Wanaka weather in November
In November, Wanaka sees average daytime highs of 13°C and overnight lows near 5°C, with 116 mm of precipitation across 13.4 wet days and about 14.6 hours of daylight. It is the 5th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 13°C in the first days to 14°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 14 hours at the start of November to 15 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Wanaka's 5th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Wanaka's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 13°
- 5th warmest
- Overnight low
- 5°
- 8th coldest
- Precipitation
- 116 mm
- 13.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 14 h 42 min
- 6:09 AM – 8:49 PM
- Cloud cover
- 68%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 8 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.19 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 3.4
- out of 10
Wanaka is ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand.
- Density
- 461/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Highs climb over the month, from about 13°C in the first days to 14°C by the end.
A typical November day in Wanaka reaches about 13°C in the afternoon and slips back to 5°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 9°C and 18°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs about 3°C warmer than October and about 3°C cooler than December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Avg low (°C) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 | 4 |
| 2 | 13 | 4 |
| 3 | 13 | 4 |
| 4 | 13 | 4 |
| 5 | 13 | 4 |
| 6 | 13 | 4 |
| 7 | 13 | 4 |
| 8 | 13 | 4 |
| 9 | 13 | 4 |
| 10 | 13 | 4 |
| 11 | 13 | 4 |
| 12 | 13 | 4 |
| 13 | 13 | 4 |
| 14 | 13 | 4 |
| 15 | 13 | 4 |
| 16 | 13 | 4 |
| 17 | 13 | 5 |
| 18 | 13 | 5 |
| 19 | 13 | 5 |
| 20 | 14 | 5 |
| 21 | 14 | 5 |
| 22 | 14 | 5 |
| 23 | 14 | 5 |
| 24 | 14 | 5 |
| 25 | 14 | 5 |
| 26 | 14 | 6 |
| 27 | 14 | 6 |
| 28 | 15 | 6 |
| 29 | 15 | 6 |
| 30 | 15 | 6 |
How November really feels in Wanaka
Once humidity and wind are folded in, November averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
November sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Wanaka weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 5th-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 9° | 113 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 15 | 5.4 |
| Feb | 18° / 9° | 81 | 9.3 | 0.1 | 13.9 | 5.6 |
| Mar | 15° / 7° | 96 | 10.5 | 0.1 | 12.4 | 4.6 |
| Apr | 12° / 4° | 89 | 10.2 | 0.5 | 10.8 | 3.2 |
| May | 8° / 2° | 104 | 12.7 | 2.2 | 9.4 | 1.4 |
| Jun | 4° / -1° | 85 | 10.6 | 4.3 | 8.7 | 0.0 |
| Jul | 3° / -3° | 79 | 9.7 | 5 | 9 | 0.0 |
| Aug | 5° / -1° | 78 | 10.6 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 0.2 |
| Sep | 8° / 1° | 110 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 11.7 | 1.3 |
| Oct | 11° / 2° | 118 | 14 | 2.7 | 13.3 | 2.4 |
| Nov | 13° / 5° | 116 | 13.4 | 1.2 | 14.6 | 3.4 |
| Dec | 16° / 7° | 124 | 14.1 | 0.3 | 15.3 | 4.4 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 15% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 19% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 66%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 33 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
| Cloudier (%) | 67 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 64 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 33 | 67 |
| 2 | 34 | 66 |
| 3 | 35 | 65 |
| 4 | 35 | 65 |
| 5 | 35 | 65 |
| 6 | 35 | 65 |
| 7 | 36 | 64 |
| 8 | 36 | 64 |
| 9 | 36 | 64 |
| 10 | 36 | 64 |
| 11 | 35 | 65 |
| 12 | 35 | 65 |
| 13 | 35 | 65 |
| 14 | 35 | 65 |
| 15 | 34 | 66 |
| 16 | 34 | 66 |
| 17 | 33 | 67 |
| 18 | 33 | 67 |
| 19 | 32 | 68 |
| 20 | 32 | 68 |
| 21 | 32 | 68 |
| 22 | 32 | 68 |
| 23 | 32 | 68 |
| 24 | 33 | 67 |
| 25 | 34 | 66 |
| 26 | 34 | 66 |
| 27 | 34 | 66 |
| 28 | 34 | 66 |
| 29 | 35 | 65 |
| 30 | 36 | 64 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Wanaka gets around 116 mm of rain and snow over 13.4 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 45% and peaks near 47% on the wettest days, and about 1 day brings snow.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 43 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 46 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 |
| Snow chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43 | 5 |
| 2 | 43 | 5 |
| 3 | 44 | 5 |
| 4 | 44 | 5 |
| 5 | 44 | 5 |
| 6 | 45 | 4 |
| 7 | 45 | 4 |
| 8 | 46 | 4 |
| 9 | 46 | 5 |
| 10 | 47 | 5 |
| 11 | 47 | 5 |
| 12 | 47 | 5 |
| 13 | 47 | 5 |
| 14 | 47 | 5 |
| 15 | 47 | 4 |
| 16 | 47 | 4 |
| 17 | 47 | 4 |
| 18 | 46 | 4 |
| 19 | 46 | 4 |
| 20 | 45 | 4 |
| 21 | 45 | 4 |
| 22 | 45 | 3 |
| 23 | 44 | 3 |
| 24 | 44 | 3 |
| 25 | 43 | 3 |
| 26 | 43 | 3 |
| 27 | 43 | 3 |
| 28 | 43 | 2 |
| 29 | 43 | 2 |
| 30 | 43 | 2 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 8 km/h in November, the windiest month of the year.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 7 km/h on the calmest days to 8 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 7 | calm |
| 2 | 7 | calm |
| 3 | 7 | calm |
| 4 | 7 | calm |
| 5 | 7 | calm |
| 6 | 7 | calm |
| 7 | 7 | calm |
| 8 | 7 | calm |
| 9 | 7 | calm |
| 10 | 7 | calm |
| 11 | 7 | calm |
| 12 | 7 | calm |
| 13 | 7 | calm |
| 14 | 7 | calm |
| 15 | 8 | calm |
| 16 | 8 | calm |
| 17 | 8 | calm |
| 18 | 8 | calm |
| 19 | 8 | calm |
| 20 | 8 | calm |
| 21 | 8 | calm |
| 22 | 8 | calm |
| 23 | 8 | calm |
| 24 | 8 | calm |
| 25 | 8 | calm |
| 26 | 8 | calm |
| 27 | 8 | calm |
| 28 | 8 | calm |
| 29 | 8 | calm |
| 30 | 8 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 14 hours at the start of November to 15 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 66 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 6:26 AM to 6:00 AM, and sunset from 8:28 PM to 9:06 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 14.0 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 15.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:26 | 6:24 | 6:23 | 6:22 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 |
| Sunset (PM) | 8:28 | 8:30 | 8:31 | 8:32 | 8:34 | 8:35 | 8:37 | 8:38 | 8:39 | 8:41 | 8:42 | 8:43 | 8:45 | 8:46 | 8:47 | 8:49 | 8:50 | 8:51 | 8:53 | 8:54 | 8:55 | 8:56 | 8:58 | 8:59 | 9:00 | 9:01 | 9:03 | 9:04 | 9:05 | 9:06 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14.0 | 6:26 | 8:28 |
| 2 | 14.1 | 6:24 | 8:30 |
| 3 | 14.1 | 6:23 | 8:31 |
| 4 | 14.2 | 6:22 | 8:32 |
| 5 | 14.2 | 6:20 | 8:34 |
| 6 | 14.3 | 6:19 | 8:35 |
| 7 | 14.3 | 6:18 | 8:37 |
| 8 | 14.4 | 6:17 | 8:38 |
| 9 | 14.4 | 6:16 | 8:39 |
| 10 | 14.4 | 6:15 | 8:41 |
| 11 | 14.5 | 6:13 | 8:42 |
| 12 | 14.5 | 6:12 | 8:43 |
| 13 | 14.6 | 6:11 | 8:45 |
| 14 | 14.6 | 6:10 | 8:46 |
| 15 | 14.6 | 6:09 | 8:47 |
| 16 | 14.7 | 6:09 | 8:49 |
| 17 | 14.7 | 6:08 | 8:50 |
| 18 | 14.7 | 6:07 | 8:51 |
| 19 | 14.8 | 6:06 | 8:53 |
| 20 | 14.8 | 6:05 | 8:54 |
| 21 | 14.8 | 6:05 | 8:55 |
| 22 | 14.9 | 6:04 | 8:56 |
| 23 | 14.9 | 6:03 | 8:58 |
| 24 | 14.9 | 6:03 | 8:59 |
| 25 | 15.0 | 6:02 | 9:00 |
| 26 | 15.0 | 6:01 | 9:01 |
| 27 | 15.0 | 6:01 | 9:03 |
| 28 | 15.1 | 6:00 | 9:04 |
| 29 | 15.1 | 6:00 | 9:05 |
| 30 | 15.1 | 6:00 | 9:06 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.19 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.21 kWh/m² to a high of 6.66 kWh/m² in January across the year — November's 6.19 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 8 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.4 | Intense |
Is November a good time to visit Wanaka?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Wanaka.
What to pack for Wanaka in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Wanaka sees daytime highs around 13°C and nights near 5°C. Pack sun protection. Worth having: a warm layer and rain gear. About 13 days see rain.
UV index in Wanaka in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 8 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Wanaka peaks around January 15 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 16 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 11 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
| Level | Extreme | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | High | Very high | Very high |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Extreme |
| Feb | 9 | Very high |
| Mar | 6 | High |
| Apr | 3 | Moderate |
| May | 2 | Low |
| Jun | 1 | Low |
| Jul | 2 | Low |
| Aug | 2 | Moderate |
| Sep | 5 | Moderate |
| Oct | 6 | High |
| Nov | 8 | Very high |
| Dec | 10 | Very high |
Where is Wanaka?
Wanaka sits at 44.7°S, 169.2°E, 0 m above sea level, in New Zealand. The nearest listed city is Queenstown, 53 km away.
Topography around Wanaka
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Wanaka.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Wanaka has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 258 m around an average of 325 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,573 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,837 m.
The land around Wanaka is covered by grassland (49%) and trees (23%) within 3 km, grassland (64%) within 16 km, and grassland (68%) and trees (20%) within 80 km.
New Zealand travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 1
- Exercise Normal Precautions
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 86% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $49,591
- 2025
- Happiness
- 7.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 100%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 1.5
- per 100k, 2022
- Road deaths
- 9.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Wanaka (-44.7°, 169.15°, elevation 0 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).