Cajamarca weather in September
In September, Cajamarca sees average daytime highs of 18°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 167 mm of rain across 19.8 wet days and about 12 hours of daylight. It is the 3rd-warmest and 8th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 14% of the time in September, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 h 54 min at the start of September to 12 h 06 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, September is Cajamarca's 5th-clearest and 4th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Cajamarca's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 18°
- 3rd warmest
- Overnight low
- 8°
- 6th coldest
- Rainfall
- 167 mm
- 19.8 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 hours
- 6:09 AM – 6:07 PM
- Cloud cover
- 66%
- 5th clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 4th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.93 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.5
- out of 10
Cajamarca is capital city of Cajamarca, Peru.
- Density
- 513/km²
- people per km²
- Founded
- 1320
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in September
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month.
A typical September day in Cajamarca reaches about 18°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, September runs about 1°C cooler than August and on par with October.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | 8 |
| 2 | 18 | 8 |
| 3 | 18 | 8 |
| 4 | 18 | 8 |
| 5 | 18 | 8 |
| 6 | 18 | 8 |
| 7 | 18 | 8 |
| 8 | 18 | 8 |
| 9 | 18 | 8 |
| 10 | 18 | 8 |
| 11 | 18 | 8 |
| 12 | 18 | 8 |
| 13 | 18 | 8 |
| 14 | 18 | 8 |
| 15 | 18 | 8 |
| 16 | 18 | 8 |
| 17 | 18 | 8 |
| 18 | 18 | 8 |
| 19 | 18 | 8 |
| 20 | 18 | 8 |
| 21 | 18 | 8 |
| 22 | 18 | 8 |
| 23 | 18 | 8 |
| 24 | 18 | 8 |
| 25 | 18 | 8 |
| 26 | 18 | 8 |
| 27 | 18 | 8 |
| 28 | 17 | 8 |
| 29 | 17 | 8 |
| 30 | 17 | 8 |
Cajamarca weather by month
How September compares with the rest of the year at a glance. September is the 3rd-warmest and 8th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 8° | 359 | 26.6 | 12.4 | 3.3 |
| Feb | 17° / 9° | 430 | 25.4 | 12.2 | 3.1 |
| Mar | 17° / 9° | 495 | 29.4 | 12 | 3.0 |
| Apr | 17° / 9° | 314 | 26.7 | 11.8 | 3.3 |
| May | 18° / 8° | 158 | 21.5 | 11.7 | 4.3 |
| Jun | 18° / 8° | 58 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 5.9 |
| Jul | 18° / 7° | 32 | 6.8 | 11.6 | 6.6 |
| Aug | 19° / 7° | 43 | 8.7 | 11.8 | 6.5 |
| Sep | 18° / 8° | 167 | 19.8 | 12 | 4.5 |
| Oct | 17° / 8° | 278 | 25.7 | 12.2 | 3.6 |
| Nov | 18° / 7° | 243 | 20.9 | 12.3 | 4.0 |
| Dec | 17° / 8° | 317 | 24 | 12.4 | 3.7 |
Cloud cover in September
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 14% of the time in September.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 26% of September, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 59%. Skies tend to cloud over as the month goes on.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 61 | 60 | 59 | 57 | 56 | 55 | 54 | 52 | 51 | 50 | 47 | 46 | 45 | 43 | 41 | 39 | 36 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Cloudier (%) | 39 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 57 | 59 | 61 | 64 | 65 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 61 | 39 |
| 2 | 60 | 40 |
| 3 | 59 | 41 |
| 4 | 57 | 43 |
| 5 | 56 | 44 |
| 6 | 55 | 45 |
| 7 | 54 | 46 |
| 8 | 52 | 48 |
| 9 | 51 | 49 |
| 10 | 50 | 50 |
| 11 | 47 | 53 |
| 12 | 46 | 54 |
| 13 | 45 | 55 |
| 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 15 | 41 | 59 |
| 16 | 39 | 61 |
| 17 | 36 | 64 |
| 18 | 35 | 65 |
| 19 | 33 | 67 |
| 20 | 32 | 68 |
| 21 | 31 | 69 |
| 22 | 29 | 71 |
| 23 | 28 | 72 |
| 24 | 27 | 73 |
| 25 | 26 | 74 |
| 26 | 26 | 74 |
| 27 | 26 | 74 |
| 28 | 25 | 75 |
| 29 | 25 | 75 |
| 30 | 25 | 75 |
Chance of precipitation in September
Cajamarca gets around 167 mm of rain over 19.8 wet days in September. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 65% and peaks near 86% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 60 | 62 | 64 | 66 | 69 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 42 |
| 2 | 43 |
| 3 | 44 |
| 4 | 45 |
| 5 | 46 |
| 6 | 47 |
| 7 | 49 |
| 8 | 50 |
| 9 | 52 |
| 10 | 54 |
| 11 | 56 |
| 12 | 58 |
| 13 | 60 |
| 14 | 62 |
| 15 | 64 |
| 16 | 66 |
| 17 | 69 |
| 18 | 71 |
| 19 | 73 |
| 20 | 75 |
| 21 | 78 |
| 22 | 80 |
| 23 | 81 |
| 24 | 83 |
| 25 | 84 |
| 26 | 85 |
| 27 | 86 |
| 28 | 86 |
| 29 | 86 |
| 30 | 86 |
Humidity in September
Most of September feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, September lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in September
Winds average 5 km/h in September.
Across September, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 5 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 5 | calm |
| 22 | 5 | calm |
| 23 | 5 | calm |
| 24 | 5 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in September
Daylight runs from about 11 h 54 min at the start of September to 12 h 06 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over September. Sunrise moves from 6:18 AM to 6:02 AM, and sunset from 6:10 PM to 6:05 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:18 | 6:17 | 6:17 | 6:16 | 6:16 | 6:15 | 6:15 | 6:14 | 6:13 | 6:13 | 6:12 | 6:12 | 6:11 | 6:11 | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:02 | 6:02 |
| Sunset (PM) | 6:10 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:09 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:08 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:07 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:05 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.9 | 6:18 | 6:10 |
| 2 | 11.9 | 6:17 | 6:09 |
| 3 | 11.9 | 6:17 | 6:09 |
| 4 | 11.9 | 6:16 | 6:09 |
| 5 | 11.9 | 6:16 | 6:09 |
| 6 | 11.9 | 6:15 | 6:09 |
| 7 | 11.9 | 6:15 | 6:09 |
| 8 | 11.9 | 6:14 | 6:09 |
| 9 | 11.9 | 6:13 | 6:08 |
| 10 | 11.9 | 6:13 | 6:08 |
| 11 | 11.9 | 6:12 | 6:08 |
| 12 | 11.9 | 6:12 | 6:08 |
| 13 | 11.9 | 6:11 | 6:08 |
| 14 | 11.9 | 6:11 | 6:07 |
| 15 | 12.0 | 6:10 | 6:07 |
| 16 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:07 |
| 17 | 12.0 | 6:09 | 6:07 |
| 18 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:07 |
| 19 | 12.0 | 6:08 | 6:07 |
| 20 | 12.0 | 6:07 | 6:06 |
| 21 | 12.0 | 6:07 | 6:06 |
| 22 | 12.0 | 6:06 | 6:06 |
| 23 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:06 |
| 24 | 12.0 | 6:05 | 6:06 |
| 25 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:06 |
| 26 | 12.0 | 6:04 | 6:06 |
| 27 | 12.0 | 6:03 | 6:05 |
| 28 | 12.0 | 6:03 | 6:05 |
| 29 | 12.0 | 6:02 | 6:05 |
| 30 | 12.1 | 6:02 | 6:05 |
Solar energy in September
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in September, about 5.93 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.91 kWh/m² to a high of 6.25 kWh/m² in November across the year — September's 5.93 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 2 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 3 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 4 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 5 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 6 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 7 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 8 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 9 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 10 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 11 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 12 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 13 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 14 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 15 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 16 | 6.0 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.9 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.9 | Bright |
Hazard calendar for Cajamarca
None of Cajamarca's seasonal hazards are active in September. The full-year calendar below shows when the rainy season, cyclone risk and dust haze do peak.
Cajamarca's rainy season runs October–April, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is September a good time to visit Cajamarca?
Our two travel scores rate September for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
September is a reasonable time to visit Cajamarca for sightseeing.
What to pack for Cajamarca in September
From September's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In September, Cajamarca sees daytime highs around 18°C and nights near 8°C. Pack rain gear. Worth having: a warm layer and sun protection. About 20 days see rain.
UV index in Cajamarca in September
Clear-sky midday UV in September peaks around 15 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Cajamarca peaks around February 16 at about 19 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 22 at about 12 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 18 | 19 | 18 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Extreme |
| Feb | 19 | Extreme |
| Mar | 18 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 14 | Extreme |
| Jun | 12 | Extreme |
| Jul | 12 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 15 | Extreme |
| Oct | 17 | Extreme |
| Nov | 16 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Air quality in Cajamarca in September
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where September falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Cajamarca is worst in November — around 15 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 1.8× the cleanest month (July, 8 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 12 |
| Level | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Good | Moderate | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 11 | Good |
| Feb | 12 | Good |
| Mar | 12 | Moderate |
| Apr | 12 | Moderate |
| May | 11 | Good |
| Jun | 9 | Good |
| Jul | 8 | Good |
| Aug | 10 | Good |
| Sep | 14 | Moderate |
| Oct | 12 | Good |
| Nov | 15 | Moderate |
| Dec | 12 | Good |
Where is Cajamarca?
Cajamarca sits at 7.2°S, 78.5°W, 2,700 m above sea level, in Peru. The nearest listed city is Huamachuco, 85 km away.
Topography around Cajamarca
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Cajamarca.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Cajamarca has significant variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 450 m around an average of 2,723 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,410 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,163 m.
The land around Cajamarca is covered by artificial surfaces (45%) and cropland (42%) within 3 km, grassland (53%) and cropland (31%) within 16 km, and grassland (67%) within 80 km.
Peru travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 51% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $9,684
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.6
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 13.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 519
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Cajamarca (-7.1638°, -78.5003°, elevation 2,700 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).