Palu weather in November
In November, Palu sees average daytime highs of 28°C and overnight lows near 21°C, with 321 mm of rain across 28.6 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 6th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in November, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of November to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Palu's 9th-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Palu's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 28°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 21°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 321 mm
- 28.6 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 5:45 AM – 5:47 PM
- Cloud cover
- 92%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 3 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.63 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.3
- out of 10
Palu is administrative city in Donggala Regency, Indonesia.
- Founded
- 1978
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 28°C through the month.
A typical November day in Palu reaches about 28°C in the afternoon and slips back to 21°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 26°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 | 21 |
| 2 | 28 | 21 |
| 3 | 28 | 21 |
| 4 | 28 | 21 |
| 5 | 28 | 21 |
| 6 | 28 | 21 |
| 7 | 28 | 21 |
| 8 | 28 | 21 |
| 9 | 28 | 21 |
| 10 | 28 | 21 |
| 11 | 28 | 21 |
| 12 | 28 | 21 |
| 13 | 28 | 21 |
| 14 | 28 | 21 |
| 15 | 28 | 21 |
| 16 | 28 | 21 |
| 17 | 28 | 21 |
| 18 | 28 | 21 |
| 19 | 28 | 21 |
| 20 | 28 | 21 |
| 21 | 28 | 21 |
| 22 | 28 | 21 |
| 23 | 28 | 21 |
| 24 | 28 | 21 |
| 25 | 28 | 21 |
| 26 | 28 | 21 |
| 27 | 28 | 21 |
| 28 | 28 | 21 |
| 29 | 28 | 21 |
| 30 | 28 | 21 |
Palu weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 7th-warmest and 6th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28° / 21° | 259 | 27.9 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Feb | 28° / 21° | 244 | 25 | 12 | 3.6 |
| Mar | 28° / 21° | 289 | 28.3 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Apr | 28° / 21° | 313 | 27.8 | 12 | 3.4 |
| May | 28° / 21° | 340 | 28.8 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Jun | 27° / 21° | 332 | 28.3 | 11.9 | 3.5 |
| Jul | 27° / 21° | 331 | 28.4 | 12 | 3.6 |
| Aug | 28° / 21° | 314 | 28.1 | 12 | 3.7 |
| Sep | 28° / 21° | 335 | 28.2 | 12 | 3.5 |
| Oct | 28° / 21° | 342 | 29.1 | 12 | 3.4 |
| Nov | 28° / 21° | 321 | 28.6 | 12 | 3.3 |
| Dec | 28° / 21° | 264 | 27.5 | 12.1 | 3.5 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 0% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 98%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cloudier (%) | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 96 |
| 2 | 4 | 96 |
| 3 | 4 | 96 |
| 4 | 3 | 97 |
| 5 | 3 | 97 |
| 6 | 3 | 97 |
| 7 | 3 | 97 |
| 8 | 3 | 97 |
| 9 | 3 | 97 |
| 10 | 3 | 97 |
| 11 | 3 | 97 |
| 12 | 2 | 98 |
| 13 | 2 | 98 |
| 14 | 2 | 98 |
| 15 | 2 | 98 |
| 16 | 2 | 98 |
| 17 | 2 | 98 |
| 18 | 2 | 98 |
| 19 | 2 | 98 |
| 20 | 1 | 99 |
| 21 | 1 | 99 |
| 22 | 1 | 99 |
| 23 | 1 | 99 |
| 24 | 1 | 99 |
| 25 | 1 | 99 |
| 26 | 1 | 99 |
| 27 | 1 | 99 |
| 28 | 1 | 99 |
| 29 | 1 | 99 |
| 30 | 1 | 99 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Palu gets around 321 mm of rain over 28.6 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 95% and peaks near 97% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 91 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 96 |
| 2 | 97 |
| 3 | 97 |
| 4 | 97 |
| 5 | 97 |
| 6 | 97 |
| 7 | 97 |
| 8 | 97 |
| 9 | 97 |
| 10 | 97 |
| 11 | 97 |
| 12 | 97 |
| 13 | 96 |
| 14 | 96 |
| 15 | 96 |
| 16 | 96 |
| 17 | 96 |
| 18 | 96 |
| 19 | 96 |
| 20 | 95 |
| 21 | 95 |
| 22 | 95 |
| 23 | 94 |
| 24 | 94 |
| 25 | 93 |
| 26 | 93 |
| 27 | 93 |
| 28 | 92 |
| 29 | 92 |
| 30 | 91 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the oppressive band about 92% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
| Oppressive (%) | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | 94 |
| 2 | 5 | 95 |
| 3 | 5 | 95 |
| 4 | 5 | 95 |
| 5 | 5 | 95 |
| 6 | 5 | 95 |
| 7 | 5 | 95 |
| 8 | 5 | 95 |
| 9 | 5 | 95 |
| 10 | 5 | 95 |
| 11 | 6 | 94 |
| 12 | 6 | 94 |
| 13 | 6 | 94 |
| 14 | 6 | 94 |
| 15 | 7 | 93 |
| 16 | 7 | 93 |
| 17 | 7 | 93 |
| 18 | 8 | 92 |
| 19 | 8 | 92 |
| 20 | 8 | 92 |
| 21 | 9 | 91 |
| 22 | 9 | 91 |
| 23 | 10 | 90 |
| 24 | 10 | 90 |
| 25 | 11 | 89 |
| 26 | 11 | 89 |
| 27 | 12 | 88 |
| 28 | 12 | 88 |
| 29 | 13 | 87 |
| 30 | 13 | 87 |
Wind in November
Winds average 3 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 3 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | calm |
| 2 | 3 | calm |
| 3 | 3 | calm |
| 4 | 3 | calm |
| 5 | 3 | calm |
| 6 | 3 | calm |
| 7 | 3 | calm |
| 8 | 3 | calm |
| 9 | 3 | calm |
| 10 | 3 | calm |
| 11 | 3 | calm |
| 12 | 3 | calm |
| 13 | 3 | calm |
| 14 | 3 | calm |
| 15 | 3 | calm |
| 16 | 3 | calm |
| 17 | 3 | calm |
| 18 | 3 | calm |
| 19 | 3 | calm |
| 20 | 3 | calm |
| 21 | 3 | calm |
| 22 | 3 | calm |
| 23 | 3 | calm |
| 24 | 3 | calm |
| 25 | 3 | calm |
| 26 | 3 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of November to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:43 AM to 5:48 AM, and sunset from 5:45 PM to 5:51 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:51 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:45 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:46 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:46 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:46 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:47 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:47 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:47 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:47 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:48 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:48 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:48 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:46 | 5:48 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:46 | 5:49 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:46 | 5:49 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:46 | 5:49 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 5:47 | 5:50 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 5:47 | 5:50 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 5:47 | 5:50 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 5:48 | 5:51 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 5:48 | 5:51 |
| 30 | 12.0 | 5:48 | 5:51 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 4.63 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.25 kWh/m² to a high of 5.26 kWh/m² in September across the year — November's 4.63 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.5 | Bright |
Is November a good time to visit Palu?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Palu.
What to pack for Palu in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Palu sees daytime highs around 28°C and nights near 21°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 29 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Palu in November
The nearest coast averages about 29°C in November — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 42 km away) is warmest in May at about 30°C and coldest in February near 29°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Tropical |
| Feb | 29 | Tropical |
| Mar | 29 | Tropical |
| Apr | 29 | Tropical |
| May | 30 | Tropical |
| Jun | 30 | Tropical |
| Jul | 29 | Tropical |
| Aug | 29 | Tropical |
| Sep | 29 | Tropical |
| Oct | 29 | Tropical |
| Nov | 29 | Tropical |
| Dec | 29 | Tropical |
UV index in Palu in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 13 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Palu peaks around February 20 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 18 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Palu?
Palu sits at 0.9°S, 119.9°E, 9 m above sea level, in Indonesia. The nearest listed city is Poso, 112 km away.
Topography around Palu
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Palu.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Palu has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 96 m around an average of 29 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,194 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,505 m.
The land around Palu is covered by artificial surfaces (78%) within 3 km, trees (56%) and grassland (23%) within 16 km, and trees (56%) and water (40%) within 80 km.
Indonesia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,060
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 30%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.3
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 11.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 471
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Palu (-0.9083°, 119.8708°, elevation 9 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).