Madhyapur Thimi weather in February
In February, Madhyapur Thimi sees average daytime highs of 17°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 50 mm of precipitation across 7.9 wet days and about 11 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 15°C in the first days to 18°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 10 h 42 min at the start of February to 11 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Madhyapur Thimi's 4th-clearest and 3rd-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Madhyapur Thimi's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 17°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 50 mm
- 7.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 hours
- 6:47 AM – 5:49 PM
- Cloud cover
- 44%
- 4th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 3rd windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.51 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 5.7
- out of 10
Madhyapur Thimi is human settlement.
- Density
- 10,458/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 15°C in the first days to 18°C by the end.
A typical February day in Madhyapur Thimi reaches about 17°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 12°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 13°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 3°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | 4 |
| 2 | 15 | 4 |
| 3 | 16 | 4 |
| 4 | 16 | 4 |
| 5 | 16 | 4 |
| 6 | 16 | 4 |
| 7 | 16 | 4 |
| 8 | 16 | 4 |
| 9 | 16 | 4 |
| 10 | 16 | 4 |
| 11 | 16 | 4 |
| 12 | 16 | 4 |
| 13 | 17 | 5 |
| 14 | 17 | 5 |
| 15 | 17 | 5 |
| 16 | 17 | 5 |
| 17 | 17 | 5 |
| 18 | 17 | 5 |
| 19 | 17 | 5 |
| 20 | 17 | 5 |
| 21 | 17 | 5 |
| 22 | 17 | 5 |
| 23 | 17 | 5 |
| 24 | 18 | 5 |
| 25 | 18 | 5 |
| 26 | 18 | 5 |
| 27 | 18 | 6 |
| 28 | 18 | 6 |
Madhyapur Thimi weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 14° / 3° | 43 | 5.4 | 1 | 10.4 | 5.0 |
| Feb | 17° / 5° | 50 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 11 | 5.7 |
| Mar | 20° / 7° | 60 | 11.4 | 0.1 | 11.8 | 6.4 |
| Apr | 23° / 11° | 86 | 14.4 | 0 | 12.6 | 6.3 |
| May | 24° / 14° | 186 | 22.7 | 0 | 13.4 | 5.1 |
| Jun | 25° / 18° | 402 | 27.4 | 0 | 13.7 | 4.0 |
| Jul | 25° / 19° | 718 | 30.9 | 0 | 13.6 | 3.4 |
| Aug | 25° / 19° | 571 | 30.8 | 0 | 13 | 3.4 |
| Sep | 24° / 17° | 304 | 27.9 | 0 | 12.2 | 4.0 |
| Oct | 22° / 13° | 79 | 13.8 | 0 | 11.3 | 6.3 |
| Nov | 19° / 8° | 18 | 4.6 | 0 | 10.6 | 7.1 |
| Dec | 16° / 5° | 20 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 10.3 | 6.1 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 48% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 23% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 29%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 71 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
| Cloudier (%) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 72 | 28 |
| 2 | 72 | 28 |
| 3 | 72 | 28 |
| 4 | 72 | 28 |
| 5 | 71 | 29 |
| 6 | 71 | 29 |
| 7 | 71 | 29 |
| 8 | 71 | 29 |
| 9 | 71 | 29 |
| 10 | 72 | 28 |
| 11 | 72 | 28 |
| 12 | 72 | 28 |
| 13 | 71 | 29 |
| 14 | 71 | 29 |
| 15 | 71 | 29 |
| 16 | 71 | 29 |
| 17 | 72 | 28 |
| 18 | 71 | 29 |
| 19 | 71 | 29 |
| 20 | 70 | 30 |
| 21 | 70 | 30 |
| 22 | 70 | 30 |
| 23 | 70 | 30 |
| 24 | 70 | 30 |
| 25 | 71 | 29 |
| 26 | 71 | 29 |
| 27 | 71 | 29 |
| 28 | 71 | 29 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Madhyapur Thimi gets around 50 mm of rain and snow over 7.9 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 28% and peaks near 32% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 22 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| Snow chance (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 4 |
| 2 | 23 | 4 |
| 3 | 23 | 4 |
| 4 | 24 | 4 |
| 5 | 24 | 4 |
| 6 | 24 | 4 |
| 7 | 25 | 4 |
| 8 | 25 | 4 |
| 9 | 25 | 4 |
| 10 | 26 | 4 |
| 11 | 26 | 4 |
| 12 | 26 | 3 |
| 13 | 27 | 3 |
| 14 | 27 | 3 |
| 15 | 28 | 3 |
| 16 | 28 | 3 |
| 17 | 29 | 3 |
| 18 | 29 | 3 |
| 19 | 30 | 3 |
| 20 | 31 | 2 |
| 21 | 31 | 2 |
| 22 | 32 | 2 |
| 23 | 32 | 2 |
| 24 | 32 | 2 |
| 25 | 32 | 2 |
| 26 | 32 | 2 |
| 27 | 32 | 1 |
| 28 | 32 | 1 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 4 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 10 h 42 min at the start of February to 11 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 42 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:56 AM to 6:36 AM, and sunset from 5:38 PM to 5:58 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:39 | 6:38 | 6:37 | 6:36 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:38 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:42 | 5:43 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:46 | 5:46 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:49 | 5:50 | 5:51 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.7 | 6:56 | 5:38 |
| 2 | 10.7 | 6:55 | 5:39 |
| 3 | 10.7 | 6:55 | 5:40 |
| 4 | 10.8 | 6:54 | 5:40 |
| 5 | 10.8 | 6:54 | 5:41 |
| 6 | 10.8 | 6:53 | 5:42 |
| 7 | 10.8 | 6:53 | 5:43 |
| 8 | 10.9 | 6:52 | 5:43 |
| 9 | 10.9 | 6:52 | 5:44 |
| 10 | 10.9 | 6:51 | 5:45 |
| 11 | 10.9 | 6:50 | 5:46 |
| 12 | 10.9 | 6:50 | 5:46 |
| 13 | 11.0 | 6:49 | 5:47 |
| 14 | 11.0 | 6:48 | 5:48 |
| 15 | 11.0 | 6:47 | 5:49 |
| 16 | 11.0 | 6:47 | 5:49 |
| 17 | 11.1 | 6:46 | 5:50 |
| 18 | 11.1 | 6:45 | 5:51 |
| 19 | 11.1 | 6:44 | 5:51 |
| 20 | 11.1 | 6:43 | 5:52 |
| 21 | 11.2 | 6:43 | 5:53 |
| 22 | 11.2 | 6:42 | 5:54 |
| 23 | 11.2 | 6:41 | 5:54 |
| 24 | 11.2 | 6:40 | 5:55 |
| 25 | 11.3 | 6:39 | 5:56 |
| 26 | 11.3 | 6:38 | 5:56 |
| 27 | 11.3 | 6:37 | 5:57 |
| 28 | 11.4 | 6:36 | 5:58 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 4.51 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.55 kWh/m² to a high of 6.22 kWh/m² in April across the year — February's 4.51 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.2 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.3 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.4 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.5 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.6 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.7 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.0 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.0 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Madhyapur Thimi
None of Madhyapur Thimi's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Madhyapur Thimi's monsoon runs June–August, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Madhyapur Thimi?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Madhyapur Thimi for sightseeing.
What to pack for Madhyapur Thimi in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Madhyapur Thimi sees daytime highs around 17°C and nights near 5°C. Worth packing: a warm layer and sun protection. About 8 days see rain.
UV index in Madhyapur Thimi in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 5 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Madhyapur Thimi peaks around July 20 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 19 at about 4 (moderate).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 4 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Moderate | Moderate |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 4 | Moderate |
| Feb | 5 | Moderate |
| Mar | 9 | Very high |
| Apr | 9 | Very high |
| May | 9 | Very high |
| Jun | 9 | Very high |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 10 | Very high |
| Oct | 8 | Very high |
| Nov | 5 | Moderate |
| Dec | 4 | Moderate |
Air quality in Madhyapur Thimi in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Madhyapur Thimi is worst in January — around 144 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 5.6× the cleanest month (July, 26 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 144 | 127 | 99 | 84 | 63 | 46 | 26 | 35 | 48 | 77 | 111 | 142 |
| Level | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 144 | Unhealthy |
| Feb | 127 | Unhealthy |
| Mar | 99 | Unhealthy |
| Apr | 84 | Unhealthy |
| May | 63 | Unhealthy |
| Jun | 46 | Poor |
| Jul | 26 | Moderate |
| Aug | 35 | Moderate |
| Sep | 48 | Poor |
| Oct | 77 | Unhealthy |
| Nov | 111 | Unhealthy |
| Dec | 142 | Unhealthy |
Where is Madhyapur Thimi?
Madhyapur Thimi sits at 27.7°N, 85.4°E, 1,341 m above sea level, in Nepal. The nearest listed city is Bhaktapur, 4.0 km away.
Topography around Madhyapur Thimi
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Madhyapur Thimi.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Madhyapur Thimi has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 127 m around an average of 1,320 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,665 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 7,101 m.
The land around Madhyapur Thimi is covered by artificial surfaces (47%) and cropland (36%) within 3 km, trees (49%) and cropland (22%) within 16 km, and trees (69%) within 80 km.
Nepal travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type C / D / M
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 24% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $1,536
- 2025
- Happiness
- 5.1 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 16%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 2.1
- per 100k, 2020
- Road deaths
- 16.3
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 514
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Madhyapur Thimi (27.6806°, 85.3875°, elevation 1,341 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).