Halabja weather in September
In September, Halabja sees average daytime highs of 35°C and overnight lows near 16°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0.2 wet days and about 12.2 hours of daylight. It is the 4th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 37°C in the first days to 32°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 97% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 48 min at the start of September to 11 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Halabja's 2nd-clearest and 5th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Halabja's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 35°
- 4th warmest
- Overnight low
- 16°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 12 min
- 5:44 AM – 5:57 PM
- Cloud cover
- 5%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 5th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.21 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.6
- out of 10
Halabja is city in Iraqi Kurdistan.
- Density
- 36/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1650
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Highs ease over the month, from about 37°C in the first days to 32°C by the end.
A typical September day in Halabja reaches about 35°C in the afternoon and slips back to 16°C overnight — a 19°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 32°C and 38°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 5°C cooler than August and about 7°C warmer than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Avg low (°C) | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 | 19 |
| 2 | 38 | 19 |
| 3 | 38 | 19 |
| 4 | 37 | 18 |
| 5 | 37 | 18 |
| 6 | 37 | 18 |
| 7 | 37 | 18 |
| 8 | 37 | 18 |
| 9 | 36 | 17 |
| 10 | 36 | 17 |
| 11 | 36 | 17 |
| 12 | 36 | 17 |
| 13 | 36 | 17 |
| 14 | 35 | 16 |
| 15 | 35 | 16 |
| 16 | 35 | 16 |
| 17 | 35 | 16 |
| 18 | 34 | 16 |
| 19 | 34 | 16 |
| 20 | 34 | 15 |
| 21 | 34 | 15 |
| 22 | 34 | 15 |
| 23 | 33 | 15 |
| 24 | 33 | 15 |
| 25 | 33 | 15 |
| 26 | 33 | 15 |
| 27 | 32 | 14 |
| 28 | 32 | 14 |
| 29 | 32 | 14 |
| 30 | 32 | 14 |
How September really feels in Halabja
Once humidity and wind are folded in, September averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in September is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Halabja weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 4th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / -0° | 102 | 11 | 2.8 | 9.9 | 2.5 |
| Feb | 12° / 1° | 107 | 11.4 | 2 | 10.7 | 3.2 |
| Mar | 17° / 5° | 95 | 10.5 | 0.5 | 11.7 | 5.4 |
| Apr | 22° / 9° | 56 | 7.7 | 0 | 12.9 | 7.2 |
| May | 29° / 14° | 17 | 3.3 | 0 | 13.8 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 36° / 19° | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 14.3 | 2.8 |
| Jul | 40° / 22° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.1 | 0.3 |
| Aug | 40° / 21° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.3 | 0.4 |
| Sep | 35° / 16° | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 12.2 | 3.6 |
| Oct | 28° / 12° | 17 | 2.1 | 0 | 11.1 | 7.4 |
| Nov | 19° / 6° | 59 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 10.2 | 6.7 |
| Dec | 13° / 2° | 82 | 9.3 | 0.7 | 9.7 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 97% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 2% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 1%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 |
| Cloudier (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 99 | 1 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 99 | 1 |
| 15 | 99 | 1 |
| 16 | 99 | 1 |
| 17 | 99 | 1 |
| 18 | 99 | 1 |
| 19 | 99 | 1 |
| 20 | 99 | 1 |
| 21 | 99 | 1 |
| 22 | 99 | 1 |
| 23 | 99 | 1 |
| 24 | 99 | 1 |
| 25 | 97 | 3 |
| 26 | 97 | 3 |
| 27 | 97 | 3 |
| 28 | 97 | 3 |
| 29 | 97 | 3 |
| 30 | 96 | 4 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Halabja gets around 0 mm of rain over 0.2 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 1% and peaks near 2% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 1 |
| 20 | 1 |
| 21 | 1 |
| 22 | 1 |
| 23 | 1 |
| 24 | 1 |
| 25 | 1 |
| 26 | 2 |
| 27 | 2 |
| 28 | 2 |
| 29 | 2 |
| 30 | 2 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 6 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 12 h 48 min at the start of September to 11 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 66 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 5:32 AM to 5:55 AM, and sunset from 6:19 PM to 5:36 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:40 | 5:39 | 5:37 | 5:36 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.8 | 5:32 | 6:19 |
| 2 | 12.7 | 5:33 | 6:18 |
| 3 | 12.7 | 5:34 | 6:16 |
| 4 | 12.7 | 5:35 | 6:15 |
| 5 | 12.6 | 5:36 | 6:13 |
| 6 | 12.6 | 5:36 | 6:12 |
| 7 | 12.6 | 5:37 | 6:10 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 5:38 | 6:09 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:39 | 6:07 |
| 10 | 12.4 | 5:39 | 6:06 |
| 11 | 12.4 | 5:40 | 6:04 |
| 12 | 12.4 | 5:41 | 6:03 |
| 13 | 12.3 | 5:42 | 6:01 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 5:42 | 6:00 |
| 15 | 12.3 | 5:43 | 5:58 |
| 16 | 12.2 | 5:44 | 5:57 |
| 17 | 12.2 | 5:45 | 5:55 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 5:45 | 5:54 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 5:46 | 5:52 |
| 20 | 12.1 | 5:47 | 5:51 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:48 | 5:49 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:48 | 5:48 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:49 | 5:46 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 5:50 | 5:45 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 5:51 | 5:43 |
| 26 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:42 |
| 27 | 11.8 | 5:52 | 5:40 |
| 28 | 11.8 | 5:53 | 5:39 |
| 29 | 11.7 | 5:54 | 5:37 |
| 30 | 11.7 | 5:55 | 5:36 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.21 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.5 kWh/m² to a high of 8.02 kWh/m² in June across the year — September's 6.21 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.8 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.5 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Halabja
None of Halabja's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Halabja's rainy season runs November–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Halabja sees seasonal dust haze (May), heaviest in May.
Is September a good time to visit Halabja?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Halabja. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Halabja in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Halabja sees daytime highs around 35°C and nights near 16°C. Pack light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Halabja in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 8 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Halabja peaks around June 17 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 11 at about 3 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 3 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | High |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Halabja in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Halabja is worst in May — around 41 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 30 | 33 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 37 | 35 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 29 | 29 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30 | Moderate |
| Feb | 33 | Moderate |
| Mar | 41 | Poor |
| Apr | 41 | Poor |
| May | 41 | Poor |
| Jun | 37 | Poor |
| Jul | 35 | Moderate |
| Aug | 34 | Moderate |
| Sep | 33 | Moderate |
| Oct | 33 | Moderate |
| Nov | 29 | Moderate |
| Dec | 29 | Moderate |
Where is Halabja?
Halabja sits at 35.2°N, 46.0°E, 711 m above sea level, in Iraq. The nearest listed city is Pāveh, 37 km away.
Topography around Halabja
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Halabja.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Halabja has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 307 m around an average of 741 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,600 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,116 m.
The land around Halabja is covered by cropland (37%), artificial surfaces (25%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, grassland (56%) and cropland (30%) within 16 km, and grassland (75%) within 80 km.
Iraq travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,410
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 60%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 9.5
- per 100k, 2013
- Road deaths
- 27.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 406
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Halabja (35.1778°, 45.9861°, elevation 711 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).