Miandrarivo weather in September
In September, Miandrarivo sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 6 mm of rain across 1.5 wet days and about 11.9 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 26°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 63% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 36 min at the start of September to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Miandrarivo's 4th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Miandrarivo's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 26°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 4th coldest
- Rainfall
- 6 mm
- 1.5 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 54 min
- 5:51 AM – 5:44 PM
- Cloud cover
- 30%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.38 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 8.6
- out of 10
Temperature in September
Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 26°C by the end.
A typical September day in Miandrarivo reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 14°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 23°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 2°C warmer than August and about 1°C cooler than October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 11 |
| 2 | 24 | 11 |
| 3 | 24 | 11 |
| 4 | 24 | 11 |
| 5 | 25 | 11 |
| 6 | 25 | 11 |
| 7 | 25 | 11 |
| 8 | 25 | 11 |
| 9 | 25 | 11 |
| 10 | 25 | 11 |
| 11 | 25 | 11 |
| 12 | 25 | 11 |
| 13 | 25 | 11 |
| 14 | 26 | 12 |
| 15 | 26 | 12 |
| 16 | 26 | 12 |
| 17 | 26 | 12 |
| 18 | 26 | 12 |
| 19 | 26 | 12 |
| 20 | 26 | 12 |
| 21 | 26 | 12 |
| 22 | 26 | 12 |
| 23 | 26 | 12 |
| 24 | 26 | 12 |
| 25 | 26 | 13 |
| 26 | 26 | 13 |
| 27 | 26 | 13 |
| 28 | 26 | 13 |
| 29 | 27 | 13 |
| 30 | 27 | 13 |
Miandrarivo weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 25° / 17° | 459 | 27.2 | 13 | 4.1 |
| Feb | 25° / 17° | 408 | 23.2 | 12.7 | 4.3 |
| Mar | 25° / 16° | 244 | 20.8 | 12.1 | 5.1 |
| Apr | 25° / 14° | 80 | 12 | 11.6 | 6.8 |
| May | 23° / 12° | 17 | 3.6 | 11.1 | 8.3 |
| Jun | 22° / 10° | 5 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 8.6 |
| Jul | 22° / 9° | 5 | 1.3 | 10.9 | 8.6 |
| Aug | 23° / 10° | 3 | 1 | 11.3 | 9.0 |
| Sep | 26° / 12° | 6 | 1.5 | 11.9 | 8.6 |
| Oct | 27° / 14° | 60 | 9.6 | 12.4 | 7.0 |
| Nov | 26° / 15° | 158 | 16.9 | 12.9 | 5.6 |
| Dec | 25° / 16° | 324 | 24.3 | 13.2 | 4.5 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 63% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 22% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 15%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 84 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 83 |
| Cloudier (%) | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 84 | 16 |
| 2 | 84 | 16 |
| 3 | 85 | 15 |
| 4 | 85 | 15 |
| 5 | 86 | 14 |
| 6 | 86 | 14 |
| 7 | 87 | 13 |
| 8 | 87 | 13 |
| 9 | 87 | 13 |
| 10 | 87 | 13 |
| 11 | 87 | 13 |
| 12 | 87 | 13 |
| 13 | 87 | 13 |
| 14 | 87 | 13 |
| 15 | 87 | 13 |
| 16 | 87 | 13 |
| 17 | 87 | 13 |
| 18 | 87 | 13 |
| 19 | 87 | 13 |
| 20 | 86 | 14 |
| 21 | 85 | 15 |
| 22 | 85 | 15 |
| 23 | 84 | 16 |
| 24 | 84 | 16 |
| 25 | 84 | 16 |
| 26 | 84 | 16 |
| 27 | 83 | 17 |
| 28 | 83 | 17 |
| 29 | 83 | 17 |
| 30 | 83 | 17 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Miandrarivo gets around 6 mm of rain over 1.5 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 6% and peaks near 13% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 3 |
| 5 | 3 |
| 6 | 3 |
| 7 | 3 |
| 8 | 3 |
| 9 | 3 |
| 10 | 3 |
| 11 | 3 |
| 12 | 3 |
| 13 | 4 |
| 14 | 4 |
| 15 | 4 |
| 16 | 5 |
| 17 | 5 |
| 18 | 5 |
| 19 | 6 |
| 20 | 6 |
| 21 | 7 |
| 22 | 7 |
| 23 | 8 |
| 24 | 8 |
| 25 | 9 |
| 26 | 10 |
| 27 | 11 |
| 28 | 11 |
| 29 | 12 |
| 30 | 13 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 97% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 99 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 96 | 96 | 95 | 95 | 94 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 91 |
| Comfortable (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0 |
| 2 | 100 | 0 |
| 3 | 100 | 0 |
| 4 | 100 | 0 |
| 5 | 99 | 1 |
| 6 | 99 | 1 |
| 7 | 99 | 1 |
| 8 | 99 | 1 |
| 9 | 99 | 1 |
| 10 | 99 | 1 |
| 11 | 99 | 1 |
| 12 | 99 | 1 |
| 13 | 99 | 1 |
| 14 | 98 | 2 |
| 15 | 98 | 2 |
| 16 | 98 | 2 |
| 17 | 98 | 2 |
| 18 | 98 | 2 |
| 19 | 97 | 3 |
| 20 | 97 | 3 |
| 21 | 97 | 3 |
| 22 | 96 | 4 |
| 23 | 96 | 4 |
| 24 | 95 | 5 |
| 25 | 95 | 5 |
| 26 | 94 | 6 |
| 27 | 93 | 7 |
| 28 | 92 | 8 |
| 29 | 91 | 9 |
| 30 | 91 | 9 |
Wind in September
Winds average 9 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 36 min at the start of September to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 36 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:04 AM to 5:38 AM, and sunset from 5:41 PM to 5:47 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 5:59 | 5:58 | 5:57 | 5:56 | 5:55 | 5:54 | 5:53 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:51 | 5:50 | 5:49 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:41 | 5:40 | 5:39 | 5:39 | 5:38 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.6 | 6:04 | 5:41 |
| 2 | 11.6 | 6:03 | 5:41 |
| 3 | 11.6 | 6:03 | 5:41 |
| 4 | 11.7 | 6:02 | 5:42 |
| 5 | 11.7 | 6:01 | 5:42 |
| 6 | 11.7 | 6:00 | 5:42 |
| 7 | 11.7 | 5:59 | 5:42 |
| 8 | 11.7 | 5:58 | 5:42 |
| 9 | 11.8 | 5:57 | 5:43 |
| 10 | 11.8 | 5:56 | 5:43 |
| 11 | 11.8 | 5:55 | 5:43 |
| 12 | 11.8 | 5:54 | 5:43 |
| 13 | 11.8 | 5:53 | 5:43 |
| 14 | 11.9 | 5:52 | 5:44 |
| 15 | 11.9 | 5:52 | 5:44 |
| 16 | 11.9 | 5:51 | 5:44 |
| 17 | 11.9 | 5:50 | 5:44 |
| 18 | 11.9 | 5:49 | 5:44 |
| 19 | 11.9 | 5:48 | 5:45 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 5:47 | 5:45 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 5:46 | 5:45 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 5:45 | 5:45 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 5:44 | 5:45 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 5:43 | 5:46 |
| 25 | 12.1 | 5:42 | 5:46 |
| 26 | 12.1 | 5:41 | 5:46 |
| 27 | 12.1 | 5:40 | 5:46 |
| 28 | 12.1 | 5:39 | 5:47 |
| 29 | 12.1 | 5:39 | 5:47 |
| 30 | 12.2 | 5:38 | 5:47 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 6.38 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.84 kWh/m² in November across the year — September's 6.38 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 2 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 3 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.5 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.6 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.7 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.7 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Miandrarivo
None of Miandrarivo's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Miandrarivo's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is September a good time to visit Miandrarivo?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is one of the better times to visit Miandrarivo for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Miandrarivo in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Miandrarivo sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 12°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: light clothes.
UV index in Miandrarivo in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Miandrarivo peaks around February 12 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 7 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 16 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Air quality in Miandrarivo in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Miandrarivo is worst in August — around 23 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 4.3× the cleanest month (January, 5 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 5 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 13 | 7 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Good |
| Feb | 8 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 23 | Moderate |
| Jul | 23 | Moderate |
| Aug | 23 | Moderate |
| Sep | 19 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 7 | Good |
Where is Miandrarivo?
Miandrarivo sits at 19.4°S, 46.8°E, 1,424 m above sea level, in Madagascar. The nearest listed city is Faratsiho, 21 km away.
Topography around Miandrarivo
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Miandrarivo.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Miandrarivo has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 317 m around an average of 1,409 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,191 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,131 m.
The land around Miandrarivo is covered by grassland (44%) and cropland (44%) within 3 km, grassland (65%) and cropland (28%) within 16 km, and grassland (64%) and cropland (34%) within 80 km.
Madagascar travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 31% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $599
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 22%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 29.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 457
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Miandrarivo (-19.4333°, 46.75°, elevation 1,424 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).