Bogor weather in February
In February, Bogor sees average daytime highs of 29°C and overnight lows near 22°C, with 318 mm of rain across 27 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Bogor's 12th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Bogor's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 29°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 22°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 318 mm
- 27 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 6:01 AM – 6:14 PM
- Cloud cover
- 92%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.4 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.9
- out of 10
Bogor is city in West Java Province, Indonesia.
- Density
- 9,062/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1482
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 29°C through the month.
A typical February day in Bogor reaches about 29°C in the afternoon and slips back to 22°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 30°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 1°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 22 |
| 2 | 28 | 22 |
| 3 | 28 | 22 |
| 4 | 28 | 22 |
| 5 | 28 | 22 |
| 6 | 28 | 22 |
| 7 | 28 | 22 |
| 8 | 29 | 22 |
| 9 | 29 | 22 |
| 10 | 29 | 22 |
| 11 | 29 | 22 |
| 12 | 29 | 22 |
| 13 | 29 | 22 |
| 14 | 29 | 22 |
| 15 | 29 | 22 |
| 16 | 29 | 22 |
| 17 | 29 | 22 |
| 18 | 29 | 22 |
| 19 | 29 | 22 |
| 20 | 29 | 22 |
| 21 | 29 | 22 |
| 22 | 29 | 22 |
| 23 | 29 | 22 |
| 24 | 29 | 22 |
| 25 | 29 | 22 |
| 26 | 29 | 22 |
| 27 | 29 | 22 |
| 28 | 29 | 22 |
How February really feels in Bogor
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 11 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Bogor weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29° / 22° | 324 | 29.3 | 12.3 | 3.0 |
| Feb | 29° / 22° | 318 | 27 | 12.2 | 2.9 |
| Mar | 30° / 22° | 321 | 29.6 | 12 | 2.8 |
| Apr | 30° / 22° | 278 | 27.6 | 11.9 | 2.8 |
| May | 30° / 22° | 164 | 24.5 | 11.7 | 3.2 |
| Jun | 30° / 22° | 118 | 19 | 11.6 | 3.8 |
| Jul | 30° / 21° | 96 | 17.1 | 11.7 | 4.1 |
| Aug | 31° / 21° | 91 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 4.1 |
| Sep | 31° / 22° | 126 | 17.1 | 12 | 3.7 |
| Oct | 31° / 22° | 246 | 23.7 | 12.1 | 3.1 |
| Nov | 30° / 22° | 342 | 27.6 | 12.3 | 2.7 |
| Dec | 29° / 22° | 333 | 27.7 | 12.4 | 3.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in February, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 98%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Cloudier (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 99 |
| 2 | 1 | 99 |
| 3 | 1 | 99 |
| 4 | 1 | 99 |
| 5 | 1 | 99 |
| 6 | 1 | 99 |
| 7 | 1 | 99 |
| 8 | 2 | 98 |
| 9 | 2 | 98 |
| 10 | 2 | 98 |
| 11 | 2 | 98 |
| 12 | 2 | 98 |
| 13 | 2 | 98 |
| 14 | 2 | 98 |
| 15 | 2 | 98 |
| 16 | 2 | 98 |
| 17 | 2 | 98 |
| 18 | 2 | 98 |
| 19 | 2 | 98 |
| 20 | 2 | 98 |
| 21 | 3 | 97 |
| 22 | 3 | 97 |
| 23 | 3 | 97 |
| 24 | 3 | 97 |
| 25 | 4 | 96 |
| 26 | 4 | 96 |
| 27 | 4 | 96 |
| 28 | 4 | 96 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Bogor gets around 318 mm of rain over 27 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 96% and peaks near 98% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 98 |
| 2 | 98 |
| 3 | 98 |
| 4 | 98 |
| 5 | 97 |
| 6 | 97 |
| 7 | 97 |
| 8 | 97 |
| 9 | 97 |
| 10 | 96 |
| 11 | 96 |
| 12 | 96 |
| 13 | 96 |
| 14 | 96 |
| 15 | 96 |
| 16 | 96 |
| 17 | 96 |
| 18 | 96 |
| 19 | 96 |
| 20 | 96 |
| 21 | 96 |
| 22 | 96 |
| 23 | 96 |
| 24 | 96 |
| 25 | 96 |
| 26 | 96 |
| 27 | 96 |
| 28 | 96 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 98% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Oppressive (%) | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 99 |
| 2 | 1 | 99 |
| 3 | 1 | 99 |
| 4 | 1 | 99 |
| 5 | 1 | 99 |
| 6 | 1 | 99 |
| 7 | 1 | 99 |
| 8 | 1 | 99 |
| 9 | 1 | 99 |
| 10 | 1 | 99 |
| 11 | 1 | 99 |
| 12 | 2 | 98 |
| 13 | 2 | 98 |
| 14 | 2 | 98 |
| 15 | 2 | 98 |
| 16 | 2 | 98 |
| 17 | 2 | 98 |
| 18 | 2 | 98 |
| 19 | 2 | 98 |
| 20 | 2 | 98 |
| 21 | 2 | 98 |
| 22 | 2 | 98 |
| 23 | 2 | 98 |
| 24 | 3 | 97 |
| 25 | 3 | 97 |
| 26 | 3 | 97 |
| 27 | 3 | 97 |
| 28 | 3 | 97 |
Wind in February
Winds average 5 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 5 | calm |
| 26 | 5 | calm |
| 27 | 5 | calm |
| 28 | 5 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 18 min at the start of February to 12 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 12 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:58 AM to 6:02 AM, and sunset from 6:15 PM to 6:11 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.3 | 5:58 | 6:15 |
| 2 | 12.3 | 5:58 | 6:15 |
| 3 | 12.3 | 5:58 | 6:15 |
| 4 | 12.3 | 5:59 | 6:15 |
| 5 | 12.3 | 5:59 | 6:15 |
| 6 | 12.3 | 5:59 | 6:15 |
| 7 | 12.3 | 5:59 | 6:15 |
| 8 | 12.3 | 6:00 | 6:15 |
| 9 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:15 |
| 10 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:15 |
| 11 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:14 |
| 12 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:14 |
| 13 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:14 |
| 14 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:14 |
| 15 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:14 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:14 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:14 |
| 18 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:13 |
| 19 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:13 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:13 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:13 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:11 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:11 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:11 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:11 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.4 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.31 kWh/m² to a high of 5.84 kWh/m² in September across the year — February's 4.4 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Bogor
In February, Bogor sits inside its cyclone season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Bogor sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Is February a good time to visit Bogor?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Bogor.
What to pack for Bogor in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Bogor sees daytime highs around 29°C and nights near 22°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. About 27 days see rain.
UV index in Bogor in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Bogor peaks around March 16 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near November 14 at about 6 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 12 | 12 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 11 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Extreme |
| Feb | 12 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 10 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 9 | Very high |
| Nov | 6 | High |
| Dec | 11 | Extreme |
Air quality in Bogor in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Bogor is worst in May — around 104 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 1.9× the cleanest month (January, 54 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 54 | 60 | 69 | 83 | 104 | 102 | 100 | 87 | 77 | 73 | 69 | 54 |
| Level | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 54 | Poor |
| Feb | 60 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 69 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 83 | Unhealthy |
| May | 104 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 102 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 100 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 87 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 77 | Unhealthy |
| Oct | 73 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 69 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 54 | Poor |
Where is Bogor?
Bogor sits at 6.6°S, 106.8°E, 245 m above sea level, in Indonesia. The nearest listed city is Ciampea, 11 km away.
Topography around Bogor
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Bogor.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Bogor has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 120 m around an average of 244 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,125 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,001 m.
The land around Bogor is covered by artificial surfaces (74%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, trees (61%) and artificial surfaces (29%) within 16 km, and trees (60%) within 80 km.
Indonesia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,060
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 30%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.3
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 11.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 471
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Bogor (-6.5944°, 106.7892°, elevation 245 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).