Alofi weather in February
In February, Alofi sees average daytime highs of 27°C and overnight lows near 26°C, with 213 mm of rain across 19.4 wet days and about 12.6 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 3rd-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 24% of the time in February, and the air most often feels oppressive.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Alofi's 10th-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Alofi's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 27°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 26°
- 12th coldest
- Rainfall
- 213 mm
- 19.4 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 36 min
- 6:15 AM – 6:54 PM
- Cloud cover
- 67%
- 10th clearest
- Wind
- 22 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.7
- out of 10
Alofi is capital of Niue.
- Density
- 13/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 27°C through the month.
A typical February day in Alofi reaches about 27°C in the afternoon and slips back to 26°C overnight — a 1°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 27°C and 28°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs on par with January and on par with March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 27 | 26 |
| 2 | 27 | 26 |
| 3 | 27 | 26 |
| 4 | 27 | 26 |
| 5 | 27 | 26 |
| 6 | 27 | 26 |
| 7 | 27 | 26 |
| 8 | 27 | 26 |
| 9 | 27 | 26 |
| 10 | 27 | 26 |
| 11 | 27 | 26 |
| 12 | 27 | 26 |
| 13 | 27 | 26 |
| 14 | 27 | 26 |
| 15 | 27 | 26 |
| 16 | 27 | 26 |
| 17 | 27 | 26 |
| 18 | 27 | 26 |
| 19 | 27 | 26 |
| 20 | 27 | 26 |
| 21 | 27 | 26 |
| 22 | 27 | 26 |
| 23 | 27 | 26 |
| 24 | 27 | 26 |
| 25 | 27 | 26 |
| 26 | 27 | 26 |
| 27 | 27 | 26 |
| 28 | 27 | 26 |
Alofi weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 1st-warmest and 3rd-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27° / 26° | 248 | 20.4 | 13 | 4.9 |
| Feb | 27° / 26° | 213 | 19.4 | 12.6 | 4.7 |
| Mar | 27° / 26° | 221 | 21.6 | 12.1 | 4.8 |
| Apr | 27° / 26° | 177 | 16.6 | 11.6 | 5.4 |
| May | 26° / 25° | 140 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 6.3 |
| Jun | 25° / 24° | 74 | 9.4 | 10.9 | 6.8 |
| Jul | 25° / 24° | 83 | 9.4 | 11 | 7.1 |
| Aug | 24° / 23° | 78 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 7.1 |
| Sep | 25° / 24° | 91 | 10.1 | 11.9 | 6.9 |
| Oct | 25° / 24° | 116 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 6.4 |
| Nov | 26° / 25° | 126 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 5.8 |
| Dec | 27° / 25° | 187 | 17.5 | 13.1 | 5.3 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 24% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 16% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 61%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 39 | 38 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| Cloudier (%) | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39 | 61 |
| 2 | 39 | 61 |
| 3 | 39 | 61 |
| 4 | 39 | 61 |
| 5 | 39 | 61 |
| 6 | 40 | 60 |
| 7 | 39 | 61 |
| 8 | 39 | 61 |
| 9 | 39 | 61 |
| 10 | 39 | 61 |
| 11 | 38 | 62 |
| 12 | 39 | 61 |
| 13 | 39 | 61 |
| 14 | 39 | 61 |
| 15 | 38 | 62 |
| 16 | 38 | 62 |
| 17 | 40 | 60 |
| 18 | 40 | 60 |
| 19 | 40 | 60 |
| 20 | 40 | 60 |
| 21 | 41 | 59 |
| 22 | 40 | 60 |
| 23 | 40 | 60 |
| 24 | 40 | 60 |
| 25 | 40 | 60 |
| 26 | 40 | 60 |
| 27 | 40 | 60 |
| 28 | 40 | 60 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Alofi gets around 213 mm of rain over 19.4 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 70% and peaks near 71% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 69 |
| 2 | 69 |
| 3 | 69 |
| 4 | 69 |
| 5 | 69 |
| 6 | 69 |
| 7 | 69 |
| 8 | 69 |
| 9 | 69 |
| 10 | 70 |
| 11 | 70 |
| 12 | 70 |
| 13 | 71 |
| 14 | 71 |
| 15 | 71 |
| 16 | 71 |
| 17 | 71 |
| 18 | 71 |
| 19 | 71 |
| 20 | 71 |
| 21 | 71 |
| 22 | 71 |
| 23 | 71 |
| 24 | 71 |
| 25 | 71 |
| 26 | 71 |
| 27 | 71 |
| 28 | 71 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels oppressive — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the oppressive band about 62% of days. Sticky, muggy-or-worse air turns up on roughly 100% of them.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muggy (%) | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Oppressive (%) | 63 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 | 61 | 60 |
| Miserable (%) | 32 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 36 |
| Muggy (%) | Oppressive (%) | Miserable (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 63 | 32 |
| 2 | 5 | 62 | 33 |
| 3 | 4 | 63 | 33 |
| 4 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 5 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 6 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 7 | 3 | 63 | 34 |
| 8 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 9 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 10 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 11 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 12 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 13 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 14 | 3 | 62 | 35 |
| 15 | 3 | 63 | 34 |
| 16 | 3 | 63 | 34 |
| 17 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 18 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 19 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 20 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 21 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 22 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 23 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 24 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 25 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 26 | 4 | 62 | 34 |
| 27 | 4 | 61 | 35 |
| 28 | 4 | 60 | 36 |
Wind in February
Winds average 22 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 22 km/h on the calmest days to 23 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Feels | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy | breezy |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | breezy |
| 2 | 22 | breezy |
| 3 | 22 | breezy |
| 4 | 22 | breezy |
| 5 | 22 | breezy |
| 6 | 22 | breezy |
| 7 | 22 | breezy |
| 8 | 22 | breezy |
| 9 | 22 | breezy |
| 10 | 22 | breezy |
| 11 | 22 | breezy |
| 12 | 23 | breezy |
| 13 | 23 | breezy |
| 14 | 23 | breezy |
| 15 | 23 | breezy |
| 16 | 23 | breezy |
| 17 | 23 | breezy |
| 18 | 23 | breezy |
| 19 | 23 | breezy |
| 20 | 22 | breezy |
| 21 | 22 | breezy |
| 22 | 22 | breezy |
| 23 | 22 | breezy |
| 24 | 22 | breezy |
| 25 | 22 | breezy |
| 26 | 22 | breezy |
| 27 | 22 | breezy |
| 28 | 22 | breezy |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 12 h 54 min at the start of February to 12 h 24 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days shrink by about 30 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:08 AM to 6:20 AM, and sunset from 6:59 PM to 6:46 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:14 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:59 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:58 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:57 | 6:56 | 6:56 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:46 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.9 | 6:08 | 6:59 |
| 2 | 12.8 | 6:08 | 6:58 |
| 3 | 12.8 | 6:09 | 6:58 |
| 4 | 12.8 | 6:09 | 6:58 |
| 5 | 12.8 | 6:10 | 6:58 |
| 6 | 12.8 | 6:10 | 6:57 |
| 7 | 12.8 | 6:11 | 6:57 |
| 8 | 12.8 | 6:11 | 6:57 |
| 9 | 12.7 | 6:12 | 6:56 |
| 10 | 12.7 | 6:13 | 6:56 |
| 11 | 12.7 | 6:13 | 6:55 |
| 12 | 12.7 | 6:14 | 6:55 |
| 13 | 12.7 | 6:14 | 6:55 |
| 14 | 12.7 | 6:14 | 6:54 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 6:15 | 6:54 |
| 16 | 12.6 | 6:15 | 6:53 |
| 17 | 12.6 | 6:16 | 6:53 |
| 18 | 12.6 | 6:16 | 6:52 |
| 19 | 12.6 | 6:17 | 6:51 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 6:17 | 6:51 |
| 21 | 12.5 | 6:18 | 6:50 |
| 22 | 12.5 | 6:18 | 6:50 |
| 23 | 12.5 | 6:18 | 6:49 |
| 24 | 12.5 | 6:19 | 6:48 |
| 25 | 12.5 | 6:19 | 6:48 |
| 26 | 12.5 | 6:20 | 6:47 |
| 27 | 12.4 | 6:20 | 6:46 |
| 28 | 12.4 | 6:20 | 6:46 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 6 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 3.63 kWh/m² to a high of 6.59 kWh/m² in December across the year — February's 6 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.2 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.1 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.0 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.8 | Bright |
Is February a good time to visit Alofi?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a reasonable time to visit Alofi for sightseeing.
What to pack for Alofi in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Alofi sees daytime highs around 27°C and nights near 26°C. Pack light clothes, rain gear and sun protection. Worth having: a windbreaker. About 19 days see rain.
Sea temperature near Alofi in February
The nearest coast averages about 28°C in February — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea offshore is warmest in March at about 28°C and coldest in August near 25°C.
The water stays above 20°C all year — warm enough for a swim any month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
| Comfort | Warm | Tropical | Tropical | Tropical | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm | Warm |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | Warm |
| Feb | 28 | Tropical |
| Mar | 28 | Tropical |
| Apr | 28 | Tropical |
| May | 27 | Warm |
| Jun | 26 | Warm |
| Jul | 26 | Warm |
| Aug | 25 | Warm |
| Sep | 25 | Warm |
| Oct | 26 | Warm |
| Nov | 27 | Warm |
| Dec | 27 | Warm |
UV index in Alofi in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 16 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Alofi peaks around February 11 at about 16 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near July 11 at about 7 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 15 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 15 | Extreme |
| Feb | 16 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 8 | Very high |
| Jun | 7 | Very high |
| Jul | 7 | Very high |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 12 | Extreme |
| Oct | 14 | Extreme |
| Nov | 13 | Extreme |
| Dec | 13 | Extreme |
Where is Alofi?
Alofi sits at 19.1°S, 169.9°W, 51 m above sea level, in Niue. The nearest listed city is Pago Pago, 537 km away.
Topography around Alofi
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Alofi.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Alofi has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 82 m around an average of 38 m above sea level; within 16 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 93 m; within 80 km, only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 90 m.
The land around Alofi is covered by trees (56%) and water (36%) within 3 km, water (68%) and trees (31%) within 16 km, and water (95%) within 80 km.
Niue travel facts
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 230 V · 50 Hz
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Alofi (-19.0529°, -169.9196°, elevation 51 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).