Huanta weather in November
In November, Huanta sees average daytime highs of 18°C and overnight lows near 8°C, with 67 mm of rain across 17.9 wet days and about 12.6 hours of daylight. It is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month of the year here.
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month. The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in November, and the air most often feels dry.
Daylight stretches from about 12 h 30 min at the start of November to 12 h 42 min by month's end. Set against the rest of the year, November is Huanta's 8th-clearest and 7th-windiest month. For the whole year in context, see Huanta's year-round climate.
- Daytime high
- 18°
- 1st warmest
- Overnight low
- 8°
- 9th coldest
- Rainfall
- 67 mm
- 17.9 wet days
- Daylight
- 12 h 36 min
- 5:24 AM – 6:00 PM
- Cloud cover
- 83%
- 8th clearest
- Wind
- 4 km/h
- 7th windiest
- Solar energy
- 6.42 kWh/m²
- Travel score
- 4.5
- out of 10
Huanta is town in Ayacucho, Peru.
- Founded
- 1905
Air quality: WHO Ambient Air Quality Database. Density & description: Wikidata (CC0), GeoNames.
Temperature in November
Day-to-day highs hold fairly steady near 18°C through the month.
A typical November day in Huanta reaches about 18°C in the afternoon and slips back to 8°C overnight — a 10°C spread between the day's warmth and the night's chill. On most days the high lands between 16°C and 20°C. Set against its neighbours, November runs on par with October and on par with December.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high (°C) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
| Avg low (°C) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Avg high (°C) | Avg low (°C) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18 | 8 |
| 2 | 18 | 8 |
| 3 | 18 | 8 |
| 4 | 18 | 8 |
| 5 | 18 | 8 |
| 6 | 18 | 8 |
| 7 | 18 | 8 |
| 8 | 18 | 8 |
| 9 | 18 | 8 |
| 10 | 18 | 8 |
| 11 | 18 | 8 |
| 12 | 18 | 8 |
| 13 | 18 | 8 |
| 14 | 18 | 8 |
| 15 | 18 | 8 |
| 16 | 18 | 8 |
| 17 | 18 | 8 |
| 18 | 18 | 8 |
| 19 | 18 | 8 |
| 20 | 18 | 8 |
| 21 | 18 | 8 |
| 22 | 18 | 8 |
| 23 | 18 | 8 |
| 24 | 18 | 8 |
| 25 | 18 | 8 |
| 26 | 18 | 8 |
| 27 | 18 | 8 |
| 28 | 18 | 8 |
| 29 | 18 | 8 |
| 30 | 18 | 8 |
Huanta weather by month
How November compares with the rest of the year at a glance. November is the 1st-warmest and 5th-wettest month here — the current month is highlighted below.
| Month | High / Low (°C) | Rainfall (mm) | Wet days | Daylight (hours) | Travel score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 17° / 8° | 146 | 24.9 | 12.7 | 3.3 |
| Feb | 17° / 8° | 137 | 23.2 | 12.4 | 3.2 |
| Mar | 17° / 8° | 104 | 23.6 | 12.1 | 3.4 |
| Apr | 17° / 7° | 47 | 14.2 | 11.7 | 4.6 |
| May | 17° / 6° | 17 | 5.5 | 11.4 | 5.9 |
| Jun | 16° / 4° | 13 | 3.7 | 11.3 | 5.8 |
| Jul | 15° / 3° | 16 | 4.2 | 11.3 | 5.6 |
| Aug | 16° / 4° | 23 | 5.2 | 11.6 | 5.7 |
| Sep | 17° / 6° | 27 | 8.7 | 11.9 | 5.5 |
| Oct | 18° / 7° | 50 | 15.7 | 12.3 | 4.8 |
| Nov | 18° / 8° | 67 | 17.9 | 12.6 | 4.5 |
| Dec | 17° / 8° | 118 | 23.1 | 12.7 | 3.8 |
Cloud cover in November
The sky is clear or mostly clear about 4% of the time in November.
Beyond those clear spells, partly cloudy skies cover about 7% of November, with mostly cloudy or overcast conditions the remaining 89%.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clearer (%) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
| Cloudier (%) | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 91 | 91 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 95 |
| Clearer (%) | Cloudier (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 86 |
| 2 | 14 | 86 |
| 3 | 14 | 86 |
| 4 | 15 | 85 |
| 5 | 15 | 85 |
| 6 | 15 | 85 |
| 7 | 14 | 86 |
| 8 | 14 | 86 |
| 9 | 14 | 86 |
| 10 | 14 | 86 |
| 11 | 14 | 86 |
| 12 | 14 | 86 |
| 13 | 13 | 87 |
| 14 | 13 | 87 |
| 15 | 12 | 88 |
| 16 | 11 | 89 |
| 17 | 10 | 90 |
| 18 | 10 | 90 |
| 19 | 10 | 90 |
| 20 | 9 | 91 |
| 21 | 9 | 91 |
| 22 | 8 | 92 |
| 23 | 8 | 92 |
| 24 | 7 | 93 |
| 25 | 7 | 93 |
| 26 | 7 | 93 |
| 27 | 7 | 93 |
| 28 | 7 | 93 |
| 29 | 6 | 94 |
| 30 | 5 | 95 |
Chance of precipitation in November
Huanta gets around 67 mm of rain over 17.9 wet days in November. The line is the day-by-day chance of measurable precipitation.
Day to day, the chance of measurable rain averages around 61% and peaks near 67% on the wettest days. The odds climb toward the end of the month.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain chance (%) | 58 | 58 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 66 | 67 |
| Rain chance (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 58 |
| 2 | 58 |
| 3 | 57 |
| 4 | 57 |
| 5 | 57 |
| 6 | 57 |
| 7 | 57 |
| 8 | 57 |
| 9 | 57 |
| 10 | 58 |
| 11 | 58 |
| 12 | 59 |
| 13 | 59 |
| 14 | 59 |
| 15 | 60 |
| 16 | 60 |
| 17 | 61 |
| 18 | 62 |
| 19 | 62 |
| 20 | 63 |
| 21 | 63 |
| 22 | 63 |
| 23 | 64 |
| 24 | 64 |
| 25 | 65 |
| 26 | 65 |
| 27 | 65 |
| 28 | 66 |
| 29 | 66 |
| 30 | 67 |
Humidity in November
Most of November feels dry — the stacked bands show each day's mix of comfort levels, read off the dew point.
By dew point, November lands in the dry band about 100% of days. It rarely turns muggy — the humid and sticky bands barely register.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Dry (%) | |
|---|---|
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 3 | 100 |
| 4 | 100 |
| 5 | 100 |
| 6 | 100 |
| 7 | 100 |
| 8 | 100 |
| 9 | 100 |
| 10 | 100 |
| 11 | 100 |
| 12 | 100 |
| 13 | 100 |
| 14 | 100 |
| 15 | 100 |
| 16 | 100 |
| 17 | 100 |
| 18 | 100 |
| 19 | 100 |
| 20 | 100 |
| 21 | 100 |
| 22 | 100 |
| 23 | 100 |
| 24 | 100 |
| 25 | 100 |
| 26 | 100 |
| 27 | 100 |
| 28 | 100 |
| 29 | 100 |
| 30 | 100 |
Wind in November
Winds average 4 km/h in November.
Across November, daily wind ranges from about 4 km/h on the calmest days to 4 km/h at its breeziest. It stays fairly steady from day to day.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed (km/h) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Feels | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm | calm |
| Wind speed (km/h) | Feels | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | calm |
| 2 | 4 | calm |
| 3 | 4 | calm |
| 4 | 4 | calm |
| 5 | 4 | calm |
| 6 | 4 | calm |
| 7 | 4 | calm |
| 8 | 4 | calm |
| 9 | 4 | calm |
| 10 | 4 | calm |
| 11 | 4 | calm |
| 12 | 4 | calm |
| 13 | 4 | calm |
| 14 | 4 | calm |
| 15 | 4 | calm |
| 16 | 4 | calm |
| 17 | 4 | calm |
| 18 | 4 | calm |
| 19 | 4 | calm |
| 20 | 4 | calm |
| 21 | 4 | calm |
| 22 | 4 | calm |
| 23 | 4 | calm |
| 24 | 4 | calm |
| 25 | 4 | calm |
| 26 | 4 | calm |
| 27 | 4 | calm |
| 28 | 4 | calm |
| 29 | 4 | calm |
| 30 | 4 | calm |
Sunrise & sunset in November
Daylight runs from about 12 h 30 min at the start of November to 12 h 42 min by month's end. The lit band spans sunrise to sunset each day.
Days grow by about 12 minutes over November. Sunrise moves from 5:26 AM to 5:25 AM, and sunset from 5:55 PM to 6:07 PM.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight (h) | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.7 |
| Sunrise (AM) | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:26 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:24 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 | 5:25 |
| Sunset (PM) | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:55 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:56 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:57 | 5:58 | 5:58 | 5:59 | 5:59 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:00 | 6:01 | 6:01 | 6:02 | 6:02 | 6:03 | 6:03 | 6:04 | 6:04 | 6:05 | 6:05 | 6:06 | 6:06 | 6:07 | 6:07 |
| Daylight (h) | Sunrise (AM) | Sunset (PM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12.5 | 5:26 | 5:55 |
| 2 | 12.5 | 5:26 | 5:55 |
| 3 | 12.5 | 5:26 | 5:55 |
| 4 | 12.5 | 5:26 | 5:56 |
| 5 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:56 |
| 6 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:56 |
| 7 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:57 |
| 8 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:57 |
| 9 | 12.5 | 5:25 | 5:57 |
| 10 | 12.6 | 5:25 | 5:58 |
| 11 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 5:58 |
| 12 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 5:59 |
| 13 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 5:59 |
| 14 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:00 |
| 15 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:00 |
| 16 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:00 |
| 17 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:01 |
| 18 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:01 |
| 19 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:02 |
| 20 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:02 |
| 21 | 12.6 | 5:24 | 6:03 |
| 22 | 12.7 | 5:24 | 6:03 |
| 23 | 12.7 | 5:24 | 6:04 |
| 24 | 12.7 | 5:24 | 6:04 |
| 25 | 12.7 | 5:24 | 6:05 |
| 26 | 12.7 | 5:25 | 6:05 |
| 27 | 12.7 | 5:25 | 6:06 |
| 28 | 12.7 | 5:25 | 6:06 |
| 29 | 12.7 | 5:25 | 6:07 |
| 30 | 12.7 | 5:25 | 6:07 |
Solar energy in November
Average shortwave solar energy reaching the ground each day in November, about 6.42 kWh/m² — the sunniest month for solar.
For context, solar energy here swings from a low near 4.76 kWh/m² to a high of 6.42 kWh/m² in November across the year — November's 6.42 kWh/m² sits near the top of that range.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 |
| Level | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense | Intense |
| Solar energy (kWh/m²) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 2 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 3 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 4 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 5 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 6 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 7 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 8 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 9 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 10 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 11 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 12 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 13 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 14 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 15 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 16 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 17 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 18 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 19 | 6.4 | Intense |
| 20 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 21 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 22 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 23 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 24 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 25 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 26 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 27 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 28 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 29 | 6.3 | Intense |
| 30 | 6.3 | Intense |
Hazard calendar for Huanta
In November, Huanta sits inside its rainy season season. The full year is below, with each hazard's peak months called out.
Huanta's rainy season runs November–March, when most of the year's rain falls.
Is November a good time to visit Huanta?
Our two travel scores rate November for general sightseeing and for beach or pool weather — 0 (poor) to 10 (ideal).
November is a reasonable time to visit Huanta for sightseeing.
What to pack for Huanta in November
From November's temperature range, rain chance, sun and wind — what's worth putting in the bag.
In November, Huanta sees daytime highs around 18°C and nights near 8°C. Pack rain gear and sun protection. About 18 days see rain.
UV index in Huanta in November
Clear-sky midday UV in November peaks around 17 (very high — sun protection essential). The full-year curve, shaded by WHO exposure level, is below.
Under clear skies, the midday UV index in Huanta peaks around February 11 at about 19 (extreme) — sunscreen, a hat and midday shade are essential. It bottoms out near June 23 at about 10 (extreme).
The index reaches 3 or more — the level where the WHO recommends sun protection — every month of the year.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV index (midday) | 18 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Level | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme | Extreme |
| UV index (midday) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18 | Extreme |
| Feb | 19 | Extreme |
| Mar | 17 | Extreme |
| Apr | 15 | Extreme |
| May | 13 | Extreme |
| Jun | 10 | Extreme |
| Jul | 10 | Extreme |
| Aug | 13 | Extreme |
| Sep | 14 | Extreme |
| Oct | 17 | Extreme |
| Nov | 17 | Extreme |
| Dec | 17 | Extreme |
Air quality in Huanta in November
Average fine-particle pollution (PM2.5) through the year — so you can see where November falls, not just the annual average.
Air quality in Huanta is worst in August — around 17 µg/m³ PM2.5 (moderate), about 2.7× the cleanest month (June, 7 µg/m³).
Modeled monthly averages (CAMS reanalysis, 2015–2024).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 10 | 7 |
| Level | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Good | Moderate | Moderate | Good | Good | Good |
| PM2.5 (µg/m³) | Level | |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7 | Good |
| Feb | 8 | Good |
| Mar | 8 | Good |
| Apr | 7 | Good |
| May | 7 | Good |
| Jun | 7 | Good |
| Jul | 9 | Good |
| Aug | 17 | Moderate |
| Sep | 17 | Moderate |
| Oct | 11 | Good |
| Nov | 10 | Good |
| Dec | 7 | Good |
Where is Huanta?
Huanta sits at 12.9°S, 74.3°W, 2,659 m above sea level, in Peru. The nearest listed city is Ayacucho, 26 km away.
Topography around Huanta
How much the land rises and falls, and what covers it, within 3, 16 and 80 km of Huanta.
Within 3 km, the terrain around Huanta has large variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 1,072 m around an average of 2,706 m above sea level; within 16 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 2,756 m; within 80 km, extreme variations in elevation — a maximum elevation change of 4,650 m.
The land around Huanta is covered by trees (49%) and grassland (26%) within 3 km, grassland (67%) within 16 km, and grassland (70%) and trees (24%) within 80 km.
Peru travel facts
- Travel advisory
- Level 2
- Exercise Increased Caution
- Power plugs
- Type A / B / C
- 220 V · 60 Hz
- Prices
- ≈ 51% of US
- price level, 2025
- GDP per capita
- $9,684
- 2025
- Happiness
- 6.0 / 10
- World Happiness, 2025
- Safe drinking water
- 49%
- of population, 2024
- Homicide rate
- 8.6
- per 100k, 2021
- Road deaths
- 13.6
- per 100k/yr, 2019
- Income group
- Upper middle
- World Bank
- English
- Moderate
- EF EPI 519
- Religion
Sources: World Bank, US State Department, World Happiness Report, WHO/UNICEF, EF EPI, CIA World Factbook.
Data sources
Temperature, precipitation, cloud, humidity, wind and solar figures are a 1991–2020 climatology for Huanta (-12.9333°, -74.25°, elevation 2,659 m), computed from hourly ERA5 reanalysis — contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information. Sun figures are astronomical calculations, not observations. City data © GeoNames, CC BY 4.0. Map outlines from Natural Earth (public domain); interactive map © Google. UV index is derived from CAMS (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) clear-sky UV data — contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information. Monthly air-quality (PM2.5) seasonality is from the CAMS EAC4 reanalysis (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service), scaled to the WHO annual mean where available. Topography is sampled from the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 elevation model (© ESA/Airbus) and ESA WorldCover 2021 land cover (CC BY 4.0).