El Pedregal weather in July
In July, El Pedregal sees average daytime highs of 22°C and overnight lows near 12°C, with 0 mm of rain across 0.1 wet days and about 11.1 hours of daylight. It is the 12th-warmest and 10th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in July, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 11 hours at the start of July to 11 h 12 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, July is El Pedregal's 1st-clearest and 11th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see El Pedregal's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 22°
- 12th warmest
- Overnight low
- 12°
- 1st coldest
- Rainfall
- 0 mm
- 0.1 wet days
- Daylight
- 11 h 06 min
- 6:21 AM – 5:28 PM
- Cloud cover
- 18%
- 1st clearest
- Wind
- 5 km/h
- 11th windiest
- Solar energy
- 5.32 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 9.2
- out of 10
El Pedregal is village in Arequipa, Peru.
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in July
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 22°C through the month.
A typical July day in El Pedregal reaches about 22°C in the afternoon and slips back to 12°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 20°C and 25°C. Set against its neighbours, July runs on par with June and on par with August.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
| Avg low (°C) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 12 |
| 2 | 22 | 12 |
| 3 | 22 | 12 |
| 4 | 22 | 12 |
| 5 | 22 | 12 |
| 6 | 22 | 12 |
| 7 | 22 | 12 |
| 8 | 22 | 12 |
| 9 | 22 | 12 |
| 10 | 22 | 12 |
| 11 | 22 | 12 |
| 12 | 22 | 12 |
| 13 | 22 | 12 |
| 14 | 22 | 12 |
| 15 | 22 | 12 |
| 16 | 22 | 12 |
| 17 | 22 | 12 |
| 18 | 22 | 12 |
| 19 | 22 | 12 |
| 20 | 22 | 12 |
| 21 | 22 | 12 |
| 22 | 22 | 12 |
| 23 | 22 | 12 |
| 24 | 23 | 12 |
| 25 | 23 | 12 |
| 26 | 23 | 12 |
| 27 | 23 | 12 |
| 28 | 23 | 12 |
| 29 | 23 | 12 |
| 30 | 23 | 12 |
| 31 | 23 | 12 |
El Pedregal weather by month
How July compares with the rest of the year at a glance. July is the 12th-warmest and 10th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 23° / 15° | 31 | 7.4 | 12.9 | 6.8 |
| Feb | 23° / 16° | 39 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 6.4 |
| Mar | 23° / 16° | 23 | 6.6 | 12.1 | 7.1 |
| Apr | 24° / 15° | 5 | 1.4 | 11.6 | 8.4 |
| May | 24° / 14° | 0 | 0 | 11.2 | 9.2 |
| Jun | 23° / 13° | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9.2 |
| Jul | 22° / 12° | 0 | 0.1 | 11.1 | 9.2 |
| Aug | 23° / 13° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.5 | 9.2 |
| Sep | 24° / 14° | 1 | 0.2 | 11.9 | 9.3 |
| Oct | 24° / 14° | 1 | 0.1 | 12.4 | 8.9 |
| Nov | 24° / 14° | 1 | 0.2 | 12.8 | 8.6 |
| Dec | 24° / 15° | 8 | 2.3 | 13 | 7.9 |
Cloud cover in July
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 82% of the time in July, the clearest month of the year.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 8% of July, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 9%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 87 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 |
| Cloudier (%) | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 87 | 13 |
| 2 | 88 | 12 |
| 3 | 88 | 12 |
| 4 | 88 | 12 |
| 5 | 88 | 12 |
| 6 | 89 | 11 |
| 7 | 89 | 11 |
| 8 | 88 | 12 |
| 9 | 88 | 12 |
| 10 | 88 | 12 |
| 11 | 89 | 11 |
| 12 | 90 | 10 |
| 13 | 90 | 10 |
| 14 | 90 | 10 |
| 15 | 91 | 9 |
| 16 | 91 | 9 |
| 17 | 92 | 8 |
| 18 | 92 | 8 |
| 19 | 92 | 8 |
| 20 | 92 | 8 |
| 21 | 92 | 8 |
| 22 | 92 | 8 |
| 23 | 93 | 7 |
| 24 | 93 | 7 |
| 25 | 93 | 7 |
| 26 | 93 | 7 |
| 27 | 92 | 8 |
| 28 | 92 | 8 |
| 29 | 92 | 8 |
| 30 | 92 | 8 |
| 31 | 92 | 8 |
Chance of precipitation in July
El Pedregal gets around 0 mm of rain over 0.1 wet days in July. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 0% and peaks near 0% on the wettest days.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
| 10 | 0 |
| 11 | 0 |
| 12 | 0 |
| 13 | 0 |
| 14 | 0 |
| 15 | 0 |
| 16 | 0 |
| 17 | 0 |
| 18 | 0 |
| 19 | 0 |
| 20 | 0 |
| 21 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 |
| 29 | 0 |
| 30 | 0 |
| 31 | 0 |
Humidity in July
Most of July feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, July lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
| 31 | 100 |
Wind in July
Winds average 5 km/h in July.
Across July, daily wind ranges from about 5 km/h on the calmest days to 6 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 | calm |
| 2 | 5 | calm |
| 3 | 5 | calm |
| 4 | 5 | calm |
| 5 | 5 | calm |
| 6 | 5 | calm |
| 7 | 5 | calm |
| 8 | 5 | calm |
| 9 | 5 | calm |
| 10 | 5 | calm |
| 11 | 5 | calm |
| 12 | 5 | calm |
| 13 | 5 | calm |
| 14 | 5 | calm |
| 15 | 5 | calm |
| 16 | 5 | calm |
| 17 | 5 | calm |
| 18 | 5 | calm |
| 19 | 5 | calm |
| 20 | 5 | calm |
| 21 | 6 | calm |
| 22 | 6 | calm |
| 23 | 6 | calm |
| 24 | 6 | calm |
| 25 | 6 | calm |
| 26 | 6 | calm |
| 27 | 6 | calm |
| 28 | 6 | calm |
| 29 | 6 | calm |
| 30 | 6 | calm |
| 31 | 6 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in July
Daylight runs from about 11 hours at the start of July to 11 h 12 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over July. Sunrise moves from 6:21 AM to 6:17 AM, and sunset from 5:23 PM to 5:32 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:21 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:20 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:19 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:18 | 6:17 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:23 | 5:23 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:27 | 5:27 | 5:27 | 5:28 | 5:28 | 5:28 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:29 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:30 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:31 | 5:32 | 5:32 | 5:32 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11.0 | 6:21 | 5:23 |
| 2 | 11.0 | 6:21 | 5:23 |
| 3 | 11.0 | 6:21 | 5:24 |
| 4 | 11.0 | 6:21 | 5:24 |
| 5 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:24 |
| 6 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:25 |
| 7 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:25 |
| 8 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:25 |
| 9 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:26 |
| 10 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:26 |
| 11 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:26 |
| 12 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:26 |
| 13 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:27 |
| 14 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:27 |
| 15 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:27 |
| 16 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:28 |
| 17 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:28 |
| 18 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:28 |
| 19 | 11.1 | 6:21 | 5:29 |
| 20 | 11.1 | 6:20 | 5:29 |
| 21 | 11.2 | 6:20 | 5:29 |
| 22 | 11.2 | 6:20 | 5:30 |
| 23 | 11.2 | 6:20 | 5:30 |
| 24 | 11.2 | 6:20 | 5:30 |
| 25 | 11.2 | 6:19 | 5:31 |
| 26 | 11.2 | 6:19 | 5:31 |
| 27 | 11.2 | 6:19 | 5:31 |
| 28 | 11.2 | 6:18 | 5:31 |
| 29 | 11.2 | 6:18 | 5:32 |
| 30 | 11.2 | 6:18 | 5:32 |
| 31 | 11.2 | 6:17 | 5:32 |
Solar energy in July
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in July, about 5.32 kWh/m².
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 5.1 kWh/m² to a high of 7.99 kWh/m² in November across the year — July's 5.32 kWh/m² sits near the bottom.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
| Level | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright | Bright |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 2 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 3 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 4 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 5 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 6 | 5.1 | Bright |
| 7 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 8 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 9 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 10 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 11 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 12 | 5.2 | Bright |
| 13 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 14 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 15 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 16 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 17 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 18 | 5.3 | Bright |
| 19 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 20 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 21 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 22 | 5.4 | Bright |
| 23 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 24 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 25 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 26 | 5.5 | Bright |
| 27 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 28 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 29 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 30 | 5.6 | Bright |
| 31 | 5.7 | Bright |
Is July a good time to visit El Pedregal?
Our two travel scores rate July for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
July is one of the better times to visit El Pedregal for general sightseeing. The water and warmth also suit a beach or pool day.
What to pack for El Pedregal in July
From July's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In July, El Pedregal sees daytime highs around 22°C and nights near 12°C. Worth packing: light clothes and sun protection.
Sea temperature near El Pedregal in July
The nearest coast averages about 17°C in July — the other half of the beach question. The full-year curve and swim-comfort zones are below.
The sea at the nearest coast (about 55 km away) is warmest in February at about 22°C and coldest in August near 17°C.
It's comfortable for a long swim from Dec 11 to Apr 14 — about 4.1 months when the water holds above 20°C.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea temperature (°C) | 22 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| Comfort | Refreshing | Refreshing | Refreshing | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Cool | Refreshing |
| Sea temperature (°C) | Comfort | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22 | Refreshing |
| Feb | 22 | Refreshing |
| Mar | 21 | Refreshing |
| Apr | 20 | Cool |
| May | 19 | Cool |
| Jun | 18 | Cool |
| Jul | 17 | Cool |
| Aug | 17 | Cool |
| Sep | 17 | Cool |
| Oct | 18 | Cool |
| Nov | 19 | Cool |
| Dec | 20 | Refreshing |
UV index in El Pedregal in July
Clear-sky midday UV in July peaks around 9 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in El Pedregal peaks around February 8 at about 17 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 21 at about 8 (very high).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 17 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 15 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Very high | Very high | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17 | Extreme |
| Feb | 17 | Extreme |
| Mar | 14 | Extreme |
| Apr | 13 | Extreme |
| May | 10 | Extreme |
| Jun | 8 | Very high |
| Jul | 9 | Very high |
| Aug | 11 | Extreme |
| Sep | 13 | Extreme |
| Oct | 15 | Extreme |
| Nov | 14 | Extreme |
| Dec | 15 | Extreme |
Where is El Pedregal?
El Pedregal sits at 16.4°S, 72.2°W, 1,400 m above sea level, in Peru. The nearest listed city is Camaná, 62 km away.
Topography around El Pedregal
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of El Pedregal.
Within 3 km, the terrain around El Pedregal has only modest variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 133 m around an average of 1,395 m above sea level; within 16 km, large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 934 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 6,249 m.
The land around El Pedregal is covered by cropland (40%) and bare terrain (20%) within 3 km, bare terrain (78%) within 16 km, and bare terrain (67%) within 80 km.
Peru travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 51% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $9,684
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.6
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 13.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 519
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for El Pedregal (-16.3631°, -72.1921°, elevation 1,400 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. Sea temperatures are the NOAA OISST v2.1 1991–2020 monthly climatology (public domain), sampled at the nearest ocean point. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).