Malinau weather in September
In September, Malinau sees average daytime highs of 31°C and overnight lows near 22°C, with 284 mm of rain across 28.2 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 6% of the time in September, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Malinau's 4th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Malinau's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 31°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 22°
- 3rd coldest
- Rainfall
- 284 mm
- 28.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:07 AM – 6:08 PM
- Cloud cover
- 79%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.34 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.4
- out of 10
Malinau is capital of Malinau Regency, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 31°C through the month.
A typical September day in Malinau reaches about 31°C in the afternoon and slips back to 22°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 30°C and 33°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs on par with August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Avg low (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 31 | 22 |
| 2 | 31 | 22 |
| 3 | 31 | 22 |
| 4 | 31 | 22 |
| 5 | 31 | 22 |
| 6 | 31 | 22 |
| 7 | 31 | 22 |
| 8 | 31 | 22 |
| 9 | 31 | 22 |
| 10 | 31 | 22 |
| 11 | 31 | 22 |
| 12 | 31 | 22 |
| 13 | 31 | 22 |
| 14 | 31 | 22 |
| 15 | 31 | 22 |
| 16 | 31 | 22 |
| 17 | 31 | 22 |
| 18 | 31 | 22 |
| 19 | 31 | 22 |
| 20 | 31 | 22 |
| 21 | 31 | 22 |
| 22 | 31 | 22 |
| 23 | 31 | 22 |
| 24 | 31 | 22 |
| 25 | 31 | 22 |
| 26 | 31 | 22 |
| 27 | 31 | 22 |
| 28 | 31 | 22 |
| 29 | 31 | 22 |
| 30 | 31 | 22 |
How September really feels in Malinau
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 30 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Malinau weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 22° | 250 | 27.4 | 11.8 | 2.8 |
| Feb | 31° / 22° | 220 | 24.7 | 11.9 | 2.7 |
| Mar | 31° / 22° | 275 | 28.9 | 12 | 2.5 |
| Apr | 31° / 23° | 282 | 28.5 | 12.1 | 2.4 |
| May | 31° / 23° | 315 | 29.7 | 12.2 | 2.3 |
| Jun | 31° / 22° | 267 | 27.6 | 12.2 | 2.5 |
| Jul | 31° / 22° | 266 | 27.8 | 12.2 | 2.6 |
| Aug | 31° / 22° | 274 | 28.1 | 12.1 | 2.5 |
| Sep | 31° / 22° | 284 | 28.2 | 12 | 2.4 |
| Oct | 31° / 22° | 304 | 29 | 11.9 | 2.4 |
| Nov | 31° / 22° | 288 | 28.7 | 11.8 | 2.3 |
| Dec | 31° / 22° | 308 | 29.3 | 11.8 | 2.5 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 6% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 13% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 81%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 17 |
| Cloudier (%) | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 83 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 77 |
| 2 | 23 | 77 |
| 3 | 23 | 77 |
| 4 | 23 | 77 |
| 5 | 23 | 77 |
| 6 | 22 | 78 |
| 7 | 21 | 79 |
| 8 | 21 | 79 |
| 9 | 19 | 81 |
| 10 | 19 | 81 |
| 11 | 19 | 81 |
| 12 | 17 | 83 |
| 13 | 17 | 83 |
| 14 | 17 | 83 |
| 15 | 17 | 83 |
| 16 | 16 | 84 |
| 17 | 16 | 84 |
| 18 | 16 | 84 |
| 19 | 16 | 84 |
| 20 | 17 | 83 |
| 21 | 18 | 82 |
| 22 | 18 | 82 |
| 23 | 18 | 82 |
| 24 | 19 | 81 |
| 25 | 19 | 81 |
| 26 | 19 | 81 |
| 27 | 19 | 81 |
| 28 | 19 | 81 |
| 29 | 17 | 83 |
| 30 | 17 | 83 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Malinau gets around 284 mm of rain over 28.2 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 94% and peaks near 95% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 95 |
| 2 | 95 |
| 3 | 94 |
| 4 | 94 |
| 5 | 94 |
| 6 | 94 |
| 7 | 94 |
| 8 | 94 |
| 9 | 94 |
| 10 | 94 |
| 11 | 95 |
| 12 | 95 |
| 13 | 95 |
| 14 | 95 |
| 15 | 95 |
| 16 | 95 |
| 17 | 94 |
| 18 | 94 |
| 19 | 94 |
| 20 | 94 |
| 21 | 94 |
| 22 | 94 |
| 23 | 94 |
| 24 | 94 |
| 25 | 94 |
| 26 | 94 |
| 27 | 93 |
| 28 | 93 |
| 29 | 93 |
| 30 | 93 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the oppressive band about 89% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oppressive (%) | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 |
| Miserable (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 91 | 9 |
| 2 | 91 | 9 |
| 3 | 91 | 9 |
| 4 | 91 | 9 |
| 5 | 91 | 9 |
| 6 | 91 | 9 |
| 7 | 91 | 9 |
| 8 | 91 | 9 |
| 9 | 90 | 10 |
| 10 | 90 | 10 |
| 11 | 90 | 10 |
| 12 | 89 | 11 |
| 13 | 89 | 11 |
| 14 | 88 | 12 |
| 15 | 88 | 12 |
| 16 | 88 | 12 |
| 17 | 88 | 12 |
| 18 | 88 | 12 |
| 19 | 87 | 13 |
| 20 | 87 | 13 |
| 21 | 87 | 13 |
| 22 | 87 | 13 |
| 23 | 87 | 13 |
| 24 | 87 | 13 |
| 25 | 87 | 13 |
| 26 | 87 | 13 |
| 27 | 88 | 12 |
| 28 | 88 | 12 |
| 29 | 88 | 12 |
| 30 | 88 | 12 |
Wind in September
Winds average 3 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 3 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 3 | calm |
| 28 | 3 | calm |
| 29 | 3 | calm |
| 30 | 3 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of September to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:11 AM to 6:04 AM, and sunset from 6:15 PM to 6:02 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:15 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:15 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:14 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:14 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:14 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:13 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:10 | 6:13 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:12 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:12 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:11 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:11 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:10 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:10 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:09 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:09 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:07 | 6:08 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:07 | 6:08 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:07 | 6:07 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:07 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:07 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:06 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:06 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:05 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:05 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:04 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:04 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:03 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:03 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:02 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:02 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.34 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.45 kWh/m² to a high of 5.34 kWh/m² in September across the year — September's 5.34 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.2 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Malinau
In September, Malinau sits inside its pacific typhoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Malinau sits in the Pacific typhoon belt; the season peaks July–October.
Is September a good time to visit Malinau?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Malinau.
What to pack for Malinau in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Malinau sees daytime highs around 31°C and nights near 22°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 28 days see rain.
UV index in Malinau in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Malinau peaks around February 22 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 14 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 13 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Malinau?
Malinau sits at 3.6°N, 116.6°E, 5 m above sea level, in Indonesia. The nearest listed city is Tarakan, 112 km away.
Topography around Malinau
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Malinau.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Malinau has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 91 m around an average of 9 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 555 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,829 m.
The land around Malinau is covered by trees (64%) within 3 km, trees (95%) within 16 km, and trees (96%) within 80 km.
Indonesia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,060
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 30%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.3
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 11.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 471
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Malinau (3.5886°, 116.6239°, elevation 5 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).