Aosta weather in November
In November, Aosta sees average daytime highs of -0°C and overnight lows near -7°C, with 124 mm of precipitation across 13.3 wet days and about 9.3 hours of daylight. It is the 9th-warmest and 1st-wettest month of the year here.
Highs ease over the month, from about 3°C in the first days to -3°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 54 min at the start of November to 8 h 48 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Aosta's 11th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Aosta's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -0°
- 9th warmest
- Overnight low
- -7°
- 5th coldest
- Precipitation
- 124 mm
- 13.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 9 h 12 min
- 7:39 AM – 4:53 PM
- Cloud cover
- 63%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 1.96 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
- Air quality
- Moderate
- PM2.5 10.5 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs ease over the month, from about 3°C in the first days to -3°C by the end.
A typical November day in Aosta reaches about -0°C in the afternoon and slips back to -7°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -6°C and 5°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 7°C cooler than October and about 5°C warmer than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 |
| Avg low (°C) | -4 | -4 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -6 | -6 | -6 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -7 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -8 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -9 | -10 | -10 | -10 | -10 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | -4 |
| 2 | 3 | -4 |
| 3 | 3 | -4 |
| 4 | 3 | -5 |
| 5 | 2 | -5 |
| 6 | 2 | -5 |
| 7 | 2 | -5 |
| 8 | 1 | -6 |
| 9 | 1 | -6 |
| 10 | 1 | -6 |
| 11 | 1 | -7 |
| 12 | 0 | -7 |
| 13 | 0 | -7 |
| 14 | 0 | -7 |
| 15 | 0 | -8 |
| 16 | -1 | -8 |
| 17 | -1 | -8 |
| 18 | -1 | -8 |
| 19 | -1 | -8 |
| 20 | -2 | -9 |
| 21 | -2 | -9 |
| 22 | -2 | -9 |
| 23 | -2 | -9 |
| 24 | -2 | -9 |
| 25 | -3 | -9 |
| 26 | -3 | -9 |
| 27 | -3 | -10 |
| 28 | -3 | -10 |
| 29 | -3 | -10 |
| 30 | -3 | -10 |
How November really feels in Aosta
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 30 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in November is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Aosta weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 9th-warmest and 1st-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -6° / -12° | 100 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -4° / -12° | 79 | 10.9 | 12 | 10.1 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 0° / -8° | 88 | 12 | 13.2 | 11.6 | 0.0 |
| Apr | 3° / -4° | 97 | 13 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 0.0 |
| May | 8° / 0° | 112 | 16.3 | 8.2 | 14.7 | 1.1 |
| Jun | 13° / 4° | 105 | 16.7 | 2.3 | 15.4 | 3.3 |
| Jul | 16° / 7° | 95 | 15.7 | 0.8 | 15.1 | 4.6 |
| Aug | 16° / 6° | 87 | 13.9 | 0.7 | 13.9 | 4.6 |
| Sep | 12° / 3° | 89 | 12.7 | 2.9 | 12.3 | 2.9 |
| Oct | 7° / -1° | 98 | 12.4 | 7.9 | 10.7 | 0.7 |
| Nov | -0° / -7° | 124 | 13.3 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 0.0 |
| Dec | -5° / -11° | 110 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 28% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 59%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 39 |
| Cloudier (%) | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 58 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 61 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 57 |
| 2 | 43 | 57 |
| 3 | 42 | 58 |
| 4 | 42 | 58 |
| 5 | 40 | 60 |
| 6 | 40 | 60 |
| 7 | 39 | 61 |
| 8 | 39 | 61 |
| 9 | 40 | 60 |
| 10 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 40 | 60 |
| 12 | 40 | 60 |
| 13 | 40 | 60 |
| 14 | 40 | 60 |
| 15 | 40 | 60 |
| 16 | 41 | 59 |
| 17 | 41 | 59 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 41 | 59 |
| 20 | 41 | 59 |
| 21 | 42 | 58 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 |
| 23 | 42 | 58 |
| 24 | 42 | 58 |
| 25 | 42 | 58 |
| 26 | 42 | 58 |
| 27 | 40 | 60 |
| 28 | 40 | 60 |
| 29 | 39 | 61 |
| 30 | 39 | 61 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Aosta gets around 124 mm of rain and snow over 13.3 wet days in November, the wettest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 44% and peaks near 48% on the wettest days, and about 14 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 42 | 42 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Snow chance (%) | 39 | 40 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 39 |
| 2 | 44 | 40 |
| 3 | 45 | 42 |
| 4 | 46 | 43 |
| 5 | 46 | 44 |
| 6 | 47 | 45 |
| 7 | 47 | 46 |
| 8 | 47 | 47 |
| 9 | 48 | 47 |
| 10 | 47 | 48 |
| 11 | 47 | 48 |
| 12 | 47 | 48 |
| 13 | 47 | 48 |
| 14 | 46 | 48 |
| 15 | 46 | 48 |
| 16 | 45 | 48 |
| 17 | 45 | 47 |
| 18 | 44 | 47 |
| 19 | 43 | 46 |
| 20 | 43 | 45 |
| 21 | 42 | 45 |
| 22 | 42 | 44 |
| 23 | 41 | 44 |
| 24 | 41 | 44 |
| 25 | 41 | 43 |
| 26 | 40 | 43 |
| 27 | 40 | 43 |
| 28 | 40 | 43 |
| 29 | 40 | 43 |
| 30 | 40 | 43 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 4 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 9 h 54 min at the start of November to 8 h 48 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 66 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 7:18 AM to 7:57 AM, and sunset from 5:11 PM to 4:43 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.9 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:18 | 7:19 | 7:21 | 7:22 | 7:24 | 7:25 | 7:27 | 7:28 | 7:29 | 7:31 | 7:32 | 7:34 | 7:35 | 7:36 | 7:38 | 7:39 | 7:41 | 7:42 | 7:43 | 7:45 | 7:46 | 7:47 | 7:48 | 7:50 | 7:51 | 7:52 | 7:53 | 7:55 | 7:56 | 7:57 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:11 | 5:09 | 5:08 | 5:06 | 5:05 | 5:04 | 5:03 | 5:01 | 5:00 | 4:59 | 4:58 | 4:57 | 4:56 | 4:55 | 4:54 | 4:53 | 4:52 | 4:51 | 4:50 | 4:49 | 4:49 | 4:48 | 4:47 | 4:46 | 4:46 | 4:45 | 4:45 | 4:44 | 4:44 | 4:43 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.9 | 7:18 | 5:11 |
| 2 | 9.8 | 7:19 | 5:09 |
| 3 | 9.8 | 7:21 | 5:08 |
| 4 | 9.7 | 7:22 | 5:06 |
| 5 | 9.7 | 7:24 | 5:05 |
| 6 | 9.6 | 7:25 | 5:04 |
| 7 | 9.6 | 7:27 | 5:03 |
| 8 | 9.6 | 7:28 | 5:01 |
| 9 | 9.5 | 7:29 | 5:00 |
| 10 | 9.5 | 7:31 | 4:59 |
| 11 | 9.4 | 7:32 | 4:58 |
| 12 | 9.4 | 7:34 | 4:57 |
| 13 | 9.3 | 7:35 | 4:56 |
| 14 | 9.3 | 7:36 | 4:55 |
| 15 | 9.3 | 7:38 | 4:54 |
| 16 | 9.2 | 7:39 | 4:53 |
| 17 | 9.2 | 7:41 | 4:52 |
| 18 | 9.2 | 7:42 | 4:51 |
| 19 | 9.1 | 7:43 | 4:50 |
| 20 | 9.1 | 7:45 | 4:49 |
| 21 | 9.0 | 7:46 | 4:49 |
| 22 | 9.0 | 7:47 | 4:48 |
| 23 | 9.0 | 7:48 | 4:47 |
| 24 | 8.9 | 7:50 | 4:46 |
| 25 | 8.9 | 7:51 | 4:46 |
| 26 | 8.9 | 7:52 | 4:45 |
| 27 | 8.9 | 7:53 | 4:45 |
| 28 | 8.8 | 7:55 | 4:44 |
| 29 | 8.8 | 7:56 | 4:44 |
| 30 | 8.8 | 7:57 | 4:43 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 1.96 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.01 kWh/m² in June across the year — November's 1.96 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim | Dim |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.1 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.0 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 15 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 16 | 2.0 | Dim |
| 17 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 18 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 19 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 20 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 21 | 1.9 | Dim |
| 22 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 23 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 24 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 25 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 26 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 27 | 1.8 | Dim |
| 28 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 29 | 1.7 | Dim |
| 30 | 1.7 | Dim |
Is November a good time to visit Aosta?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Aosta.
What to pack for Aosta in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Aosta sees daytime highs around -0°C and nights near -7°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat. Worth having: rain gear. About 13 days see rain.
UV index in Aosta in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Aosta peaks around July 15 at about 10 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 2 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Low |
Where is Aosta?
Aosta sits at 45.7°N, 7.3°E, 583 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Chamonix, 40 km away.
Topography around Aosta
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Aosta.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Aosta has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 983 m around an average of 764 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,150 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,625 m.
The land around Aosta is covered by trees (48%), grassland (27%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, trees (48%) and grassland (35%) within 16 km, and trees (42%) and grassland (32%) within 80 km.
Italy travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 69% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $43,309
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 513
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Aosta (45.7376°, 7.3172°, elevation 583 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).