Palmerston North weather in March

In March, Palmerston North sees average daytime highs of 20°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 62 mm of rain across 9.6 wet days and about 12.3 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 12th-wettest month of the year here.

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in March, and the air most often feels dry.

Daylight stretches from about 13 hours at the start of March to 11 h 36 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, March is Palmerston North's 1st-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Palmerston North's year-round climate.

Daytime high: 20°; 3rd warmest
Overnight low: 12°; 9th coldest
Rainfall: 62 mm; 9.6 wet days
Daylight: 12 h 18 min; 7:17 AM – 7:37 PM
Cloud cover: 60%; 1st clearest
Wind: 14 km/h; 11th windiest
Solar energy: 4.41 kWh/m²
Travel score: 6.4; out of 10

Palmerston North is city on the North Island in New Zealand.

Density: 278/km²; people per km²
Founded: 1877

Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.

← February Palmerston North year-round climate April →Best places to visit in March

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature in March

Average highAverage lowShaded bands: 10–90% of days

Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 20°C through the month.

A typical March day in Palmerston North reaches about 20°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 8°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 17°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, March runs about 2°C cooler than February and about 3°C warmer than April.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Avg high (°C)	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20	20
Avg low (°C)	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	13
2	21	13
3	21	13
4	21	13
5	21	13
6	21	13
7	21	13
8	21	12
9	21	12
10	21	12
11	21	12
12	21	12
13	21	12
14	21	12
15	20	12
16	20	12
17	20	12
18	20	12
19	20	12
20	20	12
21	20	12
22	20	12
23	20	12
24	20	12
25	20	12
26	20	12
27	20	12
28	20	12
29	20	12
30	20	12
31	20	12

Palmerston North weather by month

How March compares with the rest of the year at a glance. March is the 3rd-warmest and 12th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.

Month	High / Low (°C)	Rainfall (mm)	Wet days	Daylight (hours)	Travel score
Jan	21° / 14°	70	10.4	14.5	6.4
Feb	22° / 14°	64	8.2	13.6	6.8
Mar	20° / 12°	62	9.6	12.3	6.4
Apr	18° / 10°	82	10.5	11	5.7
May	15° / 8°	79	11.8	9.8	4.5
Jun	13° / 6°	90	13.3	9.2	3.4
Jul	12° / 6°	89	13.4	9.4	3.1
Aug	13° / 6°	89	13.9	10.4	3.3
Sep	14° / 7°	94	14.4	11.7	3.8
Oct	16° / 9°	110	15	13.1	4.3
Nov	18° / 10°	87	13.6	14.2	5.1
Dec	20° / 12°	98	13.5	14.8	5.6

Cloud cover in March

ClearMostly clearPartly cloudyMostly cloudyOvercast

The sky is clear or mostly clear about 27% of the time in March, the clearest month of the year.

Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of March, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 55%.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Clearer (%)	46	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	45	44	44	45	46	45	46	46	46	47	46	46	47	47	46	46	46	45	45
Cloudier (%)	54	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	55	56	56	55	54	55	54	54	54	53	54	54	53	53	54	54	54	55	55

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	45	55
3	45	55
4	45	55
5	45	55
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	45	55
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	45	55
12	45	55
13	45	55
14	44	56
15	44	56
16	45	55
17	46	54
18	45	55
19	46	54
20	46	54
21	46	54
22	47	53
23	46	54
24	46	54
25	47	53
26	47	53
27	46	54
28	46	54
29	46	54
30	45	55
31	45	55

Chance of precipitation in March

Any precipitation

Palmerston North gets around 62 mm of rain over 9.6 wet days in March, the driest month. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.

Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 31% and peaks near 32% on the wettest days.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Rain chance (%)	30	30	29	29	30	30	30	30	30	31	31	31	31	31	31	32	32	32	32	32	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	31	32	32

	Rain chance (%)
1	30
2	30
3	29
4	29
5	30
6	30
7	30
8	30
9	30
10	31
11	31
12	31
13	31
14	31
15	31
16	32
17	32
18	32
19	32
20	32
21	31
22	31
23	31
24	31
25	31
26	31
27	31
28	31
29	31
30	32
31	32

Humidity in March

DryComfortableHumidMuggyOppressiveMiserable

Most of March feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.

By dew point, March lands in the dry band about 60% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Dry (%)	51	52	53	54	56	57	59	59	61	61	61	63	62	62	63	63	62	62	61	61	61	61	60	60	60	61	61	62	63	64	65
Comfortable (%)	38	37	37	36	35	34	33	33	32	32	32	31	32	32	32	32	33	33	34	34	34	34	34	34	34	33	33	32	31	30	29
Humid (%)	11	11	10	10	9	9	8	8	7	7	7	6	6	6	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	6

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	51	38	11
2	52	37	11
3	53	37	10
4	54	36	10
5	56	35	9
6	57	34	9
7	59	33	8
8	59	33	8
9	61	32	7
10	61	32	7
11	61	32	7
12	63	31	6
13	62	32	6
14	62	32	6
15	63	32	5
16	63	32	5
17	62	33	5
18	62	33	5
19	61	34	5
20	61	34	5
21	61	34	5
22	61	34	5
23	60	34	6
24	60	34	6
25	60	34	6
26	61	33	6
27	61	33	6
28	62	32	6
29	63	31	6
30	64	30	6
31	65	29	6

Wind in March

Winds average 14 km/h in March.

Across March, daily wind ranges from about 14 km/h on the calmest days to 14 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Wind speed (km/h)	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14	14
Feels	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze	light breeze

	Wind speed (km/h)	Feels
1	14	light breeze
2	14	light breeze
3	14	light breeze
4	14	light breeze
5	14	light breeze
6	14	light breeze
7	14	light breeze
8	14	light breeze
9	14	light breeze
10	14	light breeze
11	14	light breeze
12	14	light breeze
13	14	light breeze
14	14	light breeze
15	14	light breeze
16	14	light breeze
17	14	light breeze
18	14	light breeze
19	14	light breeze
20	14	light breeze
21	14	light breeze
22	14	light breeze
23	14	light breeze
24	14	light breeze
25	14	light breeze
26	14	light breeze
27	14	light breeze
28	14	light breeze
29	14	light breeze
30	14	light breeze
31	14	light breeze

Sunrise & sunset in March

DaylightNight

Daylight runs from about 13 hours at the start of March to 11 h 36 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.

Days shrink by about 84 minutes over March. Sunrise moves from 7:01 AM to 7:33 AM, and sunset from 8:01 PM to 7:12 PM.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Daylight (h)	13.0	13.0	12.9	12.9	12.8	12.8	12.7	12.7	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.5	12.5	12.4	12.4	12.3	12.3	12.2	12.2	12.1	12.1	12.1	12.0	12.0	11.9	11.9	11.8	11.8	11.7	11.7	11.6
Sunrise (AM)	7:01	7:02	7:03	7:04	7:05	7:06	7:07	7:09	7:10	7:11	7:12	7:13	7:14	7:15	7:16	7:17	7:18	7:19	7:20	7:22	7:23	7:24	7:25	7:26	7:27	7:28	7:29	7:30	7:31	7:32	7:33
Sunset (PM)	8:01	7:59	7:58	7:56	7:55	7:53	7:52	7:50	7:49	7:47	7:45	7:44	7:42	7:40	7:39	7:37	7:35	7:34	7:32	7:30	7:29	7:27	7:25	7:24	7:22	7:20	7:19	7:17	7:15	7:14	7:12

	Daylight (h)	Sunrise (AM)	Sunset (PM)
1	13.0	7:01	8:01
2	13.0	7:02	7:59
3	12.9	7:03	7:58
4	12.9	7:04	7:56
5	12.8	7:05	7:55
6	12.8	7:06	7:53
7	12.7	7:07	7:52
8	12.7	7:09	7:50
9	12.6	7:10	7:49
10	12.6	7:11	7:47
11	12.6	7:12	7:45
12	12.5	7:13	7:44
13	12.5	7:14	7:42
14	12.4	7:15	7:40
15	12.4	7:16	7:39
16	12.3	7:17	7:37
17	12.3	7:18	7:35
18	12.2	7:19	7:34
19	12.2	7:20	7:32
20	12.1	7:22	7:30
21	12.1	7:23	7:29
22	12.1	7:24	7:27
23	12.0	7:25	7:25
24	12.0	7:26	7:24
25	11.9	7:27	7:22
26	11.9	7:28	7:20
27	11.8	7:29	7:19
28	11.8	7:30	7:17
29	11.7	7:31	7:15
30	11.7	7:32	7:14
31	11.6	7:33	7:12

Solar energy in March

Daily solar energy (kWh/m²)

Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in March, about 4.41 kWh/m².

For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.58 kWh/m² to a high of 6.82 kWh/m² in January across the year — March's 4.41 kWh/m² falls in the middle.

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Solar energy (kWh/m²)	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.7
Level	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Bright	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	Moderate

	Solar energy (kWh/m²)	Level
1	5.1	Bright
2	5.1	Bright
3	5.0	Bright
4	5.0	Bright
5	4.9	Bright
6	4.9	Bright
7	4.8	Bright
8	4.8	Bright
9	4.8	Bright
10	4.7	Bright
11	4.7	Bright
12	4.6	Bright
13	4.6	Bright
14	4.5	Bright
15	4.5	Bright
16	4.4	Bright
17	4.4	Bright
18	4.3	Bright
19	4.3	Bright
20	4.2	Bright
21	4.2	Bright
22	4.1	Bright
23	4.1	Bright
24	4.0	Bright
25	4.0	Moderate
26	3.9	Moderate
27	3.9	Moderate
28	3.8	Moderate
29	3.8	Moderate
30	3.7	Moderate
31	3.7	Moderate

Planning a trip in March

Is March a good time to visit Palmerston North?

Our two travel scores rate March for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).

6.4

Sightseeing

2nd-best month of the year

3.6

Beach & pool

3rd-best month of the year

March is a reasonable time to visit Palmerston North for sightseeing.

What to pack for Palmerston North in March

From March's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.

In March, Palmerston North sees daytime highs around 20°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: rain gear. About 10 days see rain.

rain gear

Sea temperature near Palmerston North in March

The nearest coast averages about 18°C in March — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.

The sea at the nearest coast (about 41 km away) is warmest in February at about 19°C and coldest in August near 13°C.

The water stays below 20°C all year — cool enough that most swimmers want a wetsuit.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Sea temperature (°C)	18	19	18	17	16	14	13	13	13	14	15	16
Comfort	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Cool	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Bracing	Cool

	Sea temperature (°C)	Comfort
Jan	18	Cool
Feb	19	Cool
Mar	18	Cool
Apr	17	Cool
May	16	Cool
Jun	14	Bracing
Jul	13	Bracing
Aug	13	Bracing
Sep	13	Bracing
Oct	14	Bracing
Nov	15	Bracing
Dec	16	Cool

UV index in Palmerston North in March

LowModerateHighVery highExtreme

Clear-sky midday UV in March peaks around 7 — enough to warrant sun protection. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.

Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Palmerston North peaks around January 13 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 17 at about 2 (low).

The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
UV index (midday)	12	11	7	4	2	2	2	3	4	7	10	11
Level	Extreme	Extreme	High	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Moderate	Moderate	High	Extreme	Extreme

	UV index (midday)	Level
Jan	12	Extreme
Feb	11	Extreme
Mar	7	High
Apr	4	Moderate
May	2	Moderate
Jun	2	Low
Jul	2	Low
Aug	3	Moderate
Sep	4	Moderate
Oct	7	High
Nov	10	Extreme
Dec	11	Extreme

Location & terrain

Where is Palmerston North?

Palmerston North sits at 40.4°S, 175.6°E, 34 m above sea level, in New Zealand. The nearest listed city is Levin, 42 km away.

Topography around Palmerston North

How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Palmerston North.

Within 3 km, the terrain around Palmerston North has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 54 m around an average of 32 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 611 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,719 m.

The land around Palmerston North is covered by artificial surfaces (54%) and grassland (25%) within 3 km, grassland (71%) within 16 km, and grassland (58%) and trees (24%) within 80 km.

3 km

54 m

artificial surfaces 54%

16 km

611 m

grassland 71%

80 km

1,719 m

grassland 58%

treesgrasslandcroplandartificial surfaceswater

← February Palmerston North year-round climate April →Best places to visit in March

March weather nearby: Levin 42 km · Whanganui 67 km · Masterton 67 km · Paraparaumu 80 km · Upper Hutt 99 km · Porirua 108 km · Lower Hutt 112 km · Wainuiomata 116 km

New Zealand travel facts

Travel advisory: Level 1; Exercise Normal Precautions
Power plugs: Type I; 230 V · 50 Hz
Prices: ≈ 86% of US; price level, 2025
GDP per capita: $49,591; 2025
Happiness: 7.0 / 10; World Happiness, 2025
Safe drinking water: 100%; of population, 2024
Homicide rate: 1.5; per 100k, 2022
Road deaths: 9.6; per 100k/yr, 2019
Income group: High; World Bank
Religion

Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.

Data sources

Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Palmerston North (-40.3564°, 175.6111°, elevation 34 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	13
2	21	13
3	21	13
4	21	13
5	21	13
6	21	13
7	21	13
8	21	12
9	21	12
10	21	12
11	21	12
12	21	12
13	21	12
14	21	12
15	20	12
16	20	12
17	20	12
18	20	12
19	20	12
20	20	12
21	20	12
22	20	12
23	20	12
24	20	12
25	20	12
26	20	12
27	20	12
28	20	12
29	20	12
30	20	12
31	20	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	45	55
3	45	55
4	45	55
5	45	55
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	45	55
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	45	55
12	45	55
13	45	55
14	44	56
15	44	56
16	45	55
17	46	54
18	45	55
19	46	54
20	46	54
21	46	54
22	47	53
23	46	54
24	46	54
25	47	53
26	47	53
27	46	54
28	46	54
29	46	54
30	45	55
31	45	55

	Rain chance (%)
1	30
2	30
3	29
4	29
5	30
6	30
7	30
8	30
9	30
10	31
11	31
12	31
13	31
14	31
15	31
16	32
17	32
18	32
19	32
20	32
21	31
22	31
23	31
24	31
25	31
26	31
27	31
28	31
29	31
30	32
31	32

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	51	38	11
2	52	37	11
3	53	37	10
4	54	36	10
5	56	35	9
6	57	34	9
7	59	33	8
8	59	33	8
9	61	32	7
10	61	32	7
11	61	32	7
12	63	31	6
13	62	32	6
14	62	32	6
15	63	32	5
16	63	32	5
17	62	33	5
18	62	33	5
19	61	34	5
20	61	34	5
21	61	34	5
22	61	34	5
23	60	34	6
24	60	34	6
25	60	34	6
26	61	33	6
27	61	33	6
28	62	32	6
29	63	31	6
30	64	30	6
31	65	29	6

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	13
2	21	13
3	21	13
4	21	13
5	21	13
6	21	13
7	21	13
8	21	12
9	21	12
10	21	12
11	21	12
12	21	12
13	21	12
14	21	12
15	20	12
16	20	12
17	20	12
18	20	12
19	20	12
20	20	12
21	20	12
22	20	12
23	20	12
24	20	12
25	20	12
26	20	12
27	20	12
28	20	12
29	20	12
30	20	12
31	20	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	45	55
3	45	55
4	45	55
5	45	55
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	45	55
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	45	55
12	45	55
13	45	55
14	44	56
15	44	56
16	45	55
17	46	54
18	45	55
19	46	54
20	46	54
21	46	54
22	47	53
23	46	54
24	46	54
25	47	53
26	47	53
27	46	54
28	46	54
29	46	54
30	45	55
31	45	55

	Rain chance (%)
1	30
2	30
3	29
4	29
5	30
6	30
7	30
8	30
9	30
10	31
11	31
12	31
13	31
14	31
15	31
16	32
17	32
18	32
19	32
20	32
21	31
22	31
23	31
24	31
25	31
26	31
27	31
28	31
29	31
30	32
31	32

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	51	38	11
2	52	37	11
3	53	37	10
4	54	36	10
5	56	35	9
6	57	34	9
7	59	33	8
8	59	33	8
9	61	32	7
10	61	32	7
11	61	32	7
12	63	31	6
13	62	32	6
14	62	32	6
15	63	32	5
16	63	32	5
17	62	33	5
18	62	33	5
19	61	34	5
20	61	34	5
21	61	34	5
22	61	34	5
23	60	34	6
24	60	34	6
25	60	34	6
26	61	33	6
27	61	33	6
28	62	32	6
29	63	31	6
30	64	30	6
31	65	29	6

	Avg high (°C)	Avg low (°C)
1	21	13
2	21	13
3	21	13
4	21	13
5	21	13
6	21	13
7	21	13
8	21	12
9	21	12
10	21	12
11	21	12
12	21	12
13	21	12
14	21	12
15	20	12
16	20	12
17	20	12
18	20	12
19	20	12
20	20	12
21	20	12
22	20	12
23	20	12
24	20	12
25	20	12
26	20	12
27	20	12
28	20	12
29	20	12
30	20	12
31	20	12

	Clearer (%)	Cloudier (%)
1	46	54
2	45	55
3	45	55
4	45	55
5	45	55
6	45	55
7	45	55
8	45	55
9	45	55
10	45	55
11	45	55
12	45	55
13	45	55
14	44	56
15	44	56
16	45	55
17	46	54
18	45	55
19	46	54
20	46	54
21	46	54
22	47	53
23	46	54
24	46	54
25	47	53
26	47	53
27	46	54
28	46	54
29	46	54
30	45	55
31	45	55

	Rain chance (%)
1	30
2	30
3	29
4	29
5	30
6	30
7	30
8	30
9	30
10	31
11	31
12	31
13	31
14	31
15	31
16	32
17	32
18	32
19	32
20	32
21	31
22	31
23	31
24	31
25	31
26	31
27	31
28	31
29	31
30	32
31	32

	Dry (%)	Comfortable (%)	Humid (%)
1	51	38	11
2	52	37	11
3	53	37	10
4	54	36	10
5	56	35	9
6	57	34	9
7	59	33	8
8	59	33	8
9	61	32	7
10	61	32	7
11	61	32	7
12	63	31	6
13	62	32	6
14	62	32	6
15	63	32	5
16	63	32	5
17	62	33	5
18	62	33	5
19	61	34	5
20	61	34	5
21	61	34	5
22	61	34	5
23	60	34	6
24	60	34	6
25	60	34	6
26	61	33	6
27	61	33	6
28	62	32	6
29	63	31	6
30	64	30	6
31	65	29	6