Qacha’s Nek weather in June
In June, Qacha’s Nek sees average daytime highs of 15°C and overnight lows near -2°C, with 14 mm of precipitation across 2.3 wet days and about 10.1 hours of daylight. It is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 81% of the time in June, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 12 min at the start of June to 10 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, June is Qacha’s Nek's 2nd-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Qacha’s Nek's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 15°
- 11th warmest
- Overnight low
- -2°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 14 mm
- 2.3 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 06 min
- 7:03 AM – 5:08 PM
- Cloud cover
- 20%
- 2nd clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.61 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.7
- out of 10
Qacha’s Nek is mountain pass in Qacha's Nek District, Lesotho.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in June
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 15°C through the month.
A typical June day in Qacha’s Nek reaches about 15°C in the afternoon and slips back to -2°C overnight — a 16°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 19°C. Set against its neighbours, June runs about 2°C cooler than May and on par with July.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Avg low (°C) | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 | -1 |
| 2 | 15 | -1 |
| 3 | 15 | -1 |
| 4 | 15 | -1 |
| 5 | 15 | -1 |
| 6 | 15 | -1 |
| 7 | 15 | -1 |
| 8 | 15 | -1 |
| 9 | 15 | -1 |
| 10 | 15 | -1 |
| 11 | 15 | -2 |
| 12 | 15 | -2 |
| 13 | 15 | -2 |
| 14 | 15 | -2 |
| 15 | 15 | -2 |
| 16 | 15 | -2 |
| 17 | 15 | -2 |
| 18 | 15 | -2 |
| 19 | 14 | -2 |
| 20 | 14 | -2 |
| 21 | 14 | -2 |
| 22 | 14 | -2 |
| 23 | 14 | -2 |
| 24 | 14 | -2 |
| 25 | 14 | -2 |
| 26 | 14 | -2 |
| 27 | 14 | -2 |
| 28 | 14 | -2 |
| 29 | 14 | -2 |
| 30 | 14 | -2 |
How June really feels in Qacha’s Nek
Once humidity and wind are folded in, June averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 30 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in June is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Qacha’s Nek weather by month
How June compares with the rest of the year at a glance. June is the 11th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24° / 12° | 156 | 18.6 | 0 | 13.7 | 5.8 |
| Feb | 23° / 11° | 134 | 15.4 | 0 | 13.1 | 5.9 |
| Mar | 22° / 9° | 100 | 14.1 | 0.1 | 12.2 | 6.3 |
| Apr | 19° / 6° | 46 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 11.3 | 6.8 |
| May | 17° / 2° | 20 | 4 | 0.5 | 10.5 | 6.8 |
| Jun | 15° / -2° | 14 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 10.1 | 5.7 |
| Jul | 14° / -2° | 14 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 10.3 | 5.5 |
| Aug | 16° / 0° | 25 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 10.9 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 20° / 5° | 30 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 11.8 | 7.4 |
| Oct | 21° / 7° | 85 | 12.8 | 0.5 | 12.7 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 22° / 9° | 111 | 15.3 | 0.5 | 13.5 | 5.9 |
| Dec | 23° / 11° | 143 | 18.4 | 0 | 13.9 | 5.7 |
Cloud cover in June
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 81% of the time in June.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of June, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 12%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 |
| Cloudier (%) | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 86 | 14 |
| 2 | 87 | 13 |
| 3 | 87 | 13 |
| 4 | 87 | 13 |
| 5 | 87 | 13 |
| 6 | 87 | 13 |
| 7 | 87 | 13 |
| 8 | 87 | 13 |
| 9 | 87 | 13 |
| 10 | 87 | 13 |
| 11 | 87 | 13 |
| 12 | 87 | 13 |
| 13 | 87 | 13 |
| 14 | 87 | 13 |
| 15 | 87 | 13 |
| 16 | 87 | 13 |
| 17 | 87 | 13 |
| 18 | 88 | 12 |
| 19 | 88 | 12 |
| 20 | 88 | 12 |
| 21 | 88 | 12 |
| 22 | 89 | 11 |
| 23 | 89 | 11 |
| 24 | 89 | 11 |
| 25 | 89 | 11 |
| 26 | 90 | 10 |
| 27 | 90 | 10 |
| 28 | 90 | 10 |
| 29 | 90 | 10 |
| 30 | 91 | 9 |
Chance of precipitation in June
Qacha’s Nek gets around 14 mm of rain and snow over 2.3 wet days in June. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 7% and peaks near 9% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Snow chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 3 |
| 2 | 8 | 3 |
| 3 | 8 | 3 |
| 4 | 8 | 3 |
| 5 | 8 | 3 |
| 6 | 8 | 3 |
| 7 | 8 | 3 |
| 8 | 9 | 3 |
| 9 | 9 | 3 |
| 10 | 8 | 3 |
| 11 | 8 | 3 |
| 12 | 8 | 3 |
| 13 | 8 | 3 |
| 14 | 8 | 3 |
| 15 | 7 | 3 |
| 16 | 7 | 3 |
| 17 | 7 | 3 |
| 18 | 7 | 3 |
| 19 | 7 | 3 |
| 20 | 7 | 3 |
| 21 | 7 | 3 |
| 22 | 7 | 3 |
| 23 | 7 | 3 |
| 24 | 7 | 3 |
| 25 | 7 | 3 |
| 26 | 7 | 3 |
| 27 | 6 | 3 |
| 28 | 6 | 3 |
| 29 | 6 | 3 |
| 30 | 6 | 3 |
Humidity in June
Most of June feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, June lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in June
Winds average 9 km/h in June.
Across June, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 9 | calm |
| 19 | 9 | calm |
| 20 | 9 | calm |
| 21 | 9 | calm |
| 22 | 9 | calm |
| 23 | 9 | calm |
| 24 | 9 | calm |
| 25 | 9 | calm |
| 26 | 9 | calm |
| 27 | 9 | calm |
| 28 | 9 | calm |
| 29 | 9 | calm |
| 30 | 9 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in June
Daylight runs from about 10 h 12 min at the start of June to 10 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 6 minutes over June. Sunrise moves from 6:57 AM to 7:06 AM, and sunset from 5:09 PM to 5:11 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:59 | 6:59 | 7:00 | 7:00 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:01 | 7:02 | 7:02 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:03 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:04 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:05 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:06 | 7:06 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:07 | 5:07 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:08 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:09 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:10 | 5:11 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.2 | 6:57 | 5:09 |
| 2 | 10.2 | 6:57 | 5:09 |
| 3 | 10.2 | 6:58 | 5:08 |
| 4 | 10.2 | 6:58 | 5:08 |
| 5 | 10.2 | 6:59 | 5:08 |
| 6 | 10.1 | 6:59 | 5:08 |
| 7 | 10.1 | 7:00 | 5:08 |
| 8 | 10.1 | 7:00 | 5:08 |
| 9 | 10.1 | 7:01 | 5:08 |
| 10 | 10.1 | 7:01 | 5:08 |
| 11 | 10.1 | 7:01 | 5:08 |
| 12 | 10.1 | 7:02 | 5:07 |
| 13 | 10.1 | 7:02 | 5:07 |
| 14 | 10.1 | 7:03 | 5:08 |
| 15 | 10.1 | 7:03 | 5:08 |
| 16 | 10.1 | 7:03 | 5:08 |
| 17 | 10.1 | 7:04 | 5:08 |
| 18 | 10.1 | 7:04 | 5:08 |
| 19 | 10.1 | 7:04 | 5:08 |
| 20 | 10.1 | 7:05 | 5:08 |
| 21 | 10.1 | 7:05 | 5:08 |
| 22 | 10.1 | 7:05 | 5:08 |
| 23 | 10.1 | 7:05 | 5:09 |
| 24 | 10.1 | 7:05 | 5:09 |
| 25 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:09 |
| 26 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:09 |
| 27 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:10 |
| 28 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:10 |
| 29 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:10 |
| 30 | 10.1 | 7:06 | 5:11 |
Solar energy in June
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in June, about 3.61 kWh/m² — the year's lowest.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.61 kWh/m² to a high of 7.14 kWh/m² in December across the year — June's 3.61 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 29 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 30 | 3.7 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Qacha’s Nek
None of Qacha’s Nek's seasonal hazards are active in June. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Qacha’s Nek's rainy season runs October–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is June a good time to visit Qacha’s Nek?
Our two travel scores rate June for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
June is a reasonable time to visit Qacha’s Nek for sightseeing.
What to pack for Qacha’s Nek in June
From June's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In June, Qacha’s Nek sees daytime highs around 15°C and nights near -2°C. Worth packing: a warm layer.
UV index in Qacha’s Nek in June
Clear-sky midday UV in June peaks around 4 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Qacha’s Nek peaks around January 14 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 12 | Extreme |
| Apr | 8 | Very high |
| May | 6 | High |
| Jun | 4 | Moderate |
| Jul | 5 | Moderate |
| Aug | 7 | High |
| Sep | 8 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Qacha’s Nek?
Qacha’s Nek sits at 30.1°S, 28.7°E, 1,974 m above sea level, in Lesotho. The nearest listed city is Thaba-Tseka, 66 km away.
Topography around Qacha’s Nek
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Qacha’s Nek.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Qacha’s Nek has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 559 m around an average of 1,983 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,290 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,517 m.
The land around Qacha’s Nek is covered by grassland (72%) within 3 km, grassland (80%) within 16 km, and grassland (87%) within 80 km.
Lesotho travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type M
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 34% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,089
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.4 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 31%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 38.2
- per 100k, 2008
- Road deaths
- 31.9
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Qacha’s Nek (-30.1154°, 28.6894°, elevation 1,974 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).