Tsumeb weather in February
In February, Tsumeb sees average daytime highs of 30°C and overnight lows near 19°C, with 110 mm of rain across 14.2 wet days and about 12.7 hours of daylight. It is the 6th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in February, and the air most often feels humid.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Tsumeb's 11th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Tsumeb's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 30°
- 6th warmest
- Overnight low
- 19°
- 8th coldest
- Rainfall
- 110 mm
- 14.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 42 min
- 6:44 AM – 7:23 PM
- Cloud cover
- 64%
- 11th clearest
- Wind
- 9 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.2 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.3
- out of 10
Tsumeb is city in Namibia.
- Density
- 1,269/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1905
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 30°C through the month.
A typical February day in Tsumeb reaches about 30°C in the afternoon and slips back to 19°C overnight — a 11°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 25°C and 35°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Avg low (°C) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 20 |
| 2 | 30 | 20 |
| 3 | 30 | 20 |
| 4 | 30 | 20 |
| 5 | 30 | 20 |
| 6 | 30 | 20 |
| 7 | 30 | 20 |
| 8 | 30 | 20 |
| 9 | 30 | 20 |
| 10 | 30 | 20 |
| 11 | 30 | 19 |
| 12 | 30 | 19 |
| 13 | 30 | 19 |
| 14 | 30 | 19 |
| 15 | 30 | 19 |
| 16 | 30 | 19 |
| 17 | 30 | 19 |
| 18 | 30 | 19 |
| 19 | 30 | 19 |
| 20 | 30 | 19 |
| 21 | 30 | 19 |
| 22 | 30 | 19 |
| 23 | 30 | 19 |
| 24 | 30 | 19 |
| 25 | 30 | 19 |
| 26 | 30 | 19 |
| 27 | 30 | 19 |
| 28 | 30 | 19 |
How February really feels in Tsumeb
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Tsumeb weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 6th-warmest and 2nd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 31° / 20° | 132 | 15.9 | 13 | 3.9 |
| Feb | 30° / 19° | 110 | 14.2 | 12.7 | 4.3 |
| Mar | 30° / 19° | 76 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 4.9 |
| Apr | 29° / 17° | 21 | 4.5 | 11.6 | 6.5 |
| May | 27° / 14° | 0 | 0 | 11.1 | 8.6 |
| Jun | 25° / 10° | 0 | 0 | 10.9 | 9.7 |
| Jul | 25° / 10° | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9.6 |
| Aug | 28° / 13° | 0 | 0 | 11.3 | 8.1 |
| Sep | 32° / 17° | 3 | 0.8 | 11.9 | 5.2 |
| Oct | 34° / 20° | 14 | 3.4 | 12.4 | 3.7 |
| Nov | 33° / 20° | 46 | 9.8 | 12.9 | 3.6 |
| Dec | 32° / 20° | 88 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 3.5 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 21% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 54%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 |
| Cloudier (%) | 58 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 54 | 54 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 42 | 58 |
| 2 | 43 | 57 |
| 3 | 44 | 56 |
| 4 | 45 | 55 |
| 5 | 45 | 55 |
| 6 | 45 | 55 |
| 7 | 45 | 55 |
| 8 | 46 | 54 |
| 9 | 46 | 54 |
| 10 | 46 | 54 |
| 11 | 46 | 54 |
| 12 | 47 | 53 |
| 13 | 47 | 53 |
| 14 | 47 | 53 |
| 15 | 46 | 54 |
| 16 | 46 | 54 |
| 17 | 46 | 54 |
| 18 | 45 | 55 |
| 19 | 46 | 54 |
| 20 | 46 | 54 |
| 21 | 47 | 53 |
| 22 | 46 | 54 |
| 23 | 47 | 53 |
| 24 | 48 | 52 |
| 25 | 49 | 51 |
| 26 | 49 | 51 |
| 27 | 50 | 50 |
| 28 | 50 | 50 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Tsumeb gets around 110 mm of rain over 14.2 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 51% and peaks near 53% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 53 |
| 2 | 53 |
| 3 | 53 |
| 4 | 52 |
| 5 | 52 |
| 6 | 52 |
| 7 | 53 |
| 8 | 53 |
| 9 | 53 |
| 10 | 53 |
| 11 | 52 |
| 12 | 52 |
| 13 | 52 |
| 14 | 52 |
| 15 | 52 |
| 16 | 51 |
| 17 | 51 |
| 18 | 51 |
| 19 | 51 |
| 20 | 50 |
| 21 | 49 |
| 22 | 49 |
| 23 | 48 |
| 24 | 48 |
| 25 | 47 |
| 26 | 47 |
| 27 | 47 |
| 28 | 46 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels humid — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the humid band about 45% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 11% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Comfortable (%) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 |
| Humid (%) | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 |
| Muggy (%) | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | Muggy (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 24 | 42 | 12 |
| 2 | 22 | 24 | 42 | 12 |
| 3 | 22 | 24 | 42 | 13 |
| 4 | 22 | 24 | 42 | 13 |
| 5 | 22 | 23 | 42 | 13 |
| 6 | 22 | 23 | 42 | 13 |
| 7 | 22 | 22 | 43 | 13 |
| 8 | 22 | 22 | 43 | 13 |
| 9 | 22 | 21 | 44 | 13 |
| 10 | 22 | 21 | 44 | 13 |
| 11 | 23 | 20 | 44 | 13 |
| 12 | 23 | 20 | 45 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | 20 | 45 | 12 |
| 14 | 23 | 20 | 45 | 12 |
| 15 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 12 |
| 16 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 11 |
| 17 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 11 |
| 18 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 11 |
| 19 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 11 |
| 20 | 23 | 20 | 46 | 11 |
| 21 | 24 | 20 | 46 | 10 |
| 22 | 24 | 20 | 46 | 10 |
| 23 | 24 | 20 | 46 | 10 |
| 24 | 24 | 20 | 46 | 10 |
| 25 | 24 | 21 | 46 | 9 |
| 26 | 25 | 21 | 46 | 9 |
| 27 | 25 | 21 | 45 | 9 |
| 28 | 25 | 22 | 45 | 9 |
Wind in February
Winds average 9 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 9 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | calm |
| 2 | 9 | calm |
| 3 | 9 | calm |
| 4 | 9 | calm |
| 5 | 9 | calm |
| 6 | 9 | calm |
| 7 | 9 | calm |
| 8 | 9 | calm |
| 9 | 9 | calm |
| 10 | 9 | calm |
| 11 | 9 | calm |
| 12 | 9 | calm |
| 13 | 9 | calm |
| 14 | 9 | calm |
| 15 | 9 | calm |
| 16 | 9 | calm |
| 17 | 9 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 30 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:37 AM to 6:50 AM, and sunset from 7:28 PM to 7:15 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:37 | 6:37 | 6:38 | 6:39 | 6:39 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:41 | 6:41 | 6:42 | 6:42 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:44 | 6:44 | 6:45 | 6:45 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:50 |
| Sunset (PM) | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:28 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:27 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:25 | 7:24 | 7:24 | 7:23 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:21 | 7:20 | 7:19 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:17 | 7:17 | 7:16 | 7:15 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 6:37 | 7:28 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 6:37 | 7:28 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 6:38 | 7:28 |
| 4 | 12.8 | 6:39 | 7:28 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 6:39 | 7:27 |
| 6 | 12.8 | 6:40 | 7:27 |
| 7 | 12.8 | 6:40 | 7:27 |
| 8 | 12.8 | 6:41 | 7:26 |
| 9 | 12.7 | 6:41 | 7:26 |
| 10 | 12.7 | 6:42 | 7:26 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 6:42 | 7:25 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 6:43 | 7:25 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 6:43 | 7:24 |
| 14 | 12.7 | 6:44 | 7:24 |
| 15 | 12.7 | 6:44 | 7:23 |
| 16 | 12.6 | 6:45 | 7:23 |
| 17 | 12.6 | 6:45 | 7:22 |
| 18 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:22 |
| 19 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:21 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 6:46 | 7:21 |
| 21 | 12.6 | 6:47 | 7:20 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 6:47 | 7:19 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 6:48 | 7:19 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 6:48 | 7:18 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 6:49 | 7:17 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 6:49 | 7:17 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 6:49 | 7:16 |
| 28 | 12.4 | 6:50 | 7:15 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6.2 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.93 kWh/m² to a high of 7.23 kWh/m² in October across the year — February's 6.2 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.0 | Intense |
Is February a good time to visit Tsumeb?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Tsumeb for sightseeing.
What to pack for Tsumeb in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Tsumeb sees daytime highs around 30°C and nights near 19°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. About 14 days see rain.
UV index in Tsumeb in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 14 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Tsumeb peaks around January 16 at about 15 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 10 at about 7 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 14 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 7 | Very high |
| Aug | 9 | Very high |
| Sep | 9 | Very high |
| Oct | 12 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Tsumeb?
Tsumeb sits at 19.2°S, 17.7°E, 1,309 m above sea level, in Namibia. The nearest listed city is Grootfontein, 54 km away.
Topography around Tsumeb
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Tsumeb.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Tsumeb has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 147 m around an average of 1,318 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 568 m; within 80 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,011 m.
The land around Tsumeb is covered by shrubs (56%) within 3 km, shrubs (82%) within 16 km, and shrubs (92%) within 80 km.
Namibia travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type D / M
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 41% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $4,876
- 2025
- Happiness
- 4.8 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Homicide rate
- 11.2
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 34.8
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Tsumeb (-19.2484°, 17.7135°, elevation 1,309 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).