Ternate weather in February
In February, Ternate sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 187 mm of rain across 21.9 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 7th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 5% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Ternate's 10th-clearest and 2nd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Ternate's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 7th warmest
- Overnight low
- 25°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 187 mm
- 21.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:46 AM – 6:44 PM
- Cloud cover
- 83%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 2nd windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.75 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.1
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical February day in Ternate reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 3°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 26°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 24 |
| 2 | 27 | 24 |
| 3 | 27 | 24 |
| 4 | 27 | 24 |
| 5 | 27 | 24 |
| 6 | 27 | 24 |
| 7 | 27 | 24 |
| 8 | 27 | 24 |
| 9 | 27 | 24 |
| 10 | 27 | 24 |
| 11 | 27 | 24 |
| 12 | 27 | 24 |
| 13 | 27 | 25 |
| 14 | 27 | 25 |
| 15 | 27 | 25 |
| 16 | 28 | 25 |
| 17 | 28 | 25 |
| 18 | 28 | 25 |
| 19 | 28 | 25 |
| 20 | 28 | 25 |
| 21 | 28 | 25 |
| 22 | 28 | 25 |
| 23 | 28 | 25 |
| 24 | 28 | 25 |
| 25 | 28 | 25 |
| 26 | 28 | 25 |
| 27 | 28 | 25 |
| 28 | 28 | 25 |
Ternate weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 7th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 25° | 238 | 26.3 | 12 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 27° / 25° | 187 | 21.9 | 12 | 4.1 |
| Mar | 28° / 25° | 234 | 24.6 | 12 | 4.1 |
| Apr | 28° / 25° | 291 | 26.3 | 12 | 3.8 |
| May | 28° / 25° | 301 | 27.2 | 12 | 3.8 |
| Jun | 27° / 25° | 294 | 24.6 | 12 | 4.1 |
| Jul | 27° / 24° | 219 | 22.2 | 12 | 4.6 |
| Aug | 27° / 24° | 151 | 17.9 | 12 | 5.2 |
| Sep | 27° / 24° | 180 | 19.8 | 12 | 4.8 |
| Oct | 28° / 24° | 187 | 21.3 | 12 | 4.6 |
| Nov | 28° / 25° | 228 | 26.7 | 12 | 3.7 |
| Dec | 28° / 25° | 265 | 27.8 | 12 | 3.6 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 5% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 10% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 85%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Cloudier (%) | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 86 |
| 2 | 15 | 85 |
| 3 | 15 | 85 |
| 4 | 15 | 85 |
| 5 | 15 | 85 |
| 6 | 14 | 86 |
| 7 | 14 | 86 |
| 8 | 14 | 86 |
| 9 | 14 | 86 |
| 10 | 13 | 87 |
| 11 | 13 | 87 |
| 12 | 14 | 86 |
| 13 | 14 | 86 |
| 14 | 14 | 86 |
| 15 | 15 | 85 |
| 16 | 15 | 85 |
| 17 | 15 | 85 |
| 18 | 15 | 85 |
| 19 | 16 | 84 |
| 20 | 16 | 84 |
| 21 | 16 | 84 |
| 22 | 18 | 82 |
| 23 | 18 | 82 |
| 24 | 18 | 82 |
| 25 | 18 | 82 |
| 26 | 18 | 82 |
| 27 | 18 | 82 |
| 28 | 18 | 82 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Ternate gets around 187 mm of rain over 21.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 78% and peaks near 82% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 74 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 82 |
| 2 | 82 |
| 3 | 82 |
| 4 | 82 |
| 5 | 82 |
| 6 | 82 |
| 7 | 82 |
| 8 | 81 |
| 9 | 81 |
| 10 | 81 |
| 11 | 80 |
| 12 | 80 |
| 13 | 79 |
| 14 | 78 |
| 15 | 78 |
| 16 | 77 |
| 17 | 77 |
| 18 | 76 |
| 19 | 76 |
| 20 | 75 |
| 21 | 75 |
| 22 | 74 |
| 23 | 74 |
| 24 | 74 |
| 25 | 74 |
| 26 | 74 |
| 27 | 74 |
| 28 | 74 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 98% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Oppressive (%) | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 |
| Miserable (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 4 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 6 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 9 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 11 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 12 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 13 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 14 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 15 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 16 | 1 | 99 | 0 |
| 17 | 1 | 99 | 0 |
| 18 | 1 | 99 | 0 |
| 19 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 20 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 21 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 22 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 23 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 24 | 1 | 98 | 1 |
| 25 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 26 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 27 | 1 | 97 | 2 |
| 28 | 0 | 98 | 2 |
Wind in February
Winds average 11 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 11 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 11 | calm |
| 28 | 11 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 hours at the start of February to 12 hours by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:45 AM to 6:44 AM, and sunset from 6:43 PM to 6:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| 2 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| 3 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| 4 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| 5 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 6 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 7 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 8 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 9 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 10 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 11 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 12 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 13 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 14 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:46 | 6:44 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:44 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:45 | 6:43 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:44 | 6:43 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.75 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.94 kWh/m² to a high of 6.05 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 5.75 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 26 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 27 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 6.0 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Ternate?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Ternate for sightseeing.
What to pack for Ternate in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Ternate sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 22 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Ternate in February
The nearest coast averages about 29°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in May at about 30°C and coldest in August near 28°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Tropical |
| Feb | 29 | Tropical |
| Mar | 29 | Tropical |
| Apr | 29 | Tropical |
| May | 30 | Tropical |
| Jun | 29 | Tropical |
| Jul | 29 | Tropical |
| Aug | 28 | Tropical |
| Sep | 28 | Tropical |
| Oct | 29 | Tropical |
| Nov | 29 | Tropical |
| Dec | 29 | Tropical |
UV index in Ternate in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Ternate peaks around March 16 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 14 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 12 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 15 | Extreme |
| Apr | 14 | Extreme |
| May | 12 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 12 | Extreme |
Where is Ternate?
Ternate sits at 0.8°N, 127.4°E, 23 m above sea level, in Indonesia. The nearest listed city is Sofifi, 20 km away.
Topography around Ternate
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Ternate.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Ternate has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 533 m around an average of 69 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,727 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,686 m.
The land around Ternate is covered by water (45%), artificial surfaces (30%) and trees (25%) within 3 km, water (74%) and trees (22%) within 16 km, and water (61%) and trees (37%) within 80 km.
Indonesia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 29% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,060
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 30%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.3
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 11.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 471
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Ternate (0.7906°, 127.3842°, elevation 23 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).