Nairobi weather in July
In July, Nairobi sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 13 mm of rain across 3.2 wet days and about 11.9 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 54 min at the start of July to 11 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is Nairobi's 12th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Nairobi's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 13°
- 1st coldest
- Rainfall
- 13 mm
- 3.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 54 min
- 6:40 AM – 6:36 PM
- Cloud cover
- 83%
- 12th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.14 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 7.1
- out of 10
Nairobi is capital city of Kenya.
- Air quality
- Good
- PM2.5 5.9 µg/m³ · 2018
- Density
- 6,318/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1899
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical July day in Nairobi reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 19°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and on par with August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 13 |
| 2 | 22 | 13 |
| 3 | 22 | 13 |
| 4 | 22 | 13 |
| 5 | 22 | 13 |
| 6 | 22 | 13 |
| 7 | 22 | 13 |
| 8 | 22 | 13 |
| 9 | 22 | 13 |
| 10 | 22 | 13 |
| 11 | 22 | 13 |
| 12 | 22 | 13 |
| 13 | 22 | 13 |
| 14 | 22 | 13 |
| 15 | 22 | 13 |
| 16 | 22 | 13 |
| 17 | 22 | 13 |
| 18 | 22 | 13 |
| 19 | 22 | 13 |
| 20 | 22 | 13 |
| 21 | 22 | 13 |
| 22 | 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 22 | 13 |
| 24 | 22 | 13 |
| 25 | 22 | 13 |
| 26 | 22 | 13 |
| 27 | 22 | 13 |
| 28 | 22 | 13 |
| 29 | 22 | 13 |
| 30 | 22 | 13 |
| 31 | 22 | 13 |
Nairobi weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 12th-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 14° | 35 | 6.3 | 12.1 | 7.4 |
| Feb | 27° / 15° | 29 | 4.7 | 12 | 7.3 |
| Mar | 27° / 16° | 57 | 10.3 | 12 | 6.6 |
| Apr | 25° / 16° | 114 | 19.4 | 12 | 5.2 |
| May | 24° / 15° | 92 | 16.1 | 11.9 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 22° / 14° | 42 | 7.9 | 11.9 | 6.6 |
| Jul | 22° / 13° | 13 | 3.2 | 11.9 | 7.1 |
| Aug | 23° / 13° | 21 | 3.9 | 12 | 7.1 |
| Sep | 24° / 13° | 16 | 3.3 | 12 | 7.8 |
| Oct | 25° / 15° | 40 | 9.3 | 12 | 6.8 |
| Nov | 24° / 15° | 83 | 17.6 | 12.1 | 5.7 |
| Dec | 25° / 14° | 47 | 10.2 | 12.1 | 7.0 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in July, the cloudiest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 88%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| Cloudier (%) | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 | 89 |
| 2 | 11 | 89 |
| 3 | 11 | 89 |
| 4 | 11 | 89 |
| 5 | 11 | 89 |
| 6 | 12 | 88 |
| 7 | 12 | 88 |
| 8 | 12 | 88 |
| 9 | 13 | 87 |
| 10 | 13 | 87 |
| 11 | 13 | 87 |
| 12 | 13 | 87 |
| 13 | 13 | 87 |
| 14 | 13 | 87 |
| 15 | 12 | 88 |
| 16 | 12 | 88 |
| 17 | 12 | 88 |
| 18 | 12 | 88 |
| 19 | 12 | 88 |
| 20 | 12 | 88 |
| 21 | 12 | 88 |
| 22 | 12 | 88 |
| 23 | 12 | 88 |
| 24 | 12 | 88 |
| 25 | 11 | 89 |
| 26 | 11 | 89 |
| 27 | 11 | 89 |
| 28 | 11 | 89 |
| 29 | 11 | 89 |
| 30 | 11 | 89 |
| 31 | 11 | 89 |
Chance of precipitation in July
Nairobi gets around 13 mm of rain over 3.2 wet days in July, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 10% and peaks near 14% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 14 |
| 2 | 13 |
| 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 11 |
| 6 | 10 |
| 7 | 9 |
| 8 | 9 |
| 9 | 8 |
| 10 | 8 |
| 11 | 8 |
| 12 | 8 |
| 13 | 7 |
| 14 | 7 |
| 15 | 8 |
| 16 | 8 |
| 17 | 8 |
| 18 | 8 |
| 19 | 9 |
| 20 | 10 |
| 21 | 10 |
| 22 | 11 |
| 23 | 11 |
| 24 | 12 |
| 25 | 12 |
| 26 | 12 |
| 27 | 12 |
| 28 | 12 |
| 29 | 12 |
| 30 | 12 |
| 31 | 12 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 85% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 |
| Comfortable (%) | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 76 | 24 |
| 2 | 77 | 23 |
| 3 | 78 | 22 |
| 4 | 79 | 21 |
| 5 | 80 | 20 |
| 6 | 81 | 19 |
| 7 | 82 | 18 |
| 8 | 83 | 17 |
| 9 | 84 | 16 |
| 10 | 85 | 15 |
| 11 | 86 | 14 |
| 12 | 87 | 13 |
| 13 | 88 | 12 |
| 14 | 88 | 12 |
| 15 | 88 | 12 |
| 16 | 88 | 12 |
| 17 | 88 | 12 |
| 18 | 88 | 12 |
| 19 | 88 | 12 |
| 20 | 88 | 12 |
| 21 | 87 | 13 |
| 22 | 87 | 13 |
| 23 | 87 | 13 |
| 24 | 87 | 13 |
| 25 | 86 | 14 |
| 26 | 86 | 14 |
| 27 | 86 | 14 |
| 28 | 87 | 13 |
| 29 | 87 | 13 |
| 30 | 87 | 13 |
| 31 | 87 | 13 |
Wind in July
Winds average 7 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 7 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 7 | calm |
| 16 | 7 | calm |
| 17 | 7 | calm |
| 18 | 7 | calm |
| 19 | 7 | calm |
| 20 | 7 | calm |
| 21 | 7 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
| 29 | 7 | calm |
| 30 | 7 | calm |
| 31 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 11 h 54 min at the start of July to 11 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 0 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 6:38 AM to 6:41 AM, and sunset from 6:34 PM to 6:37 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:38 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:41 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:34 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:35 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:36 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:37 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.9 | 6:38 | 6:34 |
| 2 | 11.9 | 6:38 | 6:34 |
| 3 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:34 |
| 4 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:34 |
| 5 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:35 |
| 6 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:35 |
| 7 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:35 |
| 8 | 11.9 | 6:39 | 6:35 |
| 9 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:35 |
| 10 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:35 |
| 11 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 12 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 13 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 14 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 15 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 16 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 17 | 11.9 | 6:40 | 6:36 |
| 18 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 20 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 21 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 22 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 23 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 24 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 25 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 26 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 27 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 28 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 29 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 30 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
| 31 | 11.9 | 6:41 | 6:37 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 4.14 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.14 kWh/m² to a high of 6.81 kWh/m² in February across the year — July's 4.14 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 31 | 4.2 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Nairobi
None of Nairobi's seasonal hazards are active in July. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Nairobi's rainy season runs March–May, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is July a good time to visit Nairobi?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is one of the better times to visit Nairobi for general sightseeing.
What to pack for Nairobi in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, Nairobi sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 13°C. Little to plan around — just the basics. About 3 days see rain.
UV index in Nairobi in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 11 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Nairobi peaks around March 15 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 20 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 16 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 11 | Extreme |
| Aug | 12 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Nairobi?
Nairobi sits at 1.3°S, 36.8°E, 1,684 m above sea level, in Kenya. The nearest listed city is Pumwani, 3.0 km away.
Topography around Nairobi
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Nairobi.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Nairobi has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 127 m around an average of 1,689 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 484 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 3,244 m.
The land around Nairobi is covered by artificial surfaces (71%) and trees (21%) within 3 km, artificial surfaces (32%), trees (31%) and grassland (22%) within 16 km, and grassland (37%) and shrubs (34%) within 80 km.
Kenya travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $2,363
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.7 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 4.9
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 28.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- High
- EF EPI 593
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Nairobi (-1.2833°, 36.8167°, elevation 1,684 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).