Nizwa weather in February
In February, Nizwa sees average daytime highs of 25°C and overnight lows near 15°C, with 5 mm of rain across 1.1 wet days and about 11.2 hours of daylight. It is the 10th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 27°C by the end. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in February, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 hours at the start of February to 11 h 30 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, February is Nizwa's 3rd-clearest and 6th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Nizwa's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 25°
- 10th warmest
- Overnight low
- 15°
- 2nd coldest
- Rainfall
- 5 mm
- 1.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 12 min
- 6:48 AM – 6:01 PM
- Cloud cover
- 18%
- 3rd clearest
- Wind
- 6 km/h
- 6th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.57 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 9.0
- out of 10
Nizwa is city in Ad Dakhiliyah governorate, Oman.
- Density
- 21/km²
- people per km²
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in February
Highs climb over the month, from about 24°C in the first days to 27°C by the end.
A typical February day in Nizwa reaches about 25°C in the afternoon and slips back to 15°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 22°C and 29°C. Set against its neighbours, February runs about 2°C warmer than January and about 3°C cooler than March.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Avg low (°C) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 | 14 |
| 2 | 24 | 14 |
| 3 | 24 | 14 |
| 4 | 24 | 14 |
| 5 | 24 | 14 |
| 6 | 25 | 14 |
| 7 | 25 | 14 |
| 8 | 25 | 14 |
| 9 | 25 | 14 |
| 10 | 25 | 14 |
| 11 | 25 | 15 |
| 12 | 25 | 15 |
| 13 | 25 | 15 |
| 14 | 25 | 15 |
| 15 | 26 | 15 |
| 16 | 26 | 15 |
| 17 | 26 | 15 |
| 18 | 26 | 15 |
| 19 | 26 | 15 |
| 20 | 26 | 16 |
| 21 | 26 | 16 |
| 22 | 26 | 16 |
| 23 | 26 | 16 |
| 24 | 26 | 16 |
| 25 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 27 | 16 |
| 27 | 27 | 16 |
| 28 | 27 | 16 |
How February really feels in Nizwa
Once humidity and wind are folded in, February averages 0 days that feel above 32°C and 0 that feel at or below 0°C — the comfort signal a plain temperature reading hides.
February sits comfortably in between — no days that feel dangerously hot or drop to a hard freeze once humidity and wind are folded in.
Nizwa weather by month
How February compares with the rest of the year at a glance. February is the 10th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23° / 13° | 7 | 1.3 | 10.7 | 9.1 |
| Feb | 25° / 15° | 5 | 1.1 | 11.2 | 9.0 |
| Mar | 29° / 18° | 20 | 2.3 | 11.8 | 7.3 |
| Apr | 33° / 23° | 11 | 2.2 | 12.5 | 4.5 |
| May | 37° / 27° | 5 | 1.6 | 13.1 | 1.9 |
| Jun | 39° / 29° | 8 | 1.6 | 13.4 | 0.5 |
| Jul | 39° / 29° | 16 | 3.4 | 13.3 | 0.8 |
| Aug | 37° / 28° | 15 | 4.1 | 12.8 | 1.5 |
| Sep | 36° / 26° | 2 | 0.7 | 12.1 | 2.8 |
| Oct | 32° / 23° | 6 | 1.2 | 11.5 | 5.0 |
| Nov | 28° / 18° | 11 | 1.2 | 10.9 | 8.0 |
| Dec | 25° / 15° | 6 | 0.8 | 10.6 | 9.2 |
Cloud cover in February
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in February.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 9% of February, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 10%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 86 |
| Cloudier (%) | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 91 | 9 |
| 2 | 91 | 9 |
| 3 | 91 | 9 |
| 4 | 91 | 9 |
| 5 | 92 | 8 |
| 6 | 92 | 8 |
| 7 | 92 | 8 |
| 8 | 92 | 8 |
| 9 | 92 | 8 |
| 10 | 91 | 9 |
| 11 | 91 | 9 |
| 12 | 91 | 9 |
| 13 | 91 | 9 |
| 14 | 91 | 9 |
| 15 | 91 | 9 |
| 16 | 91 | 9 |
| 17 | 91 | 9 |
| 18 | 91 | 9 |
| 19 | 90 | 10 |
| 20 | 90 | 10 |
| 21 | 90 | 10 |
| 22 | 90 | 10 |
| 23 | 89 | 11 |
| 24 | 88 | 12 |
| 25 | 88 | 12 |
| 26 | 88 | 12 |
| 27 | 87 | 13 |
| 28 | 86 | 14 |
Chance of precipitation in February
Nizwa gets around 5 mm of rain over 1.1 wet days in February. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 4% and peaks near 6% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 5 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 4 |
| 5 | 4 |
| 6 | 4 |
| 7 | 4 |
| 8 | 4 |
| 9 | 4 |
| 10 | 4 |
| 11 | 4 |
| 12 | 4 |
| 13 | 4 |
| 14 | 3 |
| 15 | 3 |
| 16 | 3 |
| 17 | 3 |
| 18 | 3 |
| 19 | 3 |
| 20 | 3 |
| 21 | 4 |
| 22 | 4 |
| 23 | 4 |
| 24 | 5 |
| 25 | 5 |
| 26 | 5 |
| 27 | 5 |
| 28 | 6 |
Humidity in February
Most of February feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, February lands in the dry band about 96% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 |
| Comfortable (%) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 95 | 5 |
| 2 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | 95 | 5 |
| 4 | 95 | 5 |
| 5 | 95 | 5 |
| 6 | 95 | 5 |
| 7 | 95 | 5 |
| 8 | 95 | 5 |
| 9 | 95 | 5 |
| 10 | 96 | 4 |
| 11 | 96 | 4 |
| 12 | 96 | 4 |
| 13 | 97 | 3 |
| 14 | 97 | 3 |
| 15 | 97 | 3 |
| 16 | 97 | 3 |
| 17 | 98 | 2 |
| 18 | 98 | 2 |
| 19 | 98 | 2 |
| 20 | 98 | 2 |
| 21 | 98 | 2 |
| 22 | 98 | 2 |
| 23 | 98 | 2 |
| 24 | 97 | 3 |
| 25 | 97 | 3 |
| 26 | 97 | 3 |
| 27 | 97 | 3 |
| 28 | 97 | 3 |
Wind in February
Winds average 6 km/h in February.
Across February, daily wind ranges from about 6 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 | calm |
| 2 | 6 | calm |
| 3 | 6 | calm |
| 4 | 6 | calm |
| 5 | 6 | calm |
| 6 | 6 | calm |
| 7 | 6 | calm |
| 8 | 6 | calm |
| 9 | 6 | calm |
| 10 | 6 | calm |
| 11 | 6 | calm |
| 12 | 6 | calm |
| 13 | 6 | calm |
| 14 | 6 | calm |
| 15 | 6 | calm |
| 16 | 6 | calm |
| 17 | 6 | calm |
| 18 | 6 | calm |
| 19 | 6 | calm |
| 20 | 6 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in February
Daylight runs from about 11 hours at the start of February to 11 h 30 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 30 minutes over February. Sunrise moves from 6:55 AM to 6:39 AM, and sunset from 5:52 PM to 6:08 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:55 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:54 | 6:53 | 6:53 | 6:52 | 6:52 | 6:51 | 6:51 | 6:50 | 6:50 | 6:49 | 6:49 | 6:48 | 6:48 | 6:47 | 6:46 | 6:46 | 6:45 | 6:44 | 6:43 | 6:43 | 6:42 | 6:41 | 6:40 | 6:40 | 6:39 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:52 | 5:53 | 5:53 | 5:54 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:08 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.0 | 6:55 | 5:52 |
| 2 | 11.0 | 6:54 | 5:53 |
| 3 | 11.0 | 6:54 | 5:53 |
| 4 | 11.0 | 6:54 | 5:54 |
| 5 | 11.0 | 6:53 | 5:55 |
| 6 | 11.0 | 6:53 | 5:55 |
| 7 | 11.1 | 6:52 | 5:56 |
| 8 | 11.1 | 6:52 | 5:57 |
| 9 | 11.1 | 6:51 | 5:57 |
| 10 | 11.1 | 6:51 | 5:58 |
| 11 | 11.1 | 6:50 | 5:58 |
| 12 | 11.2 | 6:50 | 5:59 |
| 13 | 11.2 | 6:49 | 6:00 |
| 14 | 11.2 | 6:49 | 6:00 |
| 15 | 11.2 | 6:48 | 6:01 |
| 16 | 11.2 | 6:48 | 6:01 |
| 17 | 11.3 | 6:47 | 6:02 |
| 18 | 11.3 | 6:46 | 6:02 |
| 19 | 11.3 | 6:46 | 6:03 |
| 20 | 11.3 | 6:45 | 6:04 |
| 21 | 11.3 | 6:44 | 6:04 |
| 22 | 11.4 | 6:43 | 6:05 |
| 23 | 11.4 | 6:43 | 6:05 |
| 24 | 11.4 | 6:42 | 6:06 |
| 25 | 11.4 | 6:41 | 6:06 |
| 26 | 11.4 | 6:40 | 6:07 |
| 27 | 11.5 | 6:40 | 6:07 |
| 28 | 11.5 | 6:39 | 6:08 |
Solar energy in February
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in February, about 5.57 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.52 kWh/m² to a high of 7.56 kWh/m² in May across the year — February's 5.57 kWh/m² falls in the middle.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.7 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 6.0 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Nizwa
None of Nizwa's seasonal hazards are active in February. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Nizwa sees seasonal dust haze (April–September), heaviest in July.
Is February a good time to visit Nizwa?
Our two travel scores rate February for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
February is one of the better times to visit Nizwa for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for Nizwa in February
From February's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In February, Nizwa sees daytime highs around 25°C and nights near 15°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.
UV index in Nizwa in February
Clear-sky midday UV in February peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Nizwa peaks around May 10 at about 11 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near December 15 at about 6 (high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 7 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 6 |
| Level | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Very high | High | High |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Very high |
| Feb | 9 | Very high |
| Mar | 10 | Extreme |
| Apr | 11 | Extreme |
| May | 11 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Very high |
| Aug | 10 | Very high |
| Sep | 10 | Extreme |
| Oct | 9 | Very high |
| Nov | 7 | High |
| Dec | 6 | High |
Air quality in Nizwa in February
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where February falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Nizwa is worst in July — around 84 µg/m³ PM2.5 (unhealthy), about 3.3× the cleanest month (December, 25 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 28 | 33 | 37 | 43 | 48 | 57 | 84 | 67 | 44 | 31 | 27 | 25 |
| Level | Moderate | Moderate | Poor | Poor | Poor | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Unhealthy | Poor | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 28 | Moderate |
| Feb | 33 | Moderate |
| Mar | 37 | Poor |
| Apr | 43 | Poor |
| May | 48 | Poor |
| Jun | 57 | Unhealthy |
| Jul | 84 | Unhealthy |
| Aug | 67 | Unhealthy |
| Sep | 44 | Poor |
| Oct | 31 | Moderate |
| Nov | 27 | Moderate |
| Dec | 25 | Moderate |
Where is Nizwa?
Nizwa sits at 22.9°N, 57.5°E, 511 m above sea level, in Oman. The nearest listed city is Izkī, 24 km away.
Topography around Nizwa
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Nizwa.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Nizwa has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 609 m around an average of 578 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,697 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,929 m.
The land around Nizwa is covered by bare terrain (65%) and artificial surfaces (23%) within 3 km, bare terrain (92%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (97%) within 80 km.
Oman travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type G
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 47% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $19,947
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.2 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 91%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 0.1
- per 100k, 2023
- Road deaths
- 10.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- High
- World Bank
- English
- Very low
- EF EPI 407
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Nizwa (22.9333°, 57.5333°, elevation 511 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).