Najafshahr weather in September
In September, Najafshahr sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 32°C in the first days to 28°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 96% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Najafshahr's 1st-clearest and 9th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Najafshahr's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 5:36 AM – 5:47 PM
- Cloud cover
- 8%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 9th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.6 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.0
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 32°C in the first days to 28°C by the end.
A typical September day in Najafshahr reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 28°C and 32°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 3°C cooler than August and about 6°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Avg low (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 32 | 18 |
| 2 | 32 | 18 |
| 3 | 32 | 18 |
| 4 | 32 | 18 |
| 5 | 31 | 18 |
| 6 | 31 | 18 |
| 7 | 31 | 18 |
| 8 | 31 | 17 |
| 9 | 31 | 17 |
| 10 | 31 | 17 |
| 11 | 31 | 17 |
| 12 | 31 | 17 |
| 13 | 31 | 17 |
| 14 | 30 | 17 |
| 15 | 30 | 17 |
| 16 | 30 | 16 |
| 17 | 30 | 16 |
| 18 | 30 | 16 |
| 19 | 30 | 16 |
| 20 | 29 | 16 |
| 21 | 29 | 16 |
| 22 | 29 | 15 |
| 23 | 29 | 15 |
| 24 | 29 | 15 |
| 25 | 29 | 15 |
| 26 | 28 | 15 |
| 27 | 28 | 15 |
| 28 | 28 | 14 |
| 29 | 28 | 14 |
| 30 | 28 | 14 |
How September really feels in Najafshahr
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
September sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Najafshahr weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11° / -0° | 36 | 6 | 2 | 10.3 | 3.1 |
| Feb | 13° / 2° | 40 | 5.7 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 4.3 |
| Mar | 17° / 5° | 36 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 11.8 | 6.2 |
| Apr | 22° / 10° | 14 | 3.2 | 0 | 12.7 | 8.1 |
| May | 28° / 16° | 3 | 1 | 0 | 13.5 | 7.6 |
| Jun | 33° / 20° | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 13.8 | 4.8 |
| Jul | 34° / 22° | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 13.7 | 3.7 |
| Aug | 33° / 20° | 2 | 0.7 | 0 | 13.1 | 4.7 |
| Sep | 30° / 16° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.2 | 7.0 |
| Oct | 24° / 11° | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | 11.3 | 9.3 |
| Nov | 18° / 5° | 11 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 10.5 | 7.1 |
| Dec | 13° / 1° | 26 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 10.2 | 4.6 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 96% of the time in September, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 3% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 0%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
| Cloudier (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 99 | 1 |
| 4 | 99 | 1 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 100 | 0 |
| 15 | 100 | 0 |
| 16 | 100 | 0 |
| 17 | 100 | 0 |
| 18 | 100 | 0 |
| 19 | 100 | 0 |
| 20 | 100 | 0 |
| 21 | 100 | 0 |
| 22 | 100 | 0 |
| 23 | 100 | 0 |
| 24 | 100 | 0 |
| 25 | 100 | 0 |
| 26 | 100 | 0 |
| 27 | 100 | 0 |
| 28 | 99 | 1 |
| 29 | 99 | 1 |
| 30 | 99 | 1 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Najafshahr gets around 0 mm of rain over 0 wet days in September, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 1% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 |
| 29 | 0 |
| 30 | 0 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 11 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 12 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | light breeze |
| 2 | 12 | light breeze |
| 3 | 12 | calm |
| 4 | 12 | calm |
| 5 | 12 | calm |
| 6 | 12 | calm |
| 7 | 12 | calm |
| 8 | 12 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 11 | calm |
| 22 | 11 | calm |
| 23 | 11 | calm |
| 24 | 11 | calm |
| 25 | 11 | calm |
| 26 | 11 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
| 29 | 10 | calm |
| 30 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 36 min at the start of September to 11 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 48 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:28 AM to 5:44 AM, and sunset from 6:05 PM to 5:29 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:40 | 5:39 | 5:38 | 5:36 | 5:35 | 5:34 | 5:33 | 5:31 | 5:30 | 5:29 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.6 | 5:28 | 6:05 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 5:29 | 6:04 |
| 3 | 12.6 | 5:29 | 6:03 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:30 | 6:02 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:30 | 6:01 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:31 | 5:59 |
| 7 | 12.4 | 5:31 | 5:58 |
| 8 | 12.4 | 5:32 | 5:57 |
| 9 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:56 |
| 10 | 12.4 | 5:33 | 5:54 |
| 11 | 12.3 | 5:34 | 5:53 |
| 12 | 12.3 | 5:34 | 5:52 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 5:35 | 5:51 |
| 14 | 12.2 | 5:35 | 5:49 |
| 15 | 12.2 | 5:36 | 5:48 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 5:36 | 5:47 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 5:37 | 5:45 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 5:37 | 5:44 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 5:38 | 5:43 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 5:38 | 5:42 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:39 | 5:40 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:39 | 5:39 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:40 | 5:38 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 5:41 | 5:36 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 5:41 | 5:35 |
| 26 | 11.9 | 5:42 | 5:34 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 5:42 | 5:33 |
| 28 | 11.8 | 5:43 | 5:31 |
| 29 | 11.8 | 5:43 | 5:30 |
| 30 | 11.8 | 5:44 | 5:29 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.6 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.79 kWh/m² to a high of 7.96 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 6.6 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 2 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 3 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 4 | 7.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.9 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.1 | Intense |
Is September a good time to visit Najafshahr?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Najafshahr for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Najafshahr in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Najafshahr sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Najafshahr in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 10 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Najafshahr peaks around June 16 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 7 | Very high |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 9 | Very high |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Extreme |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | High |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Air quality in Najafshahr in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Najafshahr is worst in April — around 35 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.2× the cleanest month (November, 15 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 19 | 25 | 29 | 35 | 33 | 27 | 34 | 27 | 25 | 21 | 15 | 17 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 19 | Moderate |
| Feb | 25 | Moderate |
| Mar | 29 | Moderate |
| Apr | 35 | Moderate |
| May | 33 | Moderate |
| Jun | 27 | Moderate |
| Jul | 34 | Moderate |
| Aug | 27 | Moderate |
| Sep | 25 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 15 | Moderate |
| Dec | 17 | Moderate |
Where is Najafshahr?
Najafshahr sits at 29.4°N, 55.7°E, 1,722 m above sea level, in Iran. The nearest listed city is Sirjan, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Najafshahr
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Najafshahr.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Najafshahr has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 40 m around an average of 1,720 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 610 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,228 m.
The land around Najafshahr is covered by bare terrain (57%) and cropland (26%) within 3 km, bare terrain (77%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (88%) within 80 km.
Iran travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 352% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,924
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 94%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.4
- per 100k, 2014
- Road deaths
- 21.5
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 492
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Najafshahr (29.3858°, 55.7176°, elevation 1,722 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).