Shūrash weather in February
In February, Shūrash sees average daytime highs of 14°C and overnight lows near 4°C, with 95 mm of precipitation across 10.7 wet days and about 10.7 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 12°C in the first days to 15°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 39% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Shūrash's 11th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Shūrash's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 14°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 4°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 95 mm
- 10.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 42 min
- 6:55 AM – 5:35 PM
- Cloud cover
- 48%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.64 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.9
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 12°C in the first days to 15°C by the end.
A typical February day in Shūrash reaches about 14°C in the afternoon and slips back to 4°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 8°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 5°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg low (°C) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 3 |
| 2 | 12 | 3 |
| 3 | 12 | 3 |
| 4 | 12 | 3 |
| 5 | 12 | 3 |
| 6 | 12 | 3 |
| 7 | 12 | 3 |
| 8 | 13 | 3 |
| 9 | 13 | 3 |
| 10 | 13 | 3 |
| 11 | 13 | 3 |
| 12 | 13 | 4 |
| 13 | 13 | 4 |
| 14 | 13 | 4 |
| 15 | 13 | 4 |
| 16 | 14 | 4 |
| 17 | 14 | 4 |
| 18 | 14 | 4 |
| 19 | 14 | 4 |
| 20 | 14 | 4 |
| 21 | 14 | 5 |
| 22 | 15 | 5 |
| 23 | 15 | 5 |
| 24 | 15 | 5 |
| 25 | 15 | 5 |
| 26 | 15 | 5 |
| 27 | 16 | 5 |
| 28 | 16 | 6 |
How February really feels in Shūrash
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Shūrash weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12° / 3° | 103 | 10.8 | 1 | 9.9 | 3.1 |
| Feb | 14° / 4° | 95 | 10.7 | 0.8 | 10.7 | 3.9 |
| Mar | 18° / 7° | 92 | 10.3 | 0.1 | 11.7 | 5.9 |
| Apr | 24° / 12° | 65 | 8.2 | 0 | 12.9 | 7.3 |
| May | 31° / 17° | 21 | 4.2 | 0 | 13.8 | 5.7 |
| Jun | 37° / 22° | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 14.4 | 1.9 |
| Jul | 41° / 26° | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.2 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 41° / 25° | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 13.3 | 0.0 |
| Sep | 36° / 20° | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 12.2 | 2.5 |
| Oct | 29° / 15° | 35 | 3.2 | 0 | 11.1 | 6.5 |
| Nov | 20° / 9° | 68 | 6.8 | 0 | 10.1 | 7.0 |
| Dec | 14° / 5° | 94 | 9.4 | 0.2 | 9.6 | 4.3 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 39% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 20% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 41%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 61 |
| Cloudier (%) | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 39 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56 | 44 |
| 2 | 56 | 44 |
| 3 | 56 | 44 |
| 4 | 57 | 43 |
| 5 | 57 | 43 |
| 6 | 58 | 42 |
| 7 | 58 | 42 |
| 8 | 59 | 41 |
| 9 | 59 | 41 |
| 10 | 59 | 41 |
| 11 | 58 | 42 |
| 12 | 58 | 42 |
| 13 | 58 | 42 |
| 14 | 59 | 41 |
| 15 | 60 | 40 |
| 16 | 60 | 40 |
| 17 | 60 | 40 |
| 18 | 60 | 40 |
| 19 | 60 | 40 |
| 20 | 60 | 40 |
| 21 | 60 | 40 |
| 22 | 60 | 40 |
| 23 | 60 | 40 |
| 24 | 60 | 40 |
| 25 | 60 | 40 |
| 26 | 60 | 40 |
| 27 | 60 | 40 |
| 28 | 61 | 39 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Shūrash gets around 95 mm of rain and snow over 10.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 38% and peaks near 39% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 34 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39 | 3 |
| 2 | 39 | 3 |
| 3 | 39 | 3 |
| 4 | 38 | 3 |
| 5 | 38 | 3 |
| 6 | 38 | 3 |
| 7 | 38 | 3 |
| 8 | 38 | 3 |
| 9 | 38 | 3 |
| 10 | 38 | 3 |
| 11 | 38 | 3 |
| 12 | 38 | 3 |
| 13 | 38 | 3 |
| 14 | 38 | 3 |
| 15 | 38 | 3 |
| 16 | 38 | 3 |
| 17 | 38 | 3 |
| 18 | 38 | 3 |
| 19 | 38 | 3 |
| 20 | 38 | 3 |
| 21 | 38 | 3 |
| 22 | 38 | 2 |
| 23 | 37 | 2 |
| 24 | 36 | 2 |
| 25 | 36 | 2 |
| 26 | 35 | 2 |
| 27 | 34 | 2 |
| 28 | 34 | 2 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:07 AM to 6:40 AM, and sunset from 5:21 PM to 5:48 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:07 | 7:07 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 7:00 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:57 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:40 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:33 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 7:07 | 5:21 |
| 2 | 10.3 | 7:07 | 5:22 |
| 3 | 10.3 | 7:06 | 5:23 |
| 4 | 10.3 | 7:05 | 5:24 |
| 5 | 10.3 | 7:04 | 5:25 |
| 6 | 10.4 | 7:04 | 5:26 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 7:03 | 5:27 |
| 8 | 10.4 | 7:02 | 5:28 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 7:01 | 5:29 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 7:00 | 5:30 |
| 11 | 10.5 | 6:59 | 5:31 |
| 12 | 10.6 | 6:58 | 5:32 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 6:57 | 5:33 |
| 14 | 10.6 | 6:56 | 5:34 |
| 15 | 10.7 | 6:55 | 5:35 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 6:54 | 5:36 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 6:53 | 5:37 |
| 18 | 10.8 | 6:52 | 5:38 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 6:51 | 5:39 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 6:50 | 5:40 |
| 21 | 10.9 | 6:49 | 5:41 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 6:48 | 5:42 |
| 23 | 10.9 | 6:46 | 5:43 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 6:45 | 5:44 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 6:44 | 5:45 |
| 26 | 11.0 | 6:43 | 5:46 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 6:42 | 5:47 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 6:40 | 5:48 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.64 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.5 kWh/m² to a high of 7.97 kWh/m² in June across the year — February's 3.64 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 22 | 4.0 | Moderate |
| 23 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.0 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.2 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Shūrash
In February, Shūrash sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Shūrash's rainy season runs November–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Shūrash sees seasonal dust haze (April–May), heaviest in May.
Is February a good time to visit Shūrash?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Shūrash.
What to pack for Shūrash in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Shūrash sees daytime highs around 14°C and nights near 4°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 11 days see rain.
UV index in Shūrash in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Shūrash peaks around June 17 at about 10 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near January 12 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 4 | Moderate |
| Apr | 6 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 5 | Moderate |
| Nov | 4 | Moderate |
| Dec | 3 | Moderate |
Air quality in Shūrash in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Shūrash is worst in March — around 45 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), and holds fairly steady the rest of the year.
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 34 | 37 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 40 | 38 | 37 | 36 | 36 | 32 | 32 |
| Level | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 34 | Moderate |
| Feb | 37 | Poor |
| Mar | 45 | Poor |
| Apr | 45 | Poor |
| May | 44 | Poor |
| Jun | 40 | Poor |
| Jul | 38 | Poor |
| Aug | 37 | Poor |
| Sep | 36 | Poor |
| Oct | 36 | Poor |
| Nov | 32 | Moderate |
| Dec | 32 | Moderate |
Where is Shūrash?
Shūrash sits at 35.5°N, 44.8°E, 686 m above sea level, in Iraq. The nearest listed city is Jamjamāl, 2.0 km away.
Topography around Shūrash
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Shūrash.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Shūrash has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 229 m around an average of 718 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 515 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,429 m.
The land around Shūrash is covered by artificial surfaces (39%), cropland (35%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, grassland (54%) and cropland (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (57%) and cropland (30%) within 80 km.
Iraq travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / G
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 38% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $5,410
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 60%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 9.5
- per 100k, 2013
- Road deaths
- 27.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 406
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Shūrash (35.5156°, 44.8427°, elevation 686 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).