Pemba weather in February
In February, Pemba sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 25°C, with 213 mm of rain across 23.1 wet days and about 12.4 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 8% of the time in February, and the air most often feels miserable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 36 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Pemba's 11th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Pemba's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 25°
- 10th coldest
- Rainfall
- 213 mm
- 23.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 24 min
- 5:20 AM – 5:45 PM
- Cloud cover
- 79%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.67 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.0
- out of 10
Pemba is city in Mozambique.
- Founded
- 1904
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Pemba reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 25°C overnight — a 5°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 29°C and 32°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 25 |
| 2 | 30 | 25 |
| 3 | 30 | 25 |
| 4 | 30 | 25 |
| 5 | 30 | 25 |
| 6 | 30 | 25 |
| 7 | 30 | 25 |
| 8 | 30 | 25 |
| 9 | 30 | 25 |
| 10 | 30 | 25 |
| 11 | 30 | 25 |
| 12 | 30 | 25 |
| 13 | 30 | 25 |
| 14 | 30 | 25 |
| 15 | 30 | 25 |
| 16 | 30 | 25 |
| 17 | 30 | 25 |
| 18 | 30 | 25 |
| 19 | 30 | 25 |
| 20 | 30 | 25 |
| 21 | 30 | 25 |
| 22 | 30 | 25 |
| 23 | 30 | 25 |
| 24 | 30 | 25 |
| 25 | 30 | 25 |
| 26 | 30 | 25 |
| 27 | 30 | 25 |
| 28 | 30 | 25 |
How February really feels in Pemba
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 28 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is heat — humidity pushes the afternoon "feels like" well above the raw temperature.
Pemba weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 3rd-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 30° / 25° | 252 | 24.9 | 12.7 | 3.1 |
| Feb | 30° / 25° | 213 | 23.1 | 12.4 | 3.0 |
| Mar | 30° / 25° | 206 | 24.7 | 12.1 | 3.3 |
| Apr | 30° / 24° | 95 | 16.4 | 11.7 | 4.6 |
| May | 29° / 23° | 23 | 6 | 11.4 | 6.4 |
| Jun | 28° / 21° | 10 | 3.4 | 11.3 | 7.6 |
| Jul | 27° / 21° | 9 | 2.9 | 11.3 | 7.9 |
| Aug | 28° / 21° | 11 | 4.2 | 11.6 | 7.7 |
| Sep | 29° / 22° | 11 | 3.4 | 11.9 | 7.0 |
| Oct | 30° / 23° | 18 | 5.2 | 12.3 | 6.0 |
| Nov | 31° / 25° | 42 | 9 | 12.6 | 4.9 |
| Dec | 31° / 25° | 166 | 20 | 12.7 | 3.6 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 8% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 12% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 79%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| Cloudier (%) | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 79 | 78 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 77 |
| 2 | 23 | 77 |
| 3 | 23 | 77 |
| 4 | 23 | 77 |
| 5 | 23 | 77 |
| 6 | 23 | 77 |
| 7 | 23 | 77 |
| 8 | 23 | 77 |
| 9 | 23 | 77 |
| 10 | 22 | 78 |
| 11 | 22 | 78 |
| 12 | 21 | 79 |
| 13 | 21 | 79 |
| 14 | 20 | 80 |
| 15 | 20 | 80 |
| 16 | 19 | 81 |
| 17 | 19 | 81 |
| 18 | 18 | 82 |
| 19 | 18 | 82 |
| 20 | 18 | 82 |
| 21 | 18 | 82 |
| 22 | 18 | 82 |
| 23 | 19 | 81 |
| 24 | 19 | 81 |
| 25 | 20 | 80 |
| 26 | 20 | 80 |
| 27 | 21 | 79 |
| 28 | 22 | 78 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Pemba gets around 213 mm of rain over 23.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 83% and peaks near 85% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 79 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 83 | 82 | 82 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 79 |
| 2 | 80 |
| 3 | 80 |
| 4 | 80 |
| 5 | 80 |
| 6 | 81 |
| 7 | 81 |
| 8 | 81 |
| 9 | 82 |
| 10 | 82 |
| 11 | 83 |
| 12 | 83 |
| 13 | 84 |
| 14 | 85 |
| 15 | 85 |
| 16 | 85 |
| 17 | 85 |
| 18 | 85 |
| 19 | 85 |
| 20 | 85 |
| 21 | 85 |
| 22 | 84 |
| 23 | 84 |
| 24 | 84 |
| 25 | 83 |
| 26 | 83 |
| 27 | 82 |
| 28 | 82 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels miserable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the miserable band about 77% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oppressive (%) | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 |
| Miserable (%) | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 75 |
| Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 | 77 |
| 2 | 24 | 76 |
| 3 | 24 | 76 |
| 4 | 24 | 76 |
| 5 | 24 | 76 |
| 6 | 24 | 76 |
| 7 | 24 | 76 |
| 8 | 24 | 76 |
| 9 | 24 | 76 |
| 10 | 24 | 76 |
| 11 | 23 | 77 |
| 12 | 23 | 77 |
| 13 | 23 | 77 |
| 14 | 22 | 78 |
| 15 | 22 | 78 |
| 16 | 22 | 78 |
| 17 | 22 | 78 |
| 18 | 22 | 78 |
| 19 | 22 | 78 |
| 20 | 23 | 77 |
| 21 | 23 | 77 |
| 22 | 23 | 77 |
| 23 | 23 | 77 |
| 24 | 23 | 77 |
| 25 | 24 | 76 |
| 26 | 24 | 76 |
| 27 | 24 | 76 |
| 28 | 25 | 75 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 8 km/h on the calmest days to 9 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 8 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 36 min at the start of February to 12 h 18 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 18 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 5:14 AM to 5:23 AM, and sunset from 5:48 PM to 5:40 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 12.3 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:14 | 5:15 | 5:15 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:16 | 5:17 | 5:17 | 5:18 | 5:18 | 5:18 | 5:19 | 5:19 | 5:19 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:20 | 5:21 | 5:21 | 5:21 | 5:21 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:22 | 5:23 | 5:23 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:48 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:47 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:45 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:44 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:42 | 5:42 | 5:41 | 5:41 | 5:40 | 5:40 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.6 | 5:14 | 5:48 |
| 2 | 12.6 | 5:15 | 5:48 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 5:15 | 5:48 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:16 | 5:48 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:16 | 5:48 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:16 | 5:48 |
| 7 | 12.5 | 5:17 | 5:48 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 5:17 | 5:47 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:18 | 5:47 |
| 10 | 12.5 | 5:18 | 5:47 |
| 11 | 12.5 | 5:18 | 5:47 |
| 12 | 12.5 | 5:19 | 5:46 |
| 13 | 12.5 | 5:19 | 5:46 |
| 14 | 12.4 | 5:19 | 5:46 |
| 15 | 12.4 | 5:20 | 5:45 |
| 16 | 12.4 | 5:20 | 5:45 |
| 17 | 12.4 | 5:20 | 5:45 |
| 18 | 12.4 | 5:21 | 5:44 |
| 19 | 12.4 | 5:21 | 5:44 |
| 20 | 12.4 | 5:21 | 5:44 |
| 21 | 12.4 | 5:21 | 5:43 |
| 22 | 12.4 | 5:22 | 5:43 |
| 23 | 12.3 | 5:22 | 5:42 |
| 24 | 12.3 | 5:22 | 5:42 |
| 25 | 12.3 | 5:22 | 5:41 |
| 26 | 12.3 | 5:22 | 5:41 |
| 27 | 12.3 | 5:23 | 5:40 |
| 28 | 12.3 | 5:23 | 5:40 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.67 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.91 kWh/m² in November across the year — February's 5.67 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Pemba
In February, Pemba sits inside its cyclone and monsoon season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Pemba sits in the South Indian Ocean cyclone belt; the season peaks January–March.
Pemba's monsoon runs December–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Pemba?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Pemba.
What to pack for Pemba in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Pemba sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 25°C. Pack light clothes and rain gear. Worth having: sun protection. About 23 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Pemba in February
The nearest coast averages about 29°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 16 km away) is warmest in March at about 29°C and coldest in August near 26°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| Comfort | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Tropical |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 29 | Tropical |
| Feb | 29 | Tropical |
| Mar | 29 | Tropical |
| Apr | 29 | Tropical |
| May | 28 | Tropical |
| Jun | 27 | Warm |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 26 | Warm |
| Sep | 26 | Warm |
| Oct | 27 | Warm |
| Nov | 28 | Warm |
| Dec | 29 | Tropical |
UV index in Pemba in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Pemba peaks around February 11 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 9 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 15 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 12 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Extreme |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 13 | Extreme |
| Nov | 12 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Pemba?
Pemba sits at 13.0°S, 40.5°E, 50 m above sea level, in Mozambique. The nearest listed city is Macomia, 92 km away.
Topography around Pemba
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Pemba.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Pemba has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 105 m around an average of 24 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 142 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 672 m.
The land around Pemba is covered by water (41%) and artificial surfaces (37%) within 3 km, water (55%) and grassland (24%) within 16 km, and water (36%) and trees (32%) within 80 km.
Mozambique travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / F / M
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 37% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $627
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.3 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 28%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 3.6
- per 100k, 2011
- Road deaths
- 30
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
- English
- Low
- EF EPI 465
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Pemba (-12.974°, 40.5177°, elevation 50 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Tropical-cyclone seasons are the published climatological basin seasons (NOAA National Hurricane Center / regional warning centres). Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).