Climate and average weather in Khalkhāl
In Khalkhāl, the summers are warm, fairly dry, and clear and the winters are very cold, snowy, and partly cloudy.
Over the course of the year, the temperature in Khalkhāl typically varies from -7°C to 26°C, and is rarely below -14°C or above 30°C. August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest.
Based on the travel score, the best time of year to visit Khalkhāl for warm-weather activities is from late May to early October.
- Hottest
- Aug
- 26°
- Coldest
- Jan
- -7°
- Wettest
- Apr
- 89 mm
- Driest
- Aug
- 16 mm
- Rain / yr
- 656 mm
- 117 wet days
- Daylight
- 9.4–14.6 h
- shortest–longest
- Elevation
- 1,795 m
- 37.6°N
- Clearest
- Aug
- 29% cloud
Khalkhāl is city in Ardabil Province, Iran.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Khalkhāl weather by month, at a glance
The whole year in one picture — sky, rain, humidity, temperature and travel score. Click any band to jump to its full chart.
Each stripe is one measure across the whole year, stacked so a single day reads top to bottom. The sky band runs overcast grey on top down to clear blue at the base — more blue means sunnier — followed by the rainfall curve, the humidity band, a temperature strip that tints each stretch of the year by how warm its average high is, and the travel-score line at the foot. Scan straight down any date to read that day across every measure at once; the score climbs highest around late May to early October.
Temperature through the year
Daily average highs and lows in Khalkhāl, from 1991–2020 of climate data. The shaded bands show the range most days fall in — 10th to 90th percentile.
The hot season lasts 4.5 months, from May 19 to October 2, with daily high temperatures above 20°C. The hottest month of the year in Khalkhāl is August, with an average high of 26°C and low of 14°C.
The cool season lasts 3.0 months, from November 30 to February 27, with daily high temperatures below 5°C. The coldest month of the year in Khalkhāl is January, with an average low of -7°C and high of 1°C.
Days typically run about 10°C warmer than nights, with the widest day–night swing (around 12°C) in September.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 1 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 17 | 9 | 3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -7 | -5 | -1 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 0 | -4 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | -7 |
| Feb | 3 | -5 |
| Mar | 8 | -1 |
| Apr | 14 | 4 |
| May | 19 | 8 |
| Jun | 24 | 12 |
| Jul | 26 | 14 |
| Aug | 26 | 14 |
| Sep | 23 | 11 |
| Oct | 17 | 6 |
| Nov | 9 | 0 |
| Dec | 3 | -4 |
How hot and cold Khalkhāl really feels
The felt-temperature range through the year — heat index on the day's high (summer humidity), wind chill on the night's low (winter wind). The dashed lines are the plain thermometer; the gap is how much hotter or colder it really feels.
On the coldest nights, wind chill pulls the feels-like down to about -10°C (around January 23), with roughly 147 freezing days a year (feels-like at or below 0°C) — 13 of them bitterly cold — worst in January.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feels-like high (°C) | 1 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 17 | 9 | 3 |
| Air high (°C) | 1 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 23 | 17 | 9 | 3 |
| Feels-like low (°C) | -10 | -8 | -4 | 2 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 5 | -1 | -7 |
| Air low (°C) | -7 | -5 | -1 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 0 | -4 |
| Feels-like high (°C) | Air high (°C) | Feels-like low (°C) | Air low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 1 | -10 | -7 |
| Feb | 3 | 3 | -8 | -5 |
| Mar | 8 | 8 | -4 | -1 |
| Apr | 14 | 14 | 2 | 4 |
| May | 19 | 19 | 8 | 8 |
| Jun | 24 | 24 | 12 | 12 |
| Jul | 26 | 26 | 14 | 14 |
| Aug | 26 | 26 | 14 | 14 |
| Sep | 23 | 23 | 10 | 11 |
| Oct | 17 | 17 | 5 | 6 |
| Nov | 9 | 9 | -1 | 0 |
| Dec | 3 | 3 | -7 | -4 |
Average hourly temperature in Khalkhāl
A compact picture of the whole year, hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled average temperature. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
Read left to right for the day of the year and top to bottom for the hour of the day; the color is the modeled temperature, cool blues through to hot reds on the same scale as the other charts. A vertical slice is a single day's swing — coolest just before dawn, warmest in the mid-afternoon — while a horizontal slice follows one hour across the seasons. The darker overlay marks night and the lighter one the twilight around sunrise and sunset. Colors run warmest on August afternoons, near 26°C, and coldest before dawn in January, near -7°C.
Khalkhāl weather by month
Every month at a glance. Click a month for its detailed page.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1° / -7° | 56 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 0.0 |
| Feb | 3° / -5° | 65 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 8° / -1° | 82 | 13.3 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 1.3 |
| Apr | 14° / 4° | 89 | 14.2 | 3.2 | 12.9 | 3.8 |
| May | 19° / 8° | 65 | 13.8 | 0.3 | 14 | 5.8 |
| Jun | 24° / 12° | 30 | 8.3 | 0 | 14.5 | 7.7 |
| Jul | 26° / 14° | 19 | 4.8 | 0 | 14.3 | 8.1 |
| Aug | 26° / 14° | 16 | 5 | 0 | 13.4 | 8.0 |
| Sep | 23° / 11° | 35 | 9 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.3 |
| Oct | 17° / 6° | 64 | 10.2 | 1.3 | 11 | 5.6 |
| Nov | 9° / 0° | 78 | 10.4 | 6 | 10 | 1.7 |
| Dec | 3° / -5° | 56 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 0.0 |
Chance of rain
How likely it is to rain on a typical day, and how that shifts across the wetter and drier seasons.
Khalkhāl gets about 656 mm of precipitation a year. On a typical day the chance of rain is often wet, but that rises and falls sharply with the seasons.
The wetter season lasts 4.2 months, from around Jan 30 to Jun 5, peaking in April at about 49% chance on a given day. The drier stretch runs the rest of the year, bottoming out around Jul 30.
April is the wettest month by volume, with 89 mm over about 14 wet days; August is the driest, with 16 mm. Some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain on a day (%) | 28 | 36 | 43 | 47 | 44 | 27 | 16 | 17 | 29 | 33 | 35 | 28 |
| Rain days | 9 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| Rain on a day (%) | Rain days | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | 9 |
| Feb | 36 | 10 |
| Mar | 43 | 13 |
| Apr | 47 | 14 |
| May | 44 | 14 |
| Jun | 27 | 8 |
| Jul | 16 | 5 |
| Aug | 17 | 5 |
| Sep | 29 | 9 |
| Oct | 33 | 10 |
| Nov | 35 | 10 |
| Dec | 28 | 9 |
Monthly rainfall
Over a full year, Khalkhāl collects about 656 mm of rain across 117 wet days — roughly 55 mm in an average month.
It doesn’t fall evenly. April is the wettest month with 89 mm, while August is the driest at just 16 mm. The three wettest months alone bring about 38% of the year’s total, and some of the cold-season precipitation falls as snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall (mm) | 56 | 65 | 82 | 89 | 65 | 30 | 19 | 16 | 35 | 64 | 78 | 56 |
| Rain days | 9 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| Snow days | 9 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 8 |
| Rainfall (mm) | Rain days | Snow days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 56 | 9 | 9 |
| Feb | 65 | 10 | 10 |
| Mar | 82 | 13 | 10 |
| Apr | 89 | 14 | 3 |
| May | 65 | 14 | 0 |
| Jun | 30 | 8 | 0 |
| Jul | 19 | 5 | 0 |
| Aug | 16 | 5 | 0 |
| Sep | 35 | 9 | 0 |
| Oct | 64 | 10 | 1 |
| Nov | 78 | 10 | 6 |
| Dec | 56 | 9 | 8 |
Snow in Khalkhāl
Average snowy days through the year, the snow-season span, and estimated snowfall — for ski trips and the perennial 'will there be snow at Christmas?' question.
Khalkhāl averages about 48 snowy days a year. Snow season runs roughly Oct 9 to May 10 — about 7 months.
February is snowiest, with roughly 10 days of snow and an estimated 62 cm of snowfall. Over the year that adds up to an estimated 296 cm of snow.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Snow days | 9 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 8 |
| Snowfall (cm) | 51 | 62 | 64 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 44 | 49 |
| Snow days | Snowfall (cm) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | 51 |
| Feb | 10 | 62 |
| Mar | 10 | 64 |
| Apr | 3 | 20 |
| May | 0 | 1 |
| Jun | 0 | 0 |
| Jul | 0 | 0 |
| Aug | 0 | 0 |
| Sep | 0 | 0 |
| Oct | 1 | 6 |
| Nov | 6 | 44 |
| Dec | 8 | 49 |
Clouds and sunshine
How often the daytime sky is clear, partly cloudy or overcast.
In Khalkhāl, the average share of the sky covered by clouds shows significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The clearer part of the year begins around May 22 and lasts for 4.7 months, ending around October 12. The clearest month is July, when the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 91% of the time on average.
The cloudier part of the year begins around October 13 and lasts for 7.3 months, ending around May 21. The cloudiest month is March, when it is overcast or mostly cloudy 50% of the time.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 57 | 55 | 50 | 50 | 62 | 85 | 91 | 89 | 79 | 64 | 54 | 56 |
| Cloudier (%) | 43 | 45 | 50 | 50 | 38 | 15 | 9 | 11 | 21 | 36 | 46 | 44 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 57 | 43 |
| Feb | 55 | 45 |
| Mar | 50 | 50 |
| Apr | 50 | 50 |
| May | 62 | 38 |
| Jun | 85 | 15 |
| Jul | 91 | 9 |
| Aug | 89 | 11 |
| Sep | 79 | 21 |
| Oct | 64 | 36 |
| Nov | 54 | 46 |
| Dec | 56 | 44 |
Daylight, sunrise and sunset
Hours of daylight through the year, with sunrise and sunset times.
The gold band is daylight — sunrise runs along its lower edge, sunset along the upper — so it widens toward summer and pinches toward winter, with night the dark area above and below. The longest day, around June 12, brings about 14 h 36 min of light; the shortest, around January 1, only 9 h 24 min — a swing of roughly 5 h 12 min.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.7 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 9.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:35 | 7:14 | 6:35 | 5:47 | 5:12 | 4:59 | 5:11 | 5:36 | 6:03 | 6:31 | 7:03 | 7:30 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:15 | 5:47 | 6:17 | 6:45 | 7:13 | 7:34 | 7:32 | 7:04 | 6:17 | 5:31 | 4:59 | 4:54 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9.7 | 7:35 | 5:15 |
| Feb | 10.5 | 7:14 | 5:47 |
| Mar | 11.7 | 6:35 | 6:17 |
| Apr | 12.9 | 5:47 | 6:45 |
| May | 14.0 | 5:12 | 7:13 |
| Jun | 14.5 | 4:59 | 7:34 |
| Jul | 14.3 | 5:11 | 7:32 |
| Aug | 13.4 | 5:36 | 7:04 |
| Sep | 12.3 | 6:03 | 6:17 |
| Oct | 11.0 | 6:31 | 5:31 |
| Nov | 10.0 | 7:03 | 4:59 |
| Dec | 9.4 | 7:30 | 4:54 |
Sunny days
How many genuinely sunny days each month brings — days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — banded into plain-language zones.
Khalkhāl averages about 14 sunny days a month — counting the days the sky stays clear or mostly clear — with a clear seasonal swing between 9 and 23 days.
The sunnier stretch runs 4.6 months, from around May 28 to Oct 15. The sunniest month is July, with roughly 21 sunny days (bright).
The greyest month is April, down near 9 sunny days — about 56% fewer than the July peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunny days | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 21 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 12 |
| Sky | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed |
| Sunny days | Sky | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Mixed |
| Feb | 11 | Mixed |
| Mar | 10 | Mixed |
| Apr | 9 | Mixed |
| May | 12 | Mixed |
| Jun | 18 | Bright |
| Jul | 21 | Bright |
| Aug | 21 | Bright |
| Sep | 17 | Bright |
| Oct | 14 | Mixed |
| Nov | 12 | Mixed |
| Dec | 12 | Mixed |
Humidity comfort
Share of days at each humidity comfort level, based on the dew point — the measure that tracks how muggy it actually feels.
Humidity comfort is graded by the dew point — the temperature at which the air would be fully saturated — because it tracks how muggy it actually feels far better than relative humidity does. A low dew point feels dry and crisp; a high one feels sticky and oppressive no matter the reading on a humidity gauge.
In Khalkhāl, the air stays dry or comfortable essentially all year. Even in July, the muggiest month, it feels humid or worse only about 4% of the time — humidity is not something you need to plan around here.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 89 | 54 | 61 | 91 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 42 | 36 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Humid (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Feb | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Mar | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Apr | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 99 | 1 | 0 |
| Jun | 89 | 11 | 0 |
| Jul | 54 | 42 | 4 |
| Aug | 61 | 36 | 3 |
| Sep | 91 | 8 | 0 |
| Oct | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Nov | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Dec | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wind
Average wind speed through the year, banded into plain-language speed zones so a number reads as 'breezy' or 'calm' without knowing the scale.
This is the average sustained wind speed at the standard 10 metres above open ground — the steady flow a weather station reports, not the sharper gusts that come and go, which can run half again as fast. It's the number that says whether a place is generally breezy or calm.
Wind in Khalkhāl is steady company: average speeds sit near 6 km/h — calm — in every month of the year, with no meaningful windy or calm season.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | calm |
| Feb | 6 | calm |
| Mar | 7 | calm |
| Apr | 7 | calm |
| May | 6 | calm |
| Jun | 7 | calm |
| Jul | 8 | calm |
| Aug | 8 | calm |
| Sep | 6 | calm |
| Oct | 6 | calm |
| Nov | 5 | calm |
| Dec | 5 | calm |
Best time to visit Khalkhāl
To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Khalkhāl throughout the year, we compute two travel scores — one for general sightseeing, one for beach and pool weather.
Around late September, Khalkhāl is still near the tail of its best-weather window — great conditions with the peak-season crowds already thinning.
Inferred from the travel-score curve; month-by-month visitor numbers are a planned addition.
The travel score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 18°C and 28°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Khalkhāl for general outdoor tourist activities is from late May to early October, with a peak score in the last week of July.
The travel score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Travel score (0–10) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 0.0 |
| Rating | poor | poor | poor | fair | good | ideal | ideal | ideal | good | good | poor | poor |
| Travel score (0–10) | Rating | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.0 | poor |
| Feb | 0.0 | poor |
| Mar | 1.3 | poor |
| Apr | 3.8 | fair |
| May | 5.8 | good |
| Jun | 7.6 | ideal |
| Jul | 8.1 | ideal |
| Aug | 8.0 | ideal |
| Sep | 7.3 | good |
| Oct | 5.6 | good |
| Nov | 1.8 | poor |
| Dec | 0.0 | poor |
The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with daytime highs between 24°C and 34°C. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Khalkhāl for hot-weather activities is from mid June to early September, with a peak score in the last week of July.
The beach/pool score (filled area), and its constituents: the temperature score (red line), the cloud cover score (blue line), and the precipitation score (green line).
What to pack for Khalkhāl, by month
Month by month, what's worth putting in the bag — from the temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind. Tap a month for a quick packing note.
For a warm-season trip around August (highs near 26°C), the essentials are light clothes and sun protection. In the cold season around January (highs near 1°C), pack a warm layer, a heavy coat and rain gear.
In August, Khalkhāl sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 14°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes. About 5 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Khalkhāl
Average ocean temperature at the nearest coast, month by month, banded into swim-comfort zones — the other half of the beach question.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 52 km away) is warmest in August at about 28°C and coldest in February near 10°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from May 22 to Nov 4 — about 5.5 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 12 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 26 | 23 | 18 | 14 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Cool | Bracing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12 | Bracing |
| Feb | 10 | Bracing |
| Mar | 10 | Bracing |
| Apr | 13 | Bracing |
| May | 19 | Cool |
| Jun | 24 | Warm |
| Jul | 27 | Warm |
| Aug | 28 | Warm |
| Sep | 26 | Warm |
| Oct | 23 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 18 | Cool |
| Dec | 14 | Bracing |
UV index (midday) in Khalkhāl by month
Clear-sky midday UV index through the year, shaded by the WHO exposure levels — how much sun protection each month calls for.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Khalkhāl peaks around July 18 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 10 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Very high |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 7 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Average hourly UV index in Khalkhāl
Modeled clear-sky UV for every hour of every day — when in the day sun protection actually matters.
The whole year hour by hour: each column is a day, each row an hour, and the color is the modeled clear-sky UV index — the midday peak scaled down as the sun sits lower in the sky. Darker overlays mark night, lighter ones the civil-twilight hours around sunrise and sunset.
UV falls off far faster than brightness as the sun drops, so even in July the burn window is concentrated in the middle of the day: about 8.5 hours a day reach index 3 (protection recommended), and 6 hours reach 6 or more. Mornings and late afternoons stay comparatively gentle year round.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | 1 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 7 | 8 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8 | 6.5 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5.5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UV ≥ 3 (h/day) | UV ≥ 6 (h/day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | 0 |
| Feb | 3.5 | 0 |
| Mar | 4.5 | 0 |
| Apr | 7 | 3 |
| May | 8 | 5 |
| Jun | 8.5 | 6 |
| Jul | 8.5 | 6 |
| Aug | 8 | 5.5 |
| Sep | 6.5 | 3 |
| Oct | 5 | 0 |
| Nov | 2 | 0 |
| Dec | 1 | 0 |
Air quality in Khalkhāl by month
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see which months the air is worst, not just the yearly average.
Air quality in Khalkhāl is worst in March — around 25 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.7× the cleanest month (July, 15 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 18 | 19 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 17 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Moderate |
| Feb | 19 | Moderate |
| Mar | 25 | Moderate |
| Apr | 25 | Moderate |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 18 | Moderate |
| Jul | 15 | Moderate |
| Aug | 18 | Moderate |
| Sep | 20 | Moderate |
| Oct | 18 | Moderate |
| Nov | 17 | Moderate |
| Dec | 17 | Moderate |
Growing season
The growing season in Khalkhāl typically lasts about 237 days, from around March 26 to November 17 — the span where a frost-free day is more likely than not. It is reliably frost-free from April 22 to October 28.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frost-free chance (%) | 9 | 15 | 40 | 83 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 96 | 54 | 17 |
| Frost nights | 31 | 28 | 31 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 30 | 31 |
| Frost-free chance (%) | Frost nights | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 9 | 31 |
| Feb | 15 | 28 |
| Mar | 40 | 31 |
| Apr | 83 | 19 |
| May | 99 | 0 |
| Jun | 100 | 0 |
| Jul | 100 | 0 |
| Aug | 100 | 0 |
| Sep | 100 | 0 |
| Oct | 96 | 3 |
| Nov | 54 | 30 |
| Dec | 17 | 31 |
Growing degree days
Growing degree days tally heat above 10°C: each day adds however many degrees its average temperature runs over that threshold, and cold days add nothing. Khalkhāl banks about 1,228 degree days a year, and the running total — which growers use to time plantings and predict maturity — climbs fastest around August.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 121 | 232 | 306 | 308 | 201 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
| Growing degree days (°C·days) | |
|---|---|
| Jan | 0 |
| Feb | 0 |
| Mar | 0 |
| Apr | 6 |
| May | 121 |
| Jun | 232 |
| Jul | 306 |
| Aug | 308 |
| Sep | 201 |
| Oct | 55 |
| Nov | 0 |
| Dec | 0 |
Solar energy
Average daily shortwave solar energy reaching the ground, banded into brightness zones so the number means something at a glance.
Solar energy is how much sunlight actually reaches the ground each day, measured in kilowatt-hours per square metre (kWh/m²) — the combined effect of how long the sun is up, how high it climbs, and how much cloud gets in the way. It's the raw fuel a solar panel has to work with: for scale, 1 kWh/m² a day is dim and wintry, while 7+ is desert-bright.
Khalkhāl receives about 5.0 kWh/m² a day of solar energy on average — bright — with a clear seasonal swing between 2.4 and 7.4 kWh/m².
The brighter stretch of the year lasts 6.1 months, from around Mar 19 to Sep 20. The brightest month is June, averaging about 7.3 kWh/m² (intense).
The dimmest month is December, down near 2.5 kWh/m² — roughly 66% less than the June peak.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.9 | Moderate |
| Feb | 3.9 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4.9 | Bright |
| Apr | 5.9 | Bright |
| May | 6.7 | Intense |
| Jun | 7.3 | Intense |
| Jul | 7.3 | Intense |
| Aug | 6.7 | Intense |
| Sep | 5.3 | Bright |
| Oct | 3.9 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2.8 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2.5 | Moderate |
Where is Khalkhāl?
Khalkhāl sits at 37.6°N, 48.5°E, 1,795 m above sea level, in Iran. The nearest listed city is Hashtpar, 39 km away.
Topography around Khalkhāl
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Khalkhāl.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Khalkhāl has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 278 m around an average of 1,862 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,079 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,325 m.
The land around Khalkhāl is covered by grassland (46%), cropland (28%) and artificial surfaces (20%) within 3 km, grassland (75%) within 16 km, and grassland (47%) and cropland (22%) within 80 km.
Iran travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 352% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,924
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 94%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.4
- per 100k, 2014
- Road deaths
- 21.5
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 492
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Khalkhāl (37.6184°, 48.5293°, elevation 1,795 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).