Soavinandriana weather in February
In February, Soavinandriana sees average daytime highs of 26°C and overnight lows near 17°C, with 353 mm of rain across 23.2 wet days and about 12.7 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 9% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Soavinandriana's 11th-clearest and 8th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Soavinandriana's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 26°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 17°
- 11th coldest
- Rainfall
- 353 mm
- 23.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 36 min
- 5:48 AM – 6:27 PM
- Cloud cover
- 77%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 7 km/h
- 8th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.59 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.2
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 26°C through the month.
A typical February day in Soavinandriana reaches about 26°C in the afternoon and slips back to 17°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 24°C and 27°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg low (°C) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 26 | 17 |
| 2 | 26 | 17 |
| 3 | 26 | 17 |
| 4 | 26 | 17 |
| 5 | 26 | 17 |
| 6 | 26 | 17 |
| 7 | 26 | 17 |
| 8 | 26 | 17 |
| 9 | 26 | 17 |
| 10 | 26 | 17 |
| 11 | 26 | 17 |
| 12 | 26 | 17 |
| 13 | 26 | 17 |
| 14 | 26 | 17 |
| 15 | 26 | 17 |
| 16 | 26 | 17 |
| 17 | 26 | 17 |
| 18 | 26 | 17 |
| 19 | 26 | 17 |
| 20 | 26 | 17 |
| 21 | 26 | 17 |
| 22 | 26 | 17 |
| 23 | 26 | 17 |
| 24 | 26 | 17 |
| 25 | 26 | 17 |
| 26 | 26 | 17 |
| 27 | 26 | 17 |
| 28 | 26 | 17 |
Soavinandriana weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 6th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26° / 17° | 400 | 26 | 13 | 4.1 |
| Feb | 26° / 17° | 353 | 23.2 | 12.7 | 4.2 |
| Mar | 26° / 16° | 206 | 20.5 | 12.1 | 5.1 |
| Apr | 25° / 15° | 62 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 7.0 |
| May | 24° / 12° | 14 | 3 | 11.1 | 8.5 |
| Jun | 23° / 10° | 3 | 0.8 | 10.9 | 8.9 |
| Jul | 22° / 10° | 4 | 1 | 11 | 8.8 |
| Aug | 24° / 11° | 2 | 0.9 | 11.4 | 9.0 |
| Sep | 26° / 12° | 6 | 1.3 | 11.9 | 8.5 |
| Oct | 27° / 15° | 55 | 9.3 | 12.4 | 6.9 |
| Nov | 27° / 16° | 137 | 16.2 | 12.9 | 5.6 |
| Dec | 26° / 17° | 270 | 23.5 | 13.1 | 4.6 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 9% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 14% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 77%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
| Cloudier (%) | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 75 | 75 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 21 | 79 |
| 2 | 21 | 79 |
| 3 | 21 | 79 |
| 4 | 21 | 79 |
| 5 | 21 | 79 |
| 6 | 21 | 79 |
| 7 | 21 | 79 |
| 8 | 21 | 79 |
| 9 | 21 | 79 |
| 10 | 21 | 79 |
| 11 | 21 | 79 |
| 12 | 22 | 78 |
| 13 | 22 | 78 |
| 14 | 22 | 78 |
| 15 | 22 | 78 |
| 16 | 22 | 78 |
| 17 | 22 | 78 |
| 18 | 23 | 77 |
| 19 | 23 | 77 |
| 20 | 25 | 75 |
| 21 | 25 | 75 |
| 22 | 26 | 74 |
| 23 | 26 | 74 |
| 24 | 27 | 73 |
| 25 | 28 | 72 |
| 26 | 28 | 72 |
| 27 | 29 | 71 |
| 28 | 29 | 71 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Soavinandriana gets around 353 mm of rain over 23.2 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 83% and peaks near 87% on the wettest days. The odds ease toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 87 |
| 2 | 87 |
| 3 | 87 |
| 4 | 87 |
| 5 | 87 |
| 6 | 86 |
| 7 | 86 |
| 8 | 86 |
| 9 | 85 |
| 10 | 85 |
| 11 | 84 |
| 12 | 84 |
| 13 | 83 |
| 14 | 83 |
| 15 | 82 |
| 16 | 82 |
| 17 | 81 |
| 18 | 81 |
| 19 | 80 |
| 20 | 80 |
| 21 | 80 |
| 22 | 80 |
| 23 | 79 |
| 24 | 79 |
| 25 | 78 |
| 26 | 78 |
| 27 | 77 |
| 28 | 77 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 65% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 25% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comfortable (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| Humid (%) | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 |
| Muggy (%) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 |
| Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 63 | 29 |
| 2 | 8 | 63 | 29 |
| 3 | 8 | 63 | 29 |
| 4 | 8 | 64 | 28 |
| 5 | 9 | 63 | 28 |
| 6 | 9 | 63 | 28 |
| 7 | 9 | 64 | 27 |
| 8 | 9 | 64 | 27 |
| 9 | 9 | 64 | 27 |
| 10 | 9 | 65 | 26 |
| 11 | 10 | 64 | 26 |
| 12 | 10 | 64 | 26 |
| 13 | 10 | 64 | 26 |
| 14 | 10 | 64 | 26 |
| 15 | 10 | 65 | 25 |
| 16 | 10 | 65 | 25 |
| 17 | 10 | 65 | 25 |
| 18 | 10 | 66 | 24 |
| 19 | 10 | 66 | 24 |
| 20 | 10 | 67 | 23 |
| 21 | 10 | 67 | 23 |
| 22 | 11 | 67 | 22 |
| 23 | 11 | 68 | 21 |
| 24 | 11 | 68 | 21 |
| 25 | 11 | 69 | 20 |
| 26 | 12 | 69 | 19 |
| 27 | 12 | 69 | 19 |
| 28 | 13 | 69 | 18 |
Wind in February
Winds average 7 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 8 | calm |
| 9 | 8 | calm |
| 10 | 8 | calm |
| 11 | 8 | calm |
| 12 | 8 | calm |
| 13 | 8 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 7 | calm |
| 23 | 7 | calm |
| 24 | 7 | calm |
| 25 | 7 | calm |
| 26 | 7 | calm |
| 27 | 7 | calm |
| 28 | 7 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 30 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:41 AM to 5:54 AM, and sunset from 6:32 PM to 6:19 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:32 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:31 | 6:30 | 6:30 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:29 | 6:28 | 6:28 | 6:27 | 6:27 | 6:26 | 6:26 | 6:25 | 6:24 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:19 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 5:41 | 6:32 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 5:41 | 6:32 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 5:42 | 6:32 |
| 4 | 12.8 | 5:43 | 6:31 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 5:43 | 6:31 |
| 6 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:31 |
| 7 | 12.8 | 5:44 | 6:31 |
| 8 | 12.8 | 5:45 | 6:30 |
| 9 | 12.7 | 5:45 | 6:30 |
| 10 | 12.7 | 5:46 | 6:29 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 5:46 | 6:29 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 5:47 | 6:29 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 5:47 | 6:28 |
| 14 | 12.7 | 5:48 | 6:28 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 5:48 | 6:27 |
| 16 | 12.6 | 5:49 | 6:27 |
| 17 | 12.6 | 5:49 | 6:26 |
| 18 | 12.6 | 5:50 | 6:26 |
| 19 | 12.6 | 5:50 | 6:25 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 5:50 | 6:24 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 5:51 | 6:24 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 5:51 | 6:23 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 5:52 | 6:23 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 5:52 | 6:22 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 5:53 | 6:21 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 5:53 | 6:21 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 5:53 | 6:20 |
| 28 | 12.4 | 5:54 | 6:19 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.59 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.57 kWh/m² to a high of 6.81 kWh/m² in November across the year — February's 5.59 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Soavinandriana
In February, Soavinandriana sits inside its monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Soavinandriana's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Soavinandriana?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Soavinandriana for sightseeing.
What to pack for Soavinandriana in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Soavinandriana sees daytime highs around 26°C and nights near 17°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 23 days see rain.
UV index in Soavinandriana in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 17 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Soavinandriana peaks around February 11 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 7 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 16 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | High | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 16 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 8 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Air quality in Soavinandriana in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Soavinandriana is worst in August — around 23 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 4.3× the cleanest month (January, 5 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 5 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 13 | 7 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 5 | Good |
| Feb | 8 | Good |
| Mar | 10 | Good |
| Apr | 14 | Moderate |
| May | 23 | Moderate |
| Jun | 23 | Moderate |
| Jul | 23 | Moderate |
| Aug | 23 | Moderate |
| Sep | 19 | Moderate |
| Oct | 21 | Moderate |
| Nov | 13 | Moderate |
| Dec | 7 | Good |
Where is Soavinandriana?
Soavinandriana sits at 19.2°S, 46.7°E, 1,500 m above sea level, in Madagascar. The nearest listed city is Miandrarivo, 30 km away.
Topography around Soavinandriana
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Soavinandriana.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Soavinandriana has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 352 m around an average of 1,493 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 833 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,107 m.
The land around Soavinandriana is covered by cropland (72%) within 3 km, cropland (55%) and grassland (36%) within 16 km, and grassland (66%) and cropland (32%) within 80 km.
Madagascar travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / E
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 31% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $599
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 22%
- of population, 2024
- Road deaths
- 29.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 457
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Soavinandriana (-19.1667°, 46.7333°, elevation 1,500 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).