2
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	98	2
23	98	2
24	98	2
25	98	2
26	98	2
27	98	2
28	98	2
29	98	2
30	98	2
31	98	2

Wind in January

Winds average 10 km/h in January.

Across January, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Feels	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm	calm

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	10	calm
2	10	calm
3	10	calm
4	10	calm
5	10	calm
6	10	calm
7	10	calm
8	10	calm
9	10	calm
10	10	calm
11	10	calm
12	10	calm
13	10	calm
14	10	calm
15	10	calm
16	10	calm
17	10	calm
18	10	calm
19	10	calm
20	10	calm
21	10	calm
22	10	calm
23	10	calm
24	10	calm
25	10	calm
26	10	calm
27	10	calm
28	10	calm
29	10	calm
30	10	calm
31	10	calm

Sunrise & sunset in January

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 10 h 24 min at the start of January to 10 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 24 minutes over January. Sunrise moves from 7:30 AM to 7:28 AM, and sunset from 5:53 PM to 6:14 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.4	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.7	10.8
Sunrise (AM)	7:30	7:30	7:30	7:30	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:32	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:31	7:30	7:30	7:30	7:29	7:29	7:29	7:28
Sunset (PM)	5:53	5:53	5:54	5:54	5:55	5:56	5:56	5:57	5:58	5:59	5:59	6:00	6:01	6:01	6:02	6:03	6:04	6:04	6:05	6:06	6:07	6:07	6:08	6:09	6:10	6:10	6:11	6:12	6:13	6:13	6:14

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	10.4	7:30	5:53
2	10.4	7:30	5:53
3	10.4	7:30	5:54
4	10.4	7:30	5:54
5	10.4	7:31	5:55
6	10.4	7:31	5:56
7	10.4	7:31	5:56
8	10.4	7:31	5:57
9	10.4	7:31	5:58
10	10.5	7:31	5:59
11	10.5	7:32	5:59
12	10.5	7:32	6:00
13	10.5	7:32	6:01
14	10.5	7:32	6:01
15	10.5	7:32	6:02
16	10.5	7:32	6:03
17	10.5	7:32	6:04
18	10.5	7:32	6:04
19	10.6	7:31	6:05
20	10.6	7:31	6:06
21	10.6	7:31	6:07
22	10.6	7:31	6:07
23	10.6	7:31	6:08
24	10.6	7:31	6:09
25	10.7	7:30	6:10
26	10.7	7:30	6:10
27	10.7	7:30	6:11
28	10.7	7:29	6:12
29	10.7	7:29	6:13
30	10.7	7:29	6:13
31	10.8	7:28	6:14

Solar energy in January

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in January, about 4.5 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.22 kWh/m² to a high of 7.56 kWh/m² in May across the year — January's 4.5 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.9
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	4.3	Bright
2	4.3	Bright
3	4.3	Bright
4	4.3	Bright
5	4.3	Bright
6	4.3	Bright
7	4.3	Bright
8	4.4	Bright
9	4.4	Bright
10	4.4	Bright
11	4.4	Bright
12	4.4	Bright
13	4.4	Bright
14	4.5	Bright
15	4.5	Bright
16	4.5	Bright
17	4.5	Bright
18	4.5	Bright
19	4.5	Bright
20	4.6	Bright
21	4.6	Bright
22	4.6	Bright
23	4.7	Bright
24	4.7	Bright
25	4.7	Bright
26	4.7	Bright
27	4.8	Bright
28	4.8	Bright
29	4.8	Bright
30	4.9	Bright
31	4.9	Bright

Planning a trip in January

Hazard calendar for Jodhpur

In seasonPeak

None of Jodhpur's seasonal hazards are active in January. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.

Jodhpur sees seasonal dust haze (April–August), heaviest in June.

Dust

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Is January a good time to visit Jodhpur?

Our two travel scores rate January for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

9.4

Sightseeing

1st-best month of the year

7.9

Beach & pool

5th-best month of the year

January is one of the better times to visit Jodhpur for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.

What to pack for Jodhpur in January

From January's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In January, Jodhpur sees daytime highs around 24°C and nights near 11°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.

light clothessun protection

UV index in Jodhpur in January

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in January peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Jodhpur peaks around August 17 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 20 at about 5 (moderate).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	5	6	8	10	11	11	9	11	9	8	5	5
Level	Moderate	High	Very high	Very high	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Extreme	Very high	Very high	High	Moderate

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	5	Moderate
Feb	6	High
Mar	8	Very high
Apr	10	Very high
May	11	Extreme
Jun	11	Extreme
Jul	9	Very high
Aug	11	Extreme
Sep	9	Very high
Oct	8	Very high
Nov	5	High
Dec	5	Moderate

Air quality in Jodhpur in January

GoodModeratePoorUnhealthyVery unhealthy

Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where January falls, not just the annual average.

Air quality in Jodhpur is worst in June — around 135 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 2.5× the cleanest month (October, 55 µg/m³).

Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
PM2.5 (µg/m³)	84	75	69	89	134	135	108	85	68	55	80	85
Level	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Unhealthy	Poor	Unhealthy	Unhealthy

	PM2.5 (µg/m³)	Level
Jan	84	Unhealthy
Feb	75	Unhealthy
Mar	69	Unhealthy
Apr	89	Unhealthy
May	134	Unhealthy
Jun	135	Unhealthy
Jul	108	Unhealthy
Aug	85	Unhealthy
Sep	68	Unhealthy
Oct	55	Poor
Nov	80	Unhealthy
Dec	85	Unhealthy

Location & terrain

Where is Jodhpur?

Jodhpur sits at 26.3°N, 73.0°E, 237 m above sea level, in India. The nearest listed city is Pushkar, 156 km away.

Topography around Jodhpur

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Jodhpur.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Jodhpur has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 101 m around an average of 244 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 209 m; within 80 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 502 m.

The land around Jodhpur is covered by artificial surfaces (75%) within 3 km, cropland (41%), shrubs (26%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 16 km, and cropland (72%) and shrubs (21%) within 80 km.

3 km

101 m

artificial surfaces 75%

16 km

209 m

cropland 41%

80 km

502 m

cropland 72%

treesshrubscroplandartificial surfacesbare terrain

← December Jodhpur year-round climate February →Best places to visit in January

January weather nearby: Pushkar 156 km · Udaipur 200 km · Jaisalmer 221 km · Jaipur 286 km · Multan 462 km · Fatehpur Sikri 471 km · Delhi 494 km · Agra 508 km

India travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 2; Exercise Increased Caution
Power plugs: Type C / D / M; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 23% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $2,702; 2025
Happiness: 4.5 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 76%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 2.8; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 15.6; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: Lower middle; World Bank
English: Low; EF EPI 484
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Jodhpur (26.2684°, 73.0059°, elevation 237 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	24	11
3	24	10
4	24	10
5	24	10
6	24	10
7	24	10
8	24	10
9	24	10
10	24	10
11	24	10
12	24	10
13	24	10
14	24	11
15	24	11
16	24	11
17	24	11
18	24	11
19	24	11
20	24	11
21	24	11
22	24	11
23	24	11
24	24	11
25	25	11
26	25	11
27	25	11
28	25	11
29	25	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	92	8
2	92	8
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	91	9
6	91	9
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	89	11
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	89	11
20	89	11
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	90	10
24	90	10
25	90	10
26	90	10
27	91	9
28	91	9
29	92	8
30	92	8
31	92	8

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	1
4	1
5	2
6	2
7	2
8	2
9	2
10	2
11	2
12	2
13	3
14	3
15	3
16	3
17	3
18	3
19	3
20	3
21	3
22	3
23	3
24	3
25	3
26	3
27	3
28	3
29	3
30	3
31	3

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	98	2
13	98	2
14	98	2
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	98	2
23	98	2
24	98	2
25	98	2
26	98	2
27	98	2
28	98	2
29	98	2
30	98	2
31	98	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	24	11
3	24	10
4	24	10
5	24	10
6	24	10
7	24	10
8	24	10
9	24	10
10	24	10
11	24	10
12	24	10
13	24	10
14	24	11
15	24	11
16	24	11
17	24	11
18	24	11
19	24	11
20	24	11
21	24	11
22	24	11
23	24	11
24	24	11
25	25	11
26	25	11
27	25	11
28	25	11
29	25	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	92	8
2	92	8
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	91	9
6	91	9
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	89	11
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	89	11
20	89	11
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	90	10
24	90	10
25	90	10
26	90	10
27	91	9
28	91	9
29	92	8
30	92	8
31	92	8

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	1
4	1
5	2
6	2
7	2
8	2
9	2
10	2
11	2
12	2
13	3
14	3
15	3
16	3
17	3
18	3
19	3
20	3
21	3
22	3
23	3
24	3
25	3
26	3
27	3
28	3
29	3
30	3
31	3

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	98	2
13	98	2
14	98	2
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	98	2
23	98	2
24	98	2
25	98	2
26	98	2
27	98	2
28	98	2
29	98	2
30	98	2
31	98	2

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	24	11
2	24	11
3	24	10
4	24	10
5	24	10
6	24	10
7	24	10
8	24	10
9	24	10
10	24	10
11	24	10
12	24	10
13	24	10
14	24	11
15	24	11
16	24	11
17	24	11
18	24	11
19	24	11
20	24	11
21	24	11
22	24	11
23	24	11
24	24	11
25	25	11
26	25	11
27	25	11
28	25	11
29	25	12
30	25	12
31	25	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	92	8
2	92	8
3	91	9
4	91	9
5	91	9
6	91	9
7	90	10
8	90	10
9	89	11
10	89	11
11	89	11
12	89	11
13	88	12
14	88	12
15	88	12
16	88	12
17	88	12
18	88	12
19	89	11
20	89	11
21	89	11
22	89	11
23	90	10
24	90	10
25	90	10
26	90	10
27	91	9
28	91	9
29	92	8
30	92	8
31	92	8

	Rain chance (%)
1	1
2	1
3	1
4	1
5	2
6	2
7	2
8	2
9	2
10	2
11	2
12	2
13	3
14	3
15	3
16	3
17	3
18	3
19	3
20	3
21	3
22	3
23	3
24	3
25	3
26	3
27	3
28	3
29	3
30	3
31	3

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)
1	99	1
2	99	1
3	99	1
4	99	1
5	99	1
6	99	1
7	99	1
8	99	1
9	99	1
10	99	1
11	99	1
12	98	2
13	98	2
14	98	2
15	98	2
16	98	2
17	98	2
18	98	2
19	98	2
20	98	2
21	98	2
22	98	2
23	98	2
24	98	2
25	98	2
26	98	2
27	98	2
28	98	2
29	98	2
30	98	2
31	98	2