Namyang weather in February
In February, Namyang sees average daytime highs of -2°C and overnight lows near -15°C, with 10 mm of precipitation across 2.2 wet days and about 10.2 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 11th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to 0°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 44% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Namyang's 5th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Namyang's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- -2°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- -15°
- 2nd coldest
- Precipitation
- 10 mm
- 2.2 wet days
- Daylight
- 10 h 18 min
- 7:28 AM – 5:43 PM
- Cloud cover
- 46%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 10 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 3.39 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 0.0
- out of 10
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about -5°C in the first days to 0°C by the end.
A typical February day in Namyang reaches about -2°C in the afternoon and slips back to -15°C overnight — a 13°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between -8°C and 4°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 4°C warmer than January and about 8°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Avg low (°C) | -18 | -18 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -15 | -14 | -14 | -14 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -13 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -11 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -5 | -18 |
| 2 | -5 | -18 |
| 3 | -5 | -17 |
| 4 | -5 | -17 |
| 5 | -4 | -17 |
| 6 | -4 | -17 |
| 7 | -4 | -17 |
| 8 | -4 | -17 |
| 9 | -4 | -16 |
| 10 | -3 | -16 |
| 11 | -3 | -16 |
| 12 | -3 | -16 |
| 13 | -3 | -16 |
| 14 | -3 | -15 |
| 15 | -2 | -15 |
| 16 | -2 | -15 |
| 17 | -2 | -15 |
| 18 | -2 | -14 |
| 19 | -1 | -14 |
| 20 | -1 | -14 |
| 21 | -1 | -13 |
| 22 | -1 | -13 |
| 23 | 0 | -13 |
| 24 | 0 | -13 |
| 25 | 0 | -12 |
| 26 | 0 | -12 |
| 27 | 1 | -12 |
| 28 | 1 | -11 |
How February really feels in Namyang
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 28 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
The story in February is cold — wind chill drags the overnight "feels like" below the raw low.
Namyang weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 11th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Snow days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -7° / -18° | 8 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 9.2 | 0.0 |
| Feb | -2° / -15° | 10 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 10.2 | 0.0 |
| Mar | 5° / -7° | 21 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 11.6 | 0.6 |
| Apr | 14° / 1° | 41 | 6.8 | 1.8 | 13.1 | 4.1 |
| May | 19° / 7° | 76 | 11.5 | 0.1 | 14.4 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 23° / 13° | 74 | 11.1 | 0 | 15.1 | 6.4 |
| Jul | 26° / 17° | 137 | 12.6 | 0 | 14.8 | 6.1 |
| Aug | 26° / 17° | 126 | 12.1 | 0 | 13.8 | 6.2 |
| Sep | 21° / 10° | 63 | 7.6 | 0 | 12.3 | 7.0 |
| Oct | 14° / 2° | 38 | 6 | 0.7 | 10.8 | 4.7 |
| Nov | 3° / -6° | 25 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 9.5 | 0.4 |
| Dec | -5° / -15° | 10 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 8.9 | 0.0 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 44% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 17% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 39%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 69 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 65 | 65 | 64 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 59 | 57 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 55 | 53 | 53 | 53 | 52 | 51 |
| Cloudier (%) | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 43 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 48 | 49 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 69 | 31 |
| 2 | 69 | 31 |
| 3 | 69 | 31 |
| 4 | 69 | 31 |
| 5 | 68 | 32 |
| 6 | 67 | 33 |
| 7 | 67 | 33 |
| 8 | 67 | 33 |
| 9 | 65 | 35 |
| 10 | 65 | 35 |
| 11 | 64 | 36 |
| 12 | 63 | 37 |
| 13 | 63 | 37 |
| 14 | 62 | 38 |
| 15 | 61 | 39 |
| 16 | 60 | 40 |
| 17 | 59 | 41 |
| 18 | 59 | 41 |
| 19 | 57 | 43 |
| 20 | 57 | 43 |
| 21 | 56 | 44 |
| 22 | 55 | 45 |
| 23 | 55 | 45 |
| 24 | 53 | 47 |
| 25 | 53 | 47 |
| 26 | 53 | 47 |
| 27 | 52 | 48 |
| 28 | 51 | 49 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Namyang gets around 10 mm of rain and snow over 2.2 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable precipitation averages around 8% and peaks near 14% on the wettest days, and about 3 days bring snow. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| Snow chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
| Rain chance (%) | Snow chance (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2 | 4 | 5 |
| 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 4 | 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 5 | 6 |
| 8 | 5 | 6 |
| 9 | 6 | 7 |
| 10 | 6 | 7 |
| 11 | 6 | 8 |
| 12 | 7 | 8 |
| 13 | 7 | 8 |
| 14 | 7 | 9 |
| 15 | 8 | 9 |
| 16 | 8 | 9 |
| 17 | 9 | 10 |
| 18 | 9 | 10 |
| 19 | 9 | 11 |
| 20 | 10 | 11 |
| 21 | 10 | 12 |
| 22 | 11 | 12 |
| 23 | 11 | 12 |
| 24 | 12 | 13 |
| 25 | 12 | 13 |
| 26 | 13 | 14 |
| 27 | 13 | 14 |
| 28 | 14 | 14 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
Wind in February
Winds average 10 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 10 km/h on the calmest days to 10 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | calm |
| 2 | 10 | calm |
| 3 | 10 | calm |
| 4 | 10 | calm |
| 5 | 10 | calm |
| 6 | 10 | calm |
| 7 | 10 | calm |
| 8 | 10 | calm |
| 9 | 10 | calm |
| 10 | 10 | calm |
| 11 | 10 | calm |
| 12 | 10 | calm |
| 13 | 10 | calm |
| 14 | 10 | calm |
| 15 | 10 | calm |
| 16 | 10 | calm |
| 17 | 10 | calm |
| 18 | 10 | calm |
| 19 | 10 | calm |
| 20 | 10 | calm |
| 21 | 10 | calm |
| 22 | 10 | calm |
| 23 | 10 | calm |
| 24 | 10 | calm |
| 25 | 10 | calm |
| 26 | 10 | calm |
| 27 | 10 | calm |
| 28 | 10 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 9 h 42 min at the start of February to 10 h 54 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 72 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 7:44 AM to 7:08 AM, and sunset from 5:24 PM to 6:00 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 9.7 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 7:44 | 7:43 | 7:42 | 7:41 | 7:40 | 7:39 | 7:38 | 7:36 | 7:35 | 7:34 | 7:33 | 7:32 | 7:30 | 7:29 | 7:28 | 7:26 | 7:25 | 7:23 | 7:22 | 7:21 | 7:19 | 7:18 | 7:16 | 7:15 | 7:13 | 7:12 | 7:10 | 7:08 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:24 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:34 | 5:35 | 5:36 | 5:37 | 5:39 | 5:40 | 5:41 | 5:43 | 5:44 | 5:45 | 5:47 | 5:48 | 5:49 | 5:51 | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 6:00 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9.7 | 7:44 | 5:24 |
| 2 | 9.7 | 7:43 | 5:26 |
| 3 | 9.8 | 7:42 | 5:27 |
| 4 | 9.8 | 7:41 | 5:28 |
| 5 | 9.8 | 7:40 | 5:30 |
| 6 | 9.9 | 7:39 | 5:31 |
| 7 | 9.9 | 7:38 | 5:32 |
| 8 | 10.0 | 7:36 | 5:34 |
| 9 | 10.0 | 7:35 | 5:35 |
| 10 | 10.0 | 7:34 | 5:36 |
| 11 | 10.1 | 7:33 | 5:37 |
| 12 | 10.1 | 7:32 | 5:39 |
| 13 | 10.2 | 7:30 | 5:40 |
| 14 | 10.2 | 7:29 | 5:41 |
| 15 | 10.3 | 7:28 | 5:43 |
| 16 | 10.3 | 7:26 | 5:44 |
| 17 | 10.3 | 7:25 | 5:45 |
| 18 | 10.4 | 7:23 | 5:47 |
| 19 | 10.4 | 7:22 | 5:48 |
| 20 | 10.5 | 7:21 | 5:49 |
| 21 | 10.5 | 7:19 | 5:51 |
| 22 | 10.6 | 7:18 | 5:52 |
| 23 | 10.6 | 7:16 | 5:53 |
| 24 | 10.7 | 7:15 | 5:54 |
| 25 | 10.7 | 7:13 | 5:56 |
| 26 | 10.8 | 7:12 | 5:57 |
| 27 | 10.8 | 7:10 | 5:58 |
| 28 | 10.9 | 7:08 | 6:00 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 3.39 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 1.99 kWh/m² to a high of 5.46 kWh/m² in May across the year — February's 3.39 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.9 | Moderate |
| 2 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 3 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 4 | 3.0 | Moderate |
| 5 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 6 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 7 | 3.1 | Moderate |
| 8 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 9 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 10 | 3.2 | Moderate |
| 11 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 12 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 13 | 3.3 | Moderate |
| 14 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 15 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 16 | 3.4 | Moderate |
| 17 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 18 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 19 | 3.5 | Moderate |
| 20 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 21 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 22 | 3.6 | Moderate |
| 23 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 24 | 3.7 | Moderate |
| 25 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 26 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 27 | 3.8 | Moderate |
| 28 | 3.9 | Moderate |
Hazard calendar for Namyang
None of Namyang's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Namyang's rainy season runs May–September, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is February a good time to visit Namyang?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is a weaker month for outdoor sightseeing in Namyang.
What to pack for Namyang in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Namyang sees daytime highs around -2°C and nights near -15°C. Pack a warm layer and a heavy coat.
UV index in Namyang in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 2. The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Namyang peaks around August 19 at about 7 (very high) — sunscreen and a hat are worth it in the middle of the day. It bottoms out near December 22 at about 1 (low).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — in 8 months of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Level | Low | Low | Moderate | High | High | High | High | Very high | High | Moderate | Low | Low |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1 | Low |
| Feb | 2 | Low |
| Mar | 3 | Moderate |
| Apr | 5 | High |
| May | 7 | High |
| Jun | 7 | High |
| Jul | 5 | High |
| Aug | 8 | Very high |
| Sep | 6 | High |
| Oct | 4 | Moderate |
| Nov | 2 | Low |
| Dec | 1 | Low |
Air quality in Namyang in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Namyang is worst in March — around 47 µg/m³ PM2.5 (poor), about 2.7× the cleanest month (August, 17 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 35 | 37 | 47 | 36 | 28 | 22 | 19 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 29 | 29 |
| Level | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 35 | Moderate |
| Feb | 37 | Poor |
| Mar | 47 | Poor |
| Apr | 36 | Poor |
| May | 28 | Moderate |
| Jun | 22 | Moderate |
| Jul | 19 | Moderate |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 21 | Moderate |
| Oct | 26 | Moderate |
| Nov | 29 | Moderate |
| Dec | 29 | Moderate |
Where is Namyang?
Namyang sits at 43.0°N, 129.9°E, 88 m above sea level, in North Korea. The nearest listed city is Namyang-nodongjagu, 0.0 km away.
Topography around Namyang
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Namyang.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Namyang has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 344 m around an average of 170 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 671 m; within 80 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,478 m.
The land around Namyang is covered by cropland (32%) and trees (26%) within 3 km, trees (57%) and cropland (31%) within 16 km, and trees (77%) within 80 km.
North Korea travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 4
- Do Not Travel
- Power plugs
- Type C / F
- 220 V · 50 Hz
- Safe drinking water
- 67%
- of population, 2023
- Road deaths
- 24.2
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Low
- World Bank
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Namyang (42.9504°, 129.8557°, elevation 88 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).