Gisborne weather in December

In December, Gisborne sees average daytime highs of 21°C and overnight lows near 14°C, with 63 mm of rain across 9.7 wet days and about 14.7 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month of the year here.

Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in December, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 14 h 30 min at the start of December to 14 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, December is Gisborne's 12th-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Gisborne's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 21°; 3rd warmest
Overnight low: 14°; 9th coldest
Rainfall: 63 mm; 9.7 wet days
Daylight: 14 h 42 min; 5:43 AM – 8:25 PM
Cloud cover: 62%; 12th clearest
Wind: 16 km/h; 6th windiest
Solar energy: 6.78 kWh/m²
Travel score: 6.5; out of 10

Gisborne is city in New Zealand.

Density: 992/km²; people per km²

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← November Gisborne year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in December

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Highs climb over the month, from about 20°C in the first days to 22°C by the end.

A typical December day in Gisborne reaches about 21°C in the afternoon and slips back to 14°C overnight — a 7°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, December runs about 2°C warmer than November and about 2°C cooler than January.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	22	22	22	22
Avg low (°C)	13	13	13	13	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15	15

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	13
2	20	13
3	20	13
4	20	13
5	20	14
6	20	14
7	20	14
8	20	14
9	21	14
10	21	14
11	21	14
12	21	14
13	21	14
14	21	14
15	21	14
16	21	14
17	21	14
18	21	14
19	21	14
20	21	14
21	21	15
22	21	15
23	21	15
24	21	15
25	21	15
26	21	15
27	21	15
28	22	15
29	22	15
30	22	15
31	22	15

Gisborne weather by month

How December compares with the rest of the year at a glance. December is the 3rd-warmest and 9th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	22° / 16°	63	7.5	14.4	7.1
Feb	22° / 16°	57	7.6	13.5	6.9
Mar	21° / 14°	72	8.4	12.3	6.7
Apr	19° / 12°	75	9.3	11	6.1
May	16° / 10°	74	9.7	9.9	5.3
Jun	14° / 8°	88	10.7	9.4	4.1
Jul	13° / 8°	98	12.1	9.6	3.5
Aug	14° / 7°	82	12.1	10.5	3.8
Sep	15° / 9°	70	10.5	11.7	4.6
Oct	17° / 10°	66	9.7	13	5.6
Nov	19° / 12°	57	9.1	14.1	6.2
Dec	21° / 14°	63	9.7	14.7	6.5

Cloud cover in December

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 26% of the time in December, the cloudiest month of the year.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 20% of December, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 54%. Skies tend to open up as the month goes on.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	46	46	46	46	46	46	45	46	46	46	46	46	46	46	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	46	45	46	47	48	49	49	50	51
Cloudier (%)	54	54	54	54	54	54	55	54	54	54	54	54	54	54	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	54	55	54	53	52	51	51	50	49

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	46	54
3	46	54
4	46	54
5	46	54
6	46	54
7	45	55
8	46	54
9	46	54
10	46	54
11	46	54
12	46	54
13	46	54
14	46	54
15	45	55
16	45	55
17	45	55
18	45	55
19	45	55
20	45	55
21	45	55
22	45	55
23	46	54
24	45	55
25	46	54
26	47	53
27	48	52
28	49	51
29	49	51
30	50	50
31	51	49

Chance of precipitation in December

Any precipitation

Gisborne gets around 63 mm of rain over 9.7 wet days in December. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 31% and peaks near 33% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	32	32	32	32	33	33	33	33	33	32	32	32	31	31	30	30	29	28	28	27	26

	Rain chance (%)
1	31
2	31
3	31
4	31
5	31
6	31
7	31
8	31
9	31
10	31
11	32
12	32
13	32
14	32
15	33
16	33
17	33
18	33
19	33
20	32
21	32
22	32
23	31
24	31
25	30
26	30
27	29
28	28
29	28
30	27
31	26

Humidity in December

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of December feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, December lands in the dry band about 57% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	66	65	64	63	61	60	59	58	57	57	57	56	56	56	56	55	55	56	56	56	55	56	56	56	56	56	56	56	55	55	54
Comfortable (%)	30	31	31	32	33	34	34	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	34	34	34	34	33	32	32	31	31	30	30	30	30	30
Humid (%)	4	4	5	5	6	6	7	7	8	8	8	9	9	9	9	10	10	10	10	10	11	11	12	12	13	13	14	14	15	15	16

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	66	30	4
2	65	31	4
3	64	31	5
4	63	32	5
5	61	33	6
6	60	34	6
7	59	34	7
8	58	35	7
9	57	35	8
10	57	35	8
11	57	35	8
12	56	35	9
13	56	35	9
14	56	35	9
15	56	35	9
16	55	35	10
17	55	35	10
18	56	34	10
19	56	34	10
20	56	34	10
21	55	34	11
22	56	33	11
23	56	32	12
24	56	32	12
25	56	31	13
26	56	31	13
27	56	30	14
28	56	30	14
29	55	30	15
30	55	30	15
31	54	30	16

Wind in December

Winds average 16 km/h in December.

Across December, daily wind ranges from about 16 km/h on the calmest days to 16 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16	16
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	16	light breeze
2	16	light breeze
3	16	light breeze
4	16	light breeze
5	16	light breeze
6	16	light breeze
7	16	light breeze
8	16	light breeze
9	16	light breeze
10	16	light breeze
11	16	light breeze
12	16	light breeze
13	16	light breeze
14	16	light breeze
15	16	light breeze
16	16	light breeze
17	16	light breeze
18	16	light breeze
19	16	light breeze
20	16	light breeze
21	16	light breeze
22	16	light breeze
23	16	light breeze
24	16	light breeze
25	16	light breeze
26	16	light breeze
27	16	light breeze
28	16	light breeze
29	16	light breeze
30	16	light breeze
31	16	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in December

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 14 h 30 min at the start of December to 14 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days grow by about 12 minutes over December. Sunrise moves from 5:43 AM to 5:51 AM, and sunset from 8:13 PM to 8:31 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	14.5	14.5	14.5	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.6	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7	14.7
Sunrise (AM)	5:43	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:42	5:43	5:43	5:43	5:43	5:43	5:44	5:44	5:45	5:45	5:45	5:46	5:46	5:47	5:47	5:48	5:48	5:49	5:50	5:50	5:51
Sunset (PM)	8:13	8:14	8:15	8:16	8:16	8:17	8:18	8:19	8:20	8:21	8:21	8:22	8:23	8:23	8:24	8:25	8:25	8:26	8:27	8:27	8:28	8:28	8:29	8:29	8:29	8:30	8:30	8:30	8:31	8:31	8:31

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	14.5	5:43	8:13
2	14.5	5:42	8:14
3	14.5	5:42	8:15
4	14.6	5:42	8:16
5	14.6	5:42	8:16
6	14.6	5:42	8:17
7	14.6	5:42	8:18
8	14.6	5:42	8:19
9	14.6	5:42	8:20
10	14.6	5:42	8:21
11	14.6	5:42	8:21
12	14.7	5:43	8:22
13	14.7	5:43	8:23
14	14.7	5:43	8:23
15	14.7	5:43	8:24
16	14.7	5:43	8:25
17	14.7	5:44	8:25
18	14.7	5:44	8:26
19	14.7	5:45	8:27
20	14.7	5:45	8:27
21	14.7	5:45	8:28
22	14.7	5:46	8:28
23	14.7	5:46	8:29
24	14.7	5:47	8:29
25	14.7	5:47	8:29
26	14.7	5:48	8:30
27	14.7	5:48	8:30
28	14.7	5:49	8:30
29	14.7	5:50	8:31
30	14.7	5:50	8:31
31	14.7	5:51	8:31

Solar energy in December

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in December, about 6.78 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.87 kWh/m² to a high of 7.07 kWh/m² in January across the year — December's 6.78 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.9	6.9	6.9	7.0	7.0	7.1	7.1	7.2	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.5
Level	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense	Intense

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	6.6	Intense
2	6.6	Intense
3	6.6	Intense
4	6.7	Intense
5	6.7	Intense
6	6.7	Intense
7	6.7	Intense
8	6.7	Intense
9	6.7	Intense
10	6.8	Intense
11	6.8	Intense
12	6.8	Intense
13	6.8	Intense
14	6.8	Intense
15	6.8	Intense
16	6.8	Intense
17	6.9	Intense
18	6.9	Intense
19	6.9	Intense
20	6.9	Intense
21	7.0	Intense
22	7.0	Intense
23	7.1	Intense
24	7.1	Intense
25	7.2	Intense
26	7.2	Intense
27	7.3	Intense
28	7.3	Intense
29	7.4	Intense
30	7.4	Intense
31	7.5	Intense

Planning a trip in December

Is December a good time to visit Gisborne?

Our two travel scores rate December for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

6.5

Sightseeing

4th-best month of the year

3.9

Beach & pool

4th-best month of the year

December is a reasonable time to visit Gisborne for sightseeing.

What to pack for Gisborne in December

From December's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In December, Gisborne sees daytime highs around 21°C and nights near 14°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.

sun protectionrain gear

Sea temperature near Gisborne in December

The nearest coast averages about 17°C in December — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea offshore is warmest in February at about 20°C and coldest in August near 14°C.

The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	19	20	19	18	17	15	14	14	14	15	16	17
Comfort	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Cool	Cool

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	19	Cool
Feb	20	Cool
Mar	19	Cool
Apr	18	Cool
May	17	Cool
Jun	15	Cool
Jul	14	Bracing
Aug	14	Bracing
Sep	14	Bracing
Oct	15	Bracing
Nov	16	Cool
Dec	17	Cool

UV index in Gisborne in December

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in December peaks around 12 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Gisborne peaks around December 23 at about 12 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 2 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 9 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	12	11	7	5	3	2	2	3	5	7	10	12
Level	Extreme	Extreme	Very high	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	Extreme	Extreme

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	12	Extreme
Feb	11	Extreme
Mar	7	Very high
Apr	5	Moderate
May	3	Moderate
Jun	2	Low
Jul	2	Moderate
Aug	3	Moderate
Sep	5	Moderate
Oct	7	High
Nov	10	Extreme
Dec	12	Extreme

Location & terrain

Where is Gisborne?

Gisborne sits at 38.7°S, 178.0°E, 10 m above sea level, in New Zealand. The nearest listed city is Whakatane, 118 km away.

Topography around Gisborne

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Gisborne.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Gisborne has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 230 m around an average of 17 m above sea level; within 16 km, significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 474 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,632 m.

The land around Gisborne is covered by grassland (42%), artificial surfaces (22%) and trees (21%) within 3 km, grassland (37%), water (31%) and trees (22%) within 16 km, and water (37%), trees (35%) and grassland (27%) within 80 km.

3 km

230 m

grassland 42%

16 km

474 m

grassland 37%

80 km

1,632 m

water 37%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfacesbare terrainwaterwetland

← November Gisborne year-round climate January →Best places to visit in December

December weather nearby: Whakatane 118 km · Napier 133 km · Hastings 148 km · Rotorua 164 km · Taupo 167 km · Tauranga 193 km · Cambridge 240 km · Hamilton East 256 km

New Zealand travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 1; Exercise Normal Precautions
Power plugs: Type I; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 86% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $49,591; 2025
Happiness: 7.0 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 100%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.5; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 9.6; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Gisborne (-38.6533°, 178.0042°, elevation 10 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	13
2	20	13
3	20	13
4	20	13
5	20	14
6	20	14
7	20	14
8	20	14
9	21	14
10	21	14
11	21	14
12	21	14
13	21	14
14	21	14
15	21	14
16	21	14
17	21	14
18	21	14
19	21	14
20	21	14
21	21	15
22	21	15
23	21	15
24	21	15
25	21	15
26	21	15
27	21	15
28	22	15
29	22	15
30	22	15
31	22	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	46	54
3	46	54
4	46	54
5	46	54
6	46	54
7	45	55
8	46	54
9	46	54
10	46	54
11	46	54
12	46	54
13	46	54
14	46	54
15	45	55
16	45	55
17	45	55
18	45	55
19	45	55
20	45	55
21	45	55
22	45	55
23	46	54
24	45	55
25	46	54
26	47	53
27	48	52
28	49	51
29	49	51
30	50	50
31	51	49

	Rain chance (%)
1	31
2	31
3	31
4	31
5	31
6	31
7	31
8	31
9	31
10	31
11	32
12	32
13	32
14	32
15	33
16	33
17	33
18	33
19	33
20	32
21	32
22	32
23	31
24	31
25	30
26	30
27	29
28	28
29	28
30	27
31	26

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	66	30	4
2	65	31	4
3	64	31	5
4	63	32	5
5	61	33	6
6	60	34	6
7	59	34	7
8	58	35	7
9	57	35	8
10	57	35	8
11	57	35	8
12	56	35	9
13	56	35	9
14	56	35	9
15	56	35	9
16	55	35	10
17	55	35	10
18	56	34	10
19	56	34	10
20	56	34	10
21	55	34	11
22	56	33	11
23	56	32	12
24	56	32	12
25	56	31	13
26	56	31	13
27	56	30	14
28	56	30	14
29	55	30	15
30	55	30	15
31	54	30	16

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	13
2	20	13
3	20	13
4	20	13
5	20	14
6	20	14
7	20	14
8	20	14
9	21	14
10	21	14
11	21	14
12	21	14
13	21	14
14	21	14
15	21	14
16	21	14
17	21	14
18	21	14
19	21	14
20	21	14
21	21	15
22	21	15
23	21	15
24	21	15
25	21	15
26	21	15
27	21	15
28	22	15
29	22	15
30	22	15
31	22	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	46	54
3	46	54
4	46	54
5	46	54
6	46	54
7	45	55
8	46	54
9	46	54
10	46	54
11	46	54
12	46	54
13	46	54
14	46	54
15	45	55
16	45	55
17	45	55
18	45	55
19	45	55
20	45	55
21	45	55
22	45	55
23	46	54
24	45	55
25	46	54
26	47	53
27	48	52
28	49	51
29	49	51
30	50	50
31	51	49

	Rain chance (%)
1	31
2	31
3	31
4	31
5	31
6	31
7	31
8	31
9	31
10	31
11	32
12	32
13	32
14	32
15	33
16	33
17	33
18	33
19	33
20	32
21	32
22	32
23	31
24	31
25	30
26	30
27	29
28	28
29	28
30	27
31	26

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	66	30	4
2	65	31	4
3	64	31	5
4	63	32	5
5	61	33	6
6	60	34	6
7	59	34	7
8	58	35	7
9	57	35	8
10	57	35	8
11	57	35	8
12	56	35	9
13	56	35	9
14	56	35	9
15	56	35	9
16	55	35	10
17	55	35	10
18	56	34	10
19	56	34	10
20	56	34	10
21	55	34	11
22	56	33	11
23	56	32	12
24	56	32	12
25	56	31	13
26	56	31	13
27	56	30	14
28	56	30	14
29	55	30	15
30	55	30	15
31	54	30	16

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	20	13
2	20	13
3	20	13
4	20	13
5	20	14
6	20	14
7	20	14
8	20	14
9	21	14
10	21	14
11	21	14
12	21	14
13	21	14
14	21	14
15	21	14
16	21	14
17	21	14
18	21	14
19	21	14
20	21	14
21	21	15
22	21	15
23	21	15
24	21	15
25	21	15
26	21	15
27	21	15
28	22	15
29	22	15
30	22	15
31	22	15

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	46	54
3	46	54
4	46	54
5	46	54
6	46	54
7	45	55
8	46	54
9	46	54
10	46	54
11	46	54
12	46	54
13	46	54
14	46	54
15	45	55
16	45	55
17	45	55
18	45	55
19	45	55
20	45	55
21	45	55
22	45	55
23	46	54
24	45	55
25	46	54
26	47	53
27	48	52
28	49	51
29	49	51
30	50	50
31	51	49

	Rain chance (%)
1	31
2	31
3	31
4	31
5	31
6	31
7	31
8	31
9	31
10	31
11	32
12	32
13	32
14	32
15	33
16	33
17	33
18	33
19	33
20	32
21	32
22	32
23	31
24	31
25	30
26	30
27	29
28	28
29	28
30	27
31	26

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	66	30	4
2	65	31	4
3	64	31	5
4	63	32	5
5	61	33	6
6	60	34	6
7	59	34	7
8	58	35	7
9	57	35	8
10	57	35	8
11	57	35	8
12	56	35	9
13	56	35	9
14	56	35	9
15	56	35	9
16	55	35	10
17	55	35	10
18	56	34	10
19	56	34	10
20	56	34	10
21	55	34	11
22	56	33	11
23	56	32	12
24	56	32	12
25	56	31	13
26	56	31	13
27	56	30	14
28	56	30	14
29	55	30	15
30	55	30	15
31	54	30	16