Mount Hagen weather in October
In October, Mount Hagen sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 13°C, with 287 mm of rain across 24.8 wet days and about 12.1 hours of daylight. It is the 8th-warmest and 7th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in October, and the air most often feels comfortable.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 06 min at the start of October to 12 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, October is Mount Hagen's 6th-clearest and 1st-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Mount Hagen's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 8th warmest
- Overnight low
- 13°
- 5th coldest
- Rainfall
- 287 mm
- 24.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 06 min
- 6:04 AM – 6:12 PM
- Cloud cover
- 86%
- 6th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 1st windiest
- Solar energy
- 4.85 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.2
- out of 10
Mount Hagen is capital town of Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea.
- Founded
- 1934
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in October
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical October day in Mount Hagen reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 13°C overnight — a 9°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 24°C. Set against its neighbours, October runs on par with September and on par with November.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 |
| Avg low (°C) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 13 |
| 2 | 22 | 13 |
| 3 | 22 | 13 |
| 4 | 22 | 13 |
| 5 | 22 | 13 |
| 6 | 22 | 13 |
| 7 | 22 | 13 |
| 8 | 22 | 13 |
| 9 | 22 | 13 |
| 10 | 22 | 13 |
| 11 | 22 | 13 |
| 12 | 22 | 13 |
| 13 | 22 | 13 |
| 14 | 22 | 13 |
| 15 | 22 | 13 |
| 16 | 22 | 13 |
| 17 | 22 | 13 |
| 18 | 22 | 13 |
| 19 | 22 | 13 |
| 20 | 22 | 13 |
| 21 | 22 | 13 |
| 22 | 22 | 13 |
| 23 | 22 | 13 |
| 24 | 22 | 13 |
| 25 | 22 | 13 |
| 26 | 22 | 13 |
| 27 | 22 | 13 |
| 28 | 22 | 13 |
| 29 | 22 | 13 |
| 30 | 22 | 13 |
| 31 | 22 | 13 |
Mount Hagen weather by month
How October compares with the rest of the year at a glance. October is the 8th-warmest and 7th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22° / 14° | 520 | 27.7 | 12.3 | 3.7 |
| Feb | 22° / 14° | 491 | 25.7 | 12.2 | 3.6 |
| Mar | 22° / 14° | 491 | 28.3 | 12 | 3.6 |
| Apr | 22° / 14° | 376 | 26.3 | 11.9 | 3.8 |
| May | 22° / 14° | 230 | 23.4 | 11.7 | 4.4 |
| Jun | 22° / 13° | 173 | 21.6 | 11.7 | 4.6 |
| Jul | 22° / 13° | 199 | 23.4 | 11.7 | 4.4 |
| Aug | 22° / 13° | 211 | 23.8 | 11.8 | 4.4 |
| Sep | 22° / 13° | 231 | 23.8 | 12 | 4.2 |
| Oct | 22° / 13° | 287 | 24.8 | 12.1 | 4.2 |
| Nov | 22° / 14° | 316 | 25.3 | 12.3 | 4.0 |
| Dec | 22° / 14° | 423 | 27.7 | 12.3 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in October
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 2% of the time in October.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 6% of October, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 93%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| Cloudier (%) | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 96 | 96 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8 | 92 |
| 2 | 8 | 92 |
| 3 | 8 | 92 |
| 4 | 8 | 92 |
| 5 | 8 | 92 |
| 6 | 8 | 92 |
| 7 | 8 | 92 |
| 8 | 8 | 92 |
| 9 | 8 | 92 |
| 10 | 8 | 92 |
| 11 | 8 | 92 |
| 12 | 8 | 92 |
| 13 | 9 | 91 |
| 14 | 9 | 91 |
| 15 | 9 | 91 |
| 16 | 10 | 90 |
| 17 | 10 | 90 |
| 18 | 9 | 91 |
| 19 | 9 | 91 |
| 20 | 9 | 91 |
| 21 | 8 | 92 |
| 22 | 6 | 94 |
| 23 | 6 | 94 |
| 24 | 6 | 94 |
| 25 | 6 | 94 |
| 26 | 5 | 95 |
| 27 | 5 | 95 |
| 28 | 5 | 95 |
| 29 | 5 | 95 |
| 30 | 4 | 96 |
| 31 | 4 | 96 |
Chance of precipitation in October
Mount Hagen gets around 287 mm of rain over 24.8 wet days in October. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 80% and peaks near 84% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 78 |
| 2 | 78 |
| 3 | 78 |
| 4 | 78 |
| 5 | 78 |
| 6 | 78 |
| 7 | 78 |
| 8 | 78 |
| 9 | 78 |
| 10 | 78 |
| 11 | 79 |
| 12 | 79 |
| 13 | 79 |
| 14 | 79 |
| 15 | 79 |
| 16 | 79 |
| 17 | 79 |
| 18 | 79 |
| 19 | 79 |
| 20 | 80 |
| 21 | 80 |
| 22 | 81 |
| 23 | 81 |
| 24 | 81 |
| 25 | 82 |
| 26 | 82 |
| 27 | 83 |
| 28 | 83 |
| 29 | 84 |
| 30 | 84 |
| 31 | 84 |
Humidity in October
Most of October feels comfortable — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, October lands in the comfortable band about 71% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Comfortable (%) | 80 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 70 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 71 |
| Humid (%) | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| Dry (%) | Comfortable (%) | Humid (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | 80 | 15 |
| 2 | 5 | 79 | 16 |
| 3 | 6 | 78 | 16 |
| 4 | 6 | 77 | 17 |
| 5 | 6 | 77 | 17 |
| 6 | 6 | 76 | 18 |
| 7 | 7 | 74 | 19 |
| 8 | 7 | 73 | 20 |
| 9 | 7 | 73 | 20 |
| 10 | 7 | 72 | 21 |
| 11 | 7 | 71 | 22 |
| 12 | 7 | 70 | 23 |
| 13 | 7 | 69 | 24 |
| 14 | 7 | 68 | 25 |
| 15 | 7 | 68 | 25 |
| 16 | 7 | 68 | 25 |
| 17 | 7 | 67 | 26 |
| 18 | 7 | 67 | 26 |
| 19 | 6 | 68 | 26 |
| 20 | 6 | 68 | 26 |
| 21 | 6 | 68 | 26 |
| 22 | 5 | 69 | 26 |
| 23 | 5 | 69 | 26 |
| 24 | 5 | 69 | 26 |
| 25 | 4 | 70 | 26 |
| 26 | 4 | 70 | 26 |
| 27 | 4 | 70 | 26 |
| 28 | 4 | 69 | 27 |
| 29 | 3 | 71 | 26 |
| 30 | 3 | 71 | 26 |
| 31 | 3 | 71 | 26 |
Wind in October
Winds average 4 km/h in October, the windiest month of the year.
Across October, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
| 31 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in October
Daylight runs from about 12 h 06 min at the start of October to 12 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 6 minutes over October. Sunrise moves from 6:11 AM to 6:00 AM, and sunset from 6:14 PM to 6:13 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:00 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:13 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.1 | 6:11 | 6:14 |
| 2 | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:13 |
| 3 | 12.1 | 6:10 | 6:13 |
| 4 | 12.1 | 6:09 | 6:13 |
| 5 | 12.1 | 6:09 | 6:13 |
| 6 | 12.1 | 6:08 | 6:13 |
| 7 | 12.1 | 6:08 | 6:13 |
| 8 | 12.1 | 6:07 | 6:13 |
| 9 | 12.1 | 6:07 | 6:13 |
| 10 | 12.1 | 6:06 | 6:12 |
| 11 | 12.1 | 6:06 | 6:12 |
| 12 | 12.1 | 6:06 | 6:12 |
| 13 | 12.1 | 6:05 | 6:12 |
| 14 | 12.1 | 6:05 | 6:12 |
| 15 | 12.1 | 6:05 | 6:12 |
| 16 | 12.1 | 6:04 | 6:12 |
| 17 | 12.1 | 6:04 | 6:12 |
| 18 | 12.1 | 6:04 | 6:12 |
| 19 | 12.1 | 6:03 | 6:12 |
| 20 | 12.2 | 6:03 | 6:12 |
| 21 | 12.2 | 6:03 | 6:12 |
| 22 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 23 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 24 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 25 | 12.2 | 6:02 | 6:12 |
| 26 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:12 |
| 27 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:12 |
| 28 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:12 |
| 29 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:13 |
| 30 | 12.2 | 6:01 | 6:13 |
| 31 | 12.2 | 6:00 | 6:13 |
Solar energy in October
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in October, about 4.85 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.17 kWh/m² to a high of 4.85 kWh/m² in October across the year — October's 4.85 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 2 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 3 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 4 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 5 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 6 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 7 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 8 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 9 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 10 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 11 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 12 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 13 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 14 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 15 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 16 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 17 | 4.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 19 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 20 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 21 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 22 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 23 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 24 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 25 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 26 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 27 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 28 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 29 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 30 | 4.8 | Bright |
| 31 | 4.8 | Bright |
Is October a good time to visit Mount Hagen?
Our two travel scores rate October for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
October is a reasonable time to visit Mount Hagen for sightseeing.
What to pack for Mount Hagen in October
From October's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In October, Mount Hagen sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 13°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: light clothes and sun protection. About 25 days see rain.
UV index in Mount Hagen in October
Clear-sky midday UV in October peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Mount Hagen peaks around March 12 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 19 at about 11 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 18 | Extreme |
| Apr | 16 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 11 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 15 | Extreme |
| Dec | 14 | Extreme |
Where is Mount Hagen?
Mount Hagen sits at 5.9°S, 144.2°E, 1,728 m above sea level, in Papua New Guinea. The nearest listed city is Mendi, 71 km away.
Topography around Mount Hagen
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Mount Hagen.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Mount Hagen has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 257 m around an average of 1,727 m above sea level; within 16 km, very significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,679 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,045 m.
The land around Mount Hagen is covered by trees (57%) and grassland (33%) within 3 km, trees (62%) and grassland (37%) within 16 km, and trees (87%) within 80 km.
Papua New Guinea travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 3
- Reconsider Travel
- Power plugs
- Type I
- 240 V · 50 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 58% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $3,020
- 2025
- Homicide rate
- 9.3
- per 100k, 2010
- Road deaths
- 12.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Lower middle
- World Bank
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Mount Hagen (-5.8575°, 144.2306°, elevation 1,728 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).