Porto Torres weather in February
In February, Porto Torres sees average daytime highs of 12°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 53 mm of precipitation across 8.7 wet days and about 10.4 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 12°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 48 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Porto Torres's 9th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Porto Torres's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 12°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 8°
- 1st coldest
- Precipitation
- 53 mm
- 8.7 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 24 min
- 7:30 AM – 5:52 PM
- Cloud cover
- 53%
- 9th clearest
- Wind
- 17 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.08 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
Porto Torres is chief town of the homonym municipality.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM2.5 8.3 µg/m³ · 2019
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 12°C through the month.
A typical February day in Porto Torres reaches about 12°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 15°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and about 2°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 8 |
| 2 | 12 | 8 |
| 3 | 12 | 8 |
| 4 | 12 | 8 |
| 5 | 12 | 8 |
| 6 | 12 | 8 |
| 7 | 12 | 8 |
| 8 | 12 | 8 |
| 9 | 12 | 8 |
| 10 | 12 | 8 |
| 11 | 12 | 8 |
| 12 | 12 | 8 |
| 13 | 12 | 8 |
| 14 | 12 | 8 |
| 15 | 12 | 8 |
| 16 | 12 | 8 |
| 17 | 12 | 8 |
| 18 | 12 | 8 |
| 19 | 12 | 8 |
| 20 | 12 | 8 |
| 21 | 13 | 8 |
| 22 | 13 | 8 |
| 23 | 13 | 8 |
| 24 | 13 | 8 |
| 25 | 13 | 8 |
| 26 | 13 | 8 |
| 27 | 13 | 8 |
| 28 | 13 | 8 |
Porto Torres weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 12th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 12° / 8° | 56 | 9 | 9.4 | 3.5 |
| Feb | 12° / 8° | 53 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 3.4 |
| Mar | 14° / 9° | 54 | 8.4 | 11.7 | 4.5 |
| Apr | 16° / 11° | 60 | 9 | 13.1 | 5.5 |
| May | 20° / 14° | 46 | 6.4 | 14.2 | 7.1 |
| Jun | 24° / 18° | 22 | 3.5 | 14.9 | 8.6 |
| Jul | 27° / 21° | 7 | 1.3 | 14.6 | 8.8 |
| Aug | 27° / 21° | 10 | 2.1 | 13.6 | 8.5 |
| Sep | 24° / 19° | 43 | 6.1 | 12.3 | 7.9 |
| Oct | 21° / 16° | 71 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 17° / 12° | 96 | 11.8 | 9.7 | 5.1 |
| Dec | 14° / 9° | 76 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 3.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 34% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 21% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 45%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 51 | 51 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
| Cloudier (%) | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 49 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 51 | 49 |
| 2 | 51 | 49 |
| 3 | 52 | 48 |
| 4 | 52 | 48 |
| 5 | 51 | 49 |
| 6 | 52 | 48 |
| 7 | 53 | 47 |
| 8 | 53 | 47 |
| 9 | 54 | 46 |
| 10 | 54 | 46 |
| 11 | 55 | 45 |
| 12 | 56 | 44 |
| 13 | 56 | 44 |
| 14 | 57 | 43 |
| 15 | 57 | 43 |
| 16 | 57 | 43 |
| 17 | 57 | 43 |
| 18 | 57 | 43 |
| 19 | 57 | 43 |
| 20 | 56 | 44 |
| 21 | 56 | 44 |
| 22 | 56 | 44 |
| 23 | 56 | 44 |
| 24 | 56 | 44 |
| 25 | 55 | 45 |
| 26 | 55 | 45 |
| 27 | 55 | 45 |
| 28 | 55 | 45 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Porto Torres gets around 53 mm of rain and snow over 8.7 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 31% and peaks near 34% on the wettest days, and about 0 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 34 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 31 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 34 |
| 2 | 34 |
| 3 | 34 |
| 4 | 33 |
| 5 | 33 |
| 6 | 33 |
| 7 | 32 |
| 8 | 32 |
| 9 | 31 |
| 10 | 31 |
| 11 | 30 |
| 12 | 30 |
| 13 | 29 |
| 14 | 29 |
| 15 | 29 |
| 16 | 29 |
| 17 | 29 |
| 18 | 29 |
| 19 | 29 |
| 20 | 29 |
| 21 | 30 |
| 22 | 30 |
| 23 | 31 |
| 24 | 31 |
| 25 | 32 |
| 26 | 33 |
| 27 | 33 |
| 28 | 33 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 17 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 17 km/h on the calmest days to 18 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Feels | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze | light breeze |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | light breeze |
| 2 | 17 | light breeze |
| 3 | 17 | light breeze |
| 4 | 17 | light breeze |
| 5 | 17 | light breeze |
| 6 | 17 | light breeze |
| 7 | 17 | light breeze |
| 8 | 17 | light breeze |
| 9 | 17 | light breeze |
| 10 | 17 | light breeze |
| 11 | 17 | light breeze |
| 12 | 17 | light breeze |
| 13 | 17 | light breeze |
| 14 | 17 | light breeze |
| 15 | 17 | light breeze |
| 16 | 17 | light breeze |
| 17 | 17 | light breeze |
| 18 | 17 | light breeze |
| 19 | 17 | light breeze |
| 20 | 17 | light breeze |
| 21 | 17 | light breeze |
| 22 | 17 | light breeze |
| 23 | 17 | light breeze |
| 24 | 17 | light breeze |
| 25 | 17 | light breeze |
| 26 | 17 | light breeze |
| 27 | 17 | light breeze |
| 28 | 17 | light breeze |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 48 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 66 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:44 AM to 7:12 AM, and sunset from 5:35 PM to 6:08 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:44 | 7:44 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:37 | 7:36 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:32 | 7:31 | 7:30 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:13 | 7:12 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:07 | 6:08 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.8 | 7:44 | 5:35 |
| 2 | 9.9 | 7:44 | 5:36 |
| 3 | 9.9 | 7:43 | 5:38 |
| 4 | 10.0 | 7:42 | 5:39 |
| 5 | 10.0 | 7:41 | 5:40 |
| 6 | 10.0 | 7:40 | 5:41 |
| 7 | 10.1 | 7:39 | 5:43 |
| 8 | 10.1 | 7:38 | 5:44 |
| 9 | 10.1 | 7:37 | 5:45 |
| 10 | 10.2 | 7:36 | 5:46 |
| 11 | 10.2 | 7:34 | 5:47 |
| 12 | 10.3 | 7:33 | 5:49 |
| 13 | 10.3 | 7:32 | 5:50 |
| 14 | 10.3 | 7:31 | 5:51 |
| 15 | 10.4 | 7:30 | 5:52 |
| 16 | 10.4 | 7:28 | 5:54 |
| 17 | 10.5 | 7:27 | 5:55 |
| 18 | 10.5 | 7:26 | 5:56 |
| 19 | 10.5 | 7:24 | 5:57 |
| 20 | 10.6 | 7:23 | 5:58 |
| 21 | 10.6 | 7:22 | 6:00 |
| 22 | 10.7 | 7:20 | 6:01 |
| 23 | 10.7 | 7:19 | 6:02 |
| 24 | 10.8 | 7:18 | 6:03 |
| 25 | 10.8 | 7:16 | 6:04 |
| 26 | 10.8 | 7:15 | 6:05 |
| 27 | 10.9 | 7:13 | 6:07 |
| 28 | 10.9 | 7:12 | 6:08 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.08 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.81 kWh/m² to a high of 7.49 kWh/m² in July across the year — February's 3.08 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 2 | 2.5 | Moderate |
| 3 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 4 | 2.6 | Moderate |
| 5 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 6 | 2.7 | Moderate |
| 7 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 8 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 9 | 2.8 | Moderate |
| 10 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 11 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.7 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Porto Torres
In February, Porto Torres sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Porto Torres's rainy season runs October–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Porto Torres?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Porto Torres.
What to pack for Porto Torres in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Porto Torres sees daytime highs around 12°C and nights near 8°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and rain gear. About 9 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Porto Torres in February
The nearest coast averages about 13°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in August at about 25°C and coldest in February near 13°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Jun 9 to Oct 24 — about 4.5 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 18 | 15 |
| Comfort | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Bracing | Cool | Refreshing | Refreshing | Warm | Refreshing | Refreshing | Cool | Cool |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14 | Bracing |
| Feb | 13 | Bracing |
| Mar | 14 | Bracing |
| Apr | 15 | Bracing |
| May | 17 | Cool |
| Jun | 21 | Refreshing |
| Jul | 24 | Refreshing |
| Aug | 25 | Warm |
| Sep | 23 | Refreshing |
| Oct | 21 | Refreshing |
| Nov | 18 | Cool |
| Dec | 15 | Cool |
UV index in Porto Torres in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 3 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Porto Torres peaks around July 14 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 21 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Low |
| Feb | 3 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | Moderate |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 7 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Moderate |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Where is Porto Torres?
Porto Torres sits at 40.8°N, 8.4°E, 5 m above sea level, in Italy. The nearest listed city is Sassari, 17 km away.
Topography around Porto Torres
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Porto Torres.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Porto Torres has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 67 m around an average of 13 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 340 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,336 m.
The land around Porto Torres is covered by water (44%) and grassland (20%) within 3 km, water (47%) within 16 km, and water (54%) and trees (21%) within 80 km.
Italy travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / L
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 69% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $43,309
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.6 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 97%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.6
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 5.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 513
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Porto Torres (40.8338°, 8.4053°, elevation 5 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).