Fukayachō weather in February
In February, Fukayachō sees average daytime highs of 9°C and overnight lows near 1°C, with 53 mm of precipitation across 7.2 wet days and about 10.6 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 8°C in the first days to 10°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Fukayachō's 4th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Fukayachō's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 9°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- 1°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 53 mm
- 7.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 36 min
- 6:39 AM – 5:16 PM
- Cloud cover
- 47%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.61 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 2.0
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 8°C in the first days to 10°C by the end.
A typical February day in Fukayachō reaches about 9°C in the afternoon and slips back to 1°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 5°C and 13°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 1°C warmer than January and about 4°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Avg low (°C) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 0 |
| 2 | 8 | 0 |
| 3 | 8 | 0 |
| 4 | 8 | 0 |
| 5 | 8 | 0 |
| 6 | 8 | 0 |
| 7 | 9 | 0 |
| 8 | 9 | 0 |
| 9 | 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 9 | 0 |
| 11 | 9 | 0 |
| 12 | 9 | 0 |
| 13 | 9 | 0 |
| 14 | 9 | 1 |
| 15 | 9 | 1 |
| 16 | 9 | 1 |
| 17 | 9 | 1 |
| 18 | 9 | 1 |
| 19 | 9 | 1 |
| 20 | 10 | 1 |
| 21 | 10 | 1 |
| 22 | 10 | 1 |
| 23 | 10 | 1 |
| 24 | 10 | 1 |
| 25 | 10 | 1 |
| 26 | 10 | 2 |
| 27 | 10 | 2 |
| 28 | 10 | 2 |
How February really feels in Fukayachō
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Fukayachō weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8° / 0° | 54 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 1.6 |
| Feb | 9° / 1° | 53 | 7.2 | 2.5 | 10.6 | 2.0 |
| Mar | 13° / 3° | 99 | 11.9 | 1.5 | 11.7 | 3.4 |
| Apr | 18° / 9° | 111 | 11.7 | 0.2 | 12.9 | 5.5 |
| May | 23° / 14° | 132 | 12.9 | 0 | 13.9 | 6.2 |
| Jun | 25° / 18° | 173 | 16.4 | 0 | 14.4 | 5.4 |
| Jul | 29° / 22° | 199 | 17.8 | 0 | 14.2 | 4.4 |
| Aug | 30° / 23° | 152 | 16.1 | 0 | 13.4 | 4.2 |
| Sep | 26° / 20° | 199 | 16.1 | 0 | 12.2 | 5.5 |
| Oct | 21° / 14° | 187 | 12.8 | 0 | 11.1 | 6.0 |
| Nov | 15° / 7° | 69 | 7.8 | 0 | 10.1 | 5.1 |
| Dec | 11° / 3° | 47 | 6.6 | 0.4 | 9.6 | 2.9 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 16% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 36%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 70 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 |
| Cloudier (%) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 70 | 30 |
| 2 | 70 | 30 |
| 3 | 70 | 30 |
| 4 | 69 | 31 |
| 5 | 69 | 31 |
| 6 | 68 | 32 |
| 7 | 68 | 32 |
| 8 | 67 | 33 |
| 9 | 67 | 33 |
| 10 | 66 | 34 |
| 11 | 66 | 34 |
| 12 | 64 | 36 |
| 13 | 64 | 36 |
| 14 | 64 | 36 |
| 15 | 63 | 37 |
| 16 | 63 | 37 |
| 17 | 63 | 37 |
| 18 | 62 | 38 |
| 19 | 62 | 38 |
| 20 | 62 | 38 |
| 21 | 62 | 38 |
| 22 | 61 | 39 |
| 23 | 61 | 39 |
| 24 | 60 | 40 |
| 25 | 61 | 39 |
| 26 | 60 | 40 |
| 27 | 59 | 41 |
| 28 | 59 | 41 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Fukayachō gets around 53 mm of rain and snow over 7.2 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 27% and peaks near 35% on the wettest days, and about 3 days bring snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
| Snow chance (%) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 10 |
| 2 | 23 | 10 |
| 3 | 23 | 10 |
| 4 | 23 | 10 |
| 5 | 23 | 10 |
| 6 | 24 | 10 |
| 7 | 24 | 11 |
| 8 | 24 | 11 |
| 9 | 25 | 11 |
| 10 | 25 | 11 |
| 11 | 25 | 11 |
| 12 | 25 | 11 |
| 13 | 26 | 10 |
| 14 | 26 | 10 |
| 15 | 26 | 10 |
| 16 | 26 | 9 |
| 17 | 26 | 9 |
| 18 | 27 | 9 |
| 19 | 27 | 9 |
| 20 | 28 | 8 |
| 21 | 29 | 8 |
| 22 | 30 | 8 |
| 23 | 31 | 8 |
| 24 | 31 | 7 |
| 25 | 32 | 7 |
| 26 | 33 | 7 |
| 27 | 34 | 7 |
| 28 | 35 | 7 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February, the windiest month of the year.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of February to 11 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 54 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:51 AM to 6:23 AM, and sunset from 5:02 PM to 5:29 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:36 | 6:35 | 6:34 | 6:33 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:02 | 5:03 | 5:04 | 5:05 | 5:06 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:11 | 5:12 | 5:13 | 5:14 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:29 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 6:51 | 5:02 |
| 2 | 10.2 | 6:50 | 5:03 |
| 3 | 10.2 | 6:49 | 5:04 |
| 4 | 10.3 | 6:49 | 5:05 |
| 5 | 10.3 | 6:48 | 5:06 |
| 6 | 10.3 | 6:47 | 5:07 |
| 7 | 10.4 | 6:46 | 5:08 |
| 8 | 10.4 | 6:45 | 5:09 |
| 9 | 10.4 | 6:44 | 5:10 |
| 10 | 10.5 | 6:44 | 5:11 |
| 11 | 10.5 | 6:43 | 5:12 |
| 12 | 10.5 | 6:42 | 5:13 |
| 13 | 10.6 | 6:41 | 5:14 |
| 14 | 10.6 | 6:40 | 5:15 |
| 15 | 10.6 | 6:39 | 5:16 |
| 16 | 10.7 | 6:38 | 5:17 |
| 17 | 10.7 | 6:36 | 5:18 |
| 18 | 10.7 | 6:35 | 5:19 |
| 19 | 10.8 | 6:34 | 5:20 |
| 20 | 10.8 | 6:33 | 5:21 |
| 21 | 10.8 | 6:32 | 5:22 |
| 22 | 10.9 | 6:31 | 5:23 |
| 23 | 10.9 | 6:30 | 5:24 |
| 24 | 11.0 | 6:28 | 5:25 |
| 25 | 11.0 | 6:27 | 5:26 |
| 26 | 11.0 | 6:26 | 5:27 |
| 27 | 11.1 | 6:25 | 5:28 |
| 28 | 11.1 | 6:23 | 5:29 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.61 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 2.41 kWh/m² to a high of 5.18 kWh/m² in May across the year — February's 3.61 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.9 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.9 | Moderate |
Is February a good time to visit Fukayachō?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Fukayachō.
What to pack for Fukayachō in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Fukayachō sees daytime highs around 9°C and nights near 1°C. Pack a warm layer. About 7 days see rain.
UV index in Fukayachō in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Fukayachō peaks around July 16 at about 9 (very high) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 23 at about 2 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 10 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2 | Moderate |
| Feb | 4 | Moderate |
| Mar | 5 | Moderate |
| Apr | 7 | High |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 3 | Moderate |
| Dec | 2 | Moderate |
Air quality in Fukayachō in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Fukayachō is worst in April — around 26 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.9× the cleanest month (December, 14 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 15 | 21 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 14 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Moderate |
| Feb | 21 | Moderate |
| Mar | 25 | Moderate |
| Apr | 26 | Moderate |
| May | 24 | Moderate |
| Jun | 20 | Moderate |
| Jul | 17 | Moderate |
| Aug | 16 | Moderate |
| Sep | 16 | Moderate |
| Oct | 16 | Moderate |
| Nov | 16 | Moderate |
| Dec | 14 | Moderate |
Where is Fukayachō?
Fukayachō sits at 36.2°N, 139.3°E, 35 m above sea level, in Japan. The nearest listed city is Sakai-nakajima, 8.0 km away.
Topography around Fukayachō
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Fukayachō.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Fukayachō has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 71 m around an average of 44 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 530 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,579 m.
The land around Fukayachō is covered by artificial surfaces (58%) and cropland (28%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (42%) and cropland (31%) within 16 km, and trees (60%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 80 km.
Japan travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type A / B
- 100 V · 50 / 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 65% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $35,951
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 99%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.2
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 3.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 446
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Fukayachō (36.2°, 139.2833°, elevation 35 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).