Francavilla al Mare weather in February
In February, Francavilla al Mare sees average daytime highs of 11°C and overnight lows near 6°C, with 58 mm of precipitation across 9.5 wet days and about 10.3 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 11°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Francavilla al Mare's 9th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Francavilla al Mare's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 11°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 6°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 58 mm
- 9.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 18 min
- 7:09 AM – 5:26 PM
- Cloud cover
- 52%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 11 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 2.76 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.6
- out of 10
Francavilla al Mare is chief town of the homonym municipality.
- Air quality
- Moderate
- PM2.5 11.2 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 11°C through the month.
A typical February day in Francavilla al Mare reaches about 11°C in the afternoon and slips back to 6°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 6°C and 14°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Avg low (°C) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 6 |
| 2 | 10 | 6 |
| 3 | 10 | 6 |
| 4 | 10 | 6 |
| 5 | 10 | 6 |
| 6 | 10 | 6 |
| 7 | 10 | 6 |
| 8 | 10 | 6 |
| 9 | 10 | 6 |
| 10 | 10 | 6 |
| 11 | 10 | 6 |
| 12 | 10 | 6 |
| 13 | 10 | 6 |
| 14 | 11 | 6 |
| 15 | 11 | 6 |
| 16 | 11 | 6 |
| 17 | 11 | 6 |
| 18 | 11 | 6 |
| 19 | 11 | 6 |
| 20 | 11 | 6 |
| 21 | 11 | 6 |
| 22 | 11 | 6 |
| 23 | 11 | 6 |
| 24 | 11 | 6 |
| 25 | 11 | 6 |
| 26 | 11 | 6 |
| 27 | 11 | 7 |
| 28 | 12 | 7 |
Francavilla al Mare weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 10° / 6° | 73 | 10 | 1.7 | 9.3 | 2.4 |
| Feb | 11° / 6° | 58 | 9.5 | 1.5 | 10.3 | 2.6 |
| Mar | 13° / 8° | 62 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 11.6 | 3.8 |
| Apr | 16° / 11° | 62 | 9.9 | 0.1 | 13.1 | 5.1 |
| May | 20° / 15° | 54 | 9.6 | 0 | 14.4 | 6.6 |
| Jun | 25° / 19° | 47 | 7.1 | 0 | 15 | 7.7 |
| Jul | 27° / 22° | 36 | 5.2 | 0 | 14.8 | 7.9 |
| Aug | 27° / 22° | 39 | 6.3 | 0 | 13.7 | 7.6 |
| Sep | 24° / 19° | 68 | 8.1 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.4 |
| Oct | 19° / 15° | 62 | 8.5 | 0 | 10.8 | 6.6 |
| Nov | 15° / 11° | 82 | 9.7 | 0.3 | 9.6 | 4.7 |
| Dec | 12° / 7° | 81 | 11.2 | 1.5 | 9 | 2.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 37% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 46%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 51 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 53 |
| Cloudier (%) | 49 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 51 | 49 |
| 2 | 51 | 49 |
| 3 | 52 | 48 |
| 4 | 53 | 47 |
| 5 | 54 | 46 |
| 6 | 54 | 46 |
| 7 | 54 | 46 |
| 8 | 55 | 45 |
| 9 | 55 | 45 |
| 10 | 55 | 45 |
| 11 | 54 | 46 |
| 12 | 55 | 45 |
| 13 | 55 | 45 |
| 14 | 54 | 46 |
| 15 | 54 | 46 |
| 16 | 55 | 45 |
| 17 | 55 | 45 |
| 18 | 55 | 45 |
| 19 | 55 | 45 |
| 20 | 55 | 45 |
| 21 | 55 | 45 |
| 22 | 55 | 45 |
| 23 | 55 | 45 |
| 24 | 55 | 45 |
| 25 | 55 | 45 |
| 26 | 54 | 46 |
| 27 | 54 | 46 |
| 28 | 53 | 47 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Francavilla al Mare gets around 58 mm of rain and snow over 9.5 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 34% and peaks near 36% on the wettest days, and about 2 days bring snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Snow chance (%) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 6 |
| 2 | 33 | 6 |
| 3 | 34 | 6 |
| 4 | 34 | 6 |
| 5 | 34 | 6 |
| 6 | 34 | 6 |
| 7 | 35 | 6 |
| 8 | 35 | 6 |
| 9 | 35 | 6 |
| 10 | 35 | 6 |
| 11 | 35 | 5 |
| 12 | 36 | 5 |
| 13 | 36 | 5 |
| 14 | 36 | 5 |
| 15 | 36 | 5 |
| 16 | 35 | 5 |
| 17 | 35 | 5 |
| 18 | 35 | 5 |
| 19 | 34 | 5 |
| 20 | 34 | 5 |
| 21 | 33 | 5 |
| 22 | 33 | 5 |
| 23 | 33 | 5 |
| 24 | 33 | 5 |
| 25 | 33 | 5 |
| 26 | 33 | 5 |
| 27 | 33 | 5 |
| 28 | 33 | 6 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 11 km/h in February, the windiest month of the year.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 11 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | calm |
| 2 | 11 | calm |
| 3 | 11 | calm |
| 4 | 11 | calm |
| 5 | 11 | calm |
| 6 | 11 | calm |
| 7 | 11 | calm |
| 8 | 11 | calm |
| 9 | 11 | calm |
| 10 | 11 | calm |
| 11 | 11 | calm |
| 12 | 11 | calm |
| 13 | 11 | calm |
| 14 | 11 | calm |
| 15 | 11 | calm |
| 16 | 11 | calm |
| 17 | 11 | calm |
| 18 | 11 | calm |
| 19 | 11 | calm |
| 20 | 11 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 72 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:25 AM to 6:50 AM, and sunset from 5:08 PM to 5:42 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:14 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:09 | 7:08 | 7:06 | 7:05 | 7:03 | 7:02 | 7:01 | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:50 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:14 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.7 | 7:25 | 5:08 |
| 2 | 9.8 | 7:24 | 5:09 |
| 3 | 9.8 | 7:23 | 5:11 |
| 4 | 9.8 | 7:22 | 5:12 |
| 5 | 9.9 | 7:21 | 5:13 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 7:20 | 5:14 |
| 7 | 10.0 | 7:19 | 5:16 |
| 8 | 10.0 | 7:18 | 5:17 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:16 | 5:18 |
| 10 | 10.1 | 7:15 | 5:20 |
| 11 | 10.1 | 7:14 | 5:21 |
| 12 | 10.2 | 7:13 | 5:22 |
| 13 | 10.2 | 7:12 | 5:23 |
| 14 | 10.2 | 7:10 | 5:25 |
| 15 | 10.3 | 7:09 | 5:26 |
| 16 | 10.3 | 7:08 | 5:27 |
| 17 | 10.4 | 7:06 | 5:29 |
| 18 | 10.4 | 7:05 | 5:30 |
| 19 | 10.5 | 7:03 | 5:31 |
| 20 | 10.5 | 7:02 | 5:32 |
| 21 | 10.6 | 7:01 | 5:34 |
| 22 | 10.6 | 6:59 | 5:35 |
| 23 | 10.6 | 6:58 | 5:36 |
| 24 | 10.7 | 6:56 | 5:37 |
| 25 | 10.7 | 6:55 | 5:39 |
| 26 | 10.8 | 6:53 | 5:40 |
| 27 | 10.8 | 6:52 | 5:41 |
| 28 | 10.9 | 6:50 | 5:42 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 2.76 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.87 kWh/m² in July across the year — February's 2.76 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.2 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.3 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.4 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 12 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 13 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 14 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 15 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 16 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 17 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 18 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 19 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.3 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Francavilla al Mare?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Francavilla al Mare.
What to pack for Francavilla al Mare in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Francavilla al Mare sees daytime highs around 11°C and nights near 6°C. Pack a warm layer. Worth having: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Francavilla al Mare in February
The nearest coast averages about 13°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in August at about 26°C and coldest in February near 13°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from May 31 to Oct 15 — about 4.5 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 23 | 20 | 17 | 15 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Refreshing | Warm | Warm | Refreshing | Cool | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Bracing |
| Feb | 13 | Bracing |
| Mar | 13 | Bracing |
| Apr | 14 | Bracing |
| May | 18 | Cool |
| Jun | 22 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 25 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 23 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 20 | Cool |
| Nov | 17 | Cool |
| Dec | 15 | Cool |
UV index in Francavilla al Mare in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 3. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Francavilla al Mare peaks around July 15 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 5 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Francavilla al Mare?
Francavilla al Mare sits at 42.4°N, 14.3°E, 3 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Pescara, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Francavilla al Mare
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Francavilla al Mare.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Francavilla al Mare has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 156 m around an average of 34 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 374 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,846 m.
The land around Francavilla al Mare is covered by water (40%) and trees (20%) within 3 km, water (47%) and trees (21%) within 16 km, and trees (34%), water (29%) and grassland (20%) within 80 km.
Italy travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 69% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $43,309
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 513
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Francavilla al Mare (42.4216°, 14.2822°, elevation 3 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).